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静安区2025学年度第一学期教学质量调研 高三英语试卷
2025.12
(时间105分钟，满分115分)
考生注意：
1. 本试卷共10页。
2. 答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正 确涂写准考证号。
3. 答案必须全部涂写在答题纸上。如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
I.Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.
　　　When Bill Priest walked into his kitchen on a recent Sunday,he got the shock of his life.An adult black bear was helping itself(1) some jam and crackers Priest had left out on the kitchen counter.
　　　"I froze,"Priest said."I was in total shock."
　　　Priest,who had just returned from working in his yard,(2) (grab)a chair to put between him and the animal.He eventually got the bear out through the front door by screaming, (3) eventually left but not before it ate an entire bag of marshmallows(棉花糖).
　　　(4) happened next was even more alarming for Priest.The bear came back the next day and tore a screen trying to get inside.
　　　The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP)has now set up a trap in Priest's backyard with the hope of catching the bear.The plan is(5) (shoot)it with a paintball gun and make loud noises-essentially to recondition it and retrain it,to teach the bear to be more afraid of humans by associating a bad experience with human activity.
　　　Priest isn't alone.More dangerous meetings with the wild animals(6) (report)across the state so far.
　　　"Bears learn from us,"said Jason Hawley,state wildlife biologist on the bear program with DEEP."The more bears are interacting with people,the more comfortable(7) become.”
　　　(8) a bear no longer fears humans,it is considered “habituated”,which makes that animal more dangerous.
　　　"Leaving trash outside and not(9) (lock)up or having any food source around your house is conditioning a bear to be habituated,"Hawley said.Even more reckless(鲁莽的),he said, is intentionally feeding a bear.
　　　"It is harming that bear,"Hawley said."When someone feeds a bear,they are changing their behavior to not fear humans,which means that animal ultimately will end up(10) (harm) someone else or have to be put down.”
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.shiftingB.setC.slideD.applyE.fixesF.interplayG.sensitivityH.disruptedI.signalsJ.declineK.modeled
　Frequent flyers have a bag of tricks to get over jet lag.Scientists have plenty of suggestions too:from getting a dose of sunlight,melatonin(褪黑素)or a hit of exercise,to staying hydrated, skipping caffeine,and eating at local meal times.While none are guaranteed quick 11 these tips help our bodies 12 back into their usual internal clocks which course through every organ of the body,controlled by a ‘master clock' in the brain.
　Now,a team of US researchers modeling those circadian rhythms(昼夜节律)has landed on what they say is the fastest way to shake off jet lag and reset your body clock-a strategy that could 13 to sleepy shift workers too.
　"Having a larger meal in the early morning of the new time zone can help overcome jet lag," says applied mathematician Yitong Huang of Northwestern University in Ilinois,who led the modeling study.“Constantly 14 meal schedules or having a meal at night is discouraged, as it can lead to a mismatch between circadian rhythms.”
　The findings not only echo earlier studies on meal timing,but also extend our understanding of why circadian rhythms 15 with age.Huang and colleagues 16 internal clocks using a suite of mathematical equations,a rough approximation of the human body at best,so they could analyze multiple biological clocks and cues at once,including light exposure and food intake.
　Of particular interest to the researchers were the effects of aging on circadian rhythms.Older folks generally take longer to recover from　jet lag,which might be because their circadian rhythms are more easily 17 or take longer to regroup.Huang and colleagues'　findings reaffirm what has been suggested before from animal studies,about the way circadian rhythms tire with age.
　Weaker 18 from the aging brain's suprachiasmatic nueleus (视交叉上核) led to the body's secondary clocks becoming disorganized,and those clocks took longer to recover from a 6-hour time shift similar to long-distance travel.Reduced 19 to light had a similar effect.
　　　As for food,the teams'　modeling suggests a large,single meal in the early morning for three days can help realign our body clocks after jet lag.
"These results highlight the importance of secondary clocks in regulating the circadian rhythms and provide fresh insights into the complex 20 between aging and the resilience of the circadian system,”Huang and colleagues write.
II.Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
It's long been thought that the earlier you learn new skills,the easier they are to 21 . That's part of the reason why early childhood was once considered the best time to be 22 to a second language. But whether that holds true has been heavily debated in the scientific community.
Unfortunately,the idea has helped increase doubt in older individuals' ability to quickly adapt to new languages,preventing the 23 of many potential polyglots(通晓多种言者).
As a constantly 24 and complex organ,the human brain retains significant potential for higher learning after puberty.Adults and children simply absorb and learn things differently.
"Research shows that adults are better learners in many areas because we have a lot of 25 and we're very attentive when we want to learn something,”says Lourdes Ortega,a professor of linguistics at Georgetown University."For most,it can take years to reach 26 in a foreign language."According to The Foreign Service Institute(FSI),factors such as a person's natural ability,their previous linguistic experience,and the consistency of their lessons 27 the language learning process.
The FSI also reports that languages more 28 to their own,like Spanish or French,can be learned relatively quickly-often in about 24-30 weeks. 29 languages with significant cultural differences from English,such as Greek or Russian,generally require about 44 weeks.
These estimates reflect a strict study model,involving several dedicated hours of practice spread across multiple days per week.It is 30 to expect any individual to follow such a demanding schedule alone.
"No one can learn,as an adult,a new language unless they love it and unless they make it part of their life,"says Ortega."In theory,it's a great thing,but you need to have reasons for it and the time to invest in it.”
At the same time,while adults benefit from motivation and 31 efforts,children approach learning differently,and both age groups have unique strengths and weaknesses when it comes to 32 new connections.Children tend to learn new languages more 33 , may have more opportunities to play and experiment with new languages,and may be forced to adapt without the aid of translation apps or other resources.Adults,meanwhile,can employ customized 34 to improve their language learning experience. 35 ,they create their own memorization systems or visualization techniques.
Still,scientists are discovering that cognitive processes across different ages are far more complex than previously thought,suggesting that learning potential remains significant well beyond early childhood.
21.A.set off B.hold out C.pick up D.make for
22.A.accustomed B.exposed C.instructed D.imposed
23.A.emergence B.supervision C.guidance D.absence
24.A.restoring B.evolving C.adopting D.inferring
25.A.self-doubt B.self-esteem C.self-criticism D.self-regulation
26.A.mastery B.agreement C.coverage D.dimension
27.A.hint B.integrate C.affect D.speed
28.A.unique B.similar C.respective D.resistant
29.A.In essence B.By contrast C.In addition D.To some extent
30.A.invaluable B.conventional C.unrealistic D.distinctive
31.A.deliberate B.random C.joint D.ideal
32.A.masking B.grasping C.narrowing D.reforming
33.A.instinctively B.consciously C.mutually D.duly
34.A.formats B.gestures C.attainments D.strategies
35.A.As a whole B.For instance C.In conclusion D.By the way
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Nicole Killian was preoccupied before hearing of the hurricane(飓风).First,she worried about safety and checked on neighbors and family.Then she thought about repairs,bills,and about when tourists would return for people to work.Among these human concerns,it's tough to remember the natural world,even for Killian, a conservationist and naturalist who earns a living by sharing Florida's west coast waterways.But then there was that dolphin.
A week after Hurricane Milton hit Englewood, a dolphin was caught in a floating crab trap near the boat launch where Nicole Killian kept equipment for her business.A team tried to free it. As biologists worked to save and release the dolphin into Lemon Bay, Killian and her husband knew they needed to do something.“We had always known we wanted to help clean up the waterway,"she says."But after hearing about the dolphin,we knew we needed to act fast."
The mangroves(红树林)Kilian guides tourists through were littered with plastic bags, drywall,and broken two-by-fours.Mangroves are the ecosystem's natural filter.But the Killians recognized that in this situation,the plants needed assistance.So they decided to organize a group to boat along the banks of Lemon Bay and remove trash.“We decided to call it Waterway Warriors,” she says."Because we need an army of environmentalists to help."
Cleaning up mangroves isn't straightforward.The volunteers pulled out gas tanks and metal sheets,dock remains and crab traps."Everybody was happy to be there and glad somebody was doing something,"one volunteer says."There was a lot of laughter,a lot of smiles and a lot of triumph.”
Indeed,a disturbing phenomenon occurs with hurricanes, Killian's husband says.Some people's lives are turned upside down,with ruined homes and lost jobs.Others are just fine.In a tight-knit community like this one,where neighbors know one another,that can leave survivors' guilt and deep desire to help.The Waterway Warriors cleanups turned out to be as much for the people as they are for the mangroves and the other creatures that live in the area."We've learned we're a strong community,"Ms Killian says.“We've learned that people want to help.”
36.What event motivated Killian and her husband to take immediate action
　A.The hurricane's damage to their tour business.
　B.A trapped dolphin discovered after the hurricane.
　C.The return of tourists to the mangrove areas.
　D.The government's request for cleanup volunteers.
37.What is the main purpose of the“Waterway Warriors”group
　A.To teach tourists about Florida's wildlife.
　B.To help clean and restore local waterways.
　C.To rescue sea animals trapped after storms.
　D.To collect donations for hurricane victims.
38.What can be inferred about the Waterway Warriors cleanups from the last paragraph
　A.They helped relieve psychological stress in the community.
　B.They encouraged more tourists to help the community.
　C.They highlighted the destructive power of hurricanes.
　D.They offered jobs to survivors in the community.
39.What is the passage mainly about
　A.The rescue of a dolphin after a hurricane.
　B.The environmental damage caused by a hurricane.
　C.Community-led recovery efforts after a disaster.
　D.The relationship between humans and nature.
(B)
Prescription(处方)Drug Facts Rx Only
Active Ingredient Purpose IZERVAY(avacincaptad pegol intravitreal solution)………Geographic Atrophy(萎缩)(GA) Treatment
Uses IZERVAY(ahy-zer-vay)is a prescription eye injection given by an eye care professional.IZERVAY is used to treat geographic atrophy(GA),the advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration(黄斑变性)(AMD). Do not receive treatment with IZERVAY if you: ■ have an infection in or around your eye. ■ have active swelling in or around your eye that may include pain and redness.
Warnings Before you are treated with IZERVAY,tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions,including if you: ■ have a history of seeing flashes of light or small specks floating in your vision. ■ have high pressure in the eye or if you have glaucoma(青光眼). ■ are pregnant or breastfeeding,think you may be pregnant,or are planning to have a baby. ■ are taking any medications,including prescription and over-the-counter medicines,vitamins,and herbal supplements.
What should I avoid while receiving IZERVAY ■ Your vision may be impaired after receiving an eye injection or after an eye exam.Do not drive or use machinery until your vision has recovered sufficiently. Serious Side Effects ■Eye injections like the one for IZERVAY can cause an eye infection(endophthalmitis)or separation of layers of the retina(retinal detachment). ■If you have redness of the eye,eye pain,increased discomfort,worsening eye redness,blured(模糊的)or decreased vision,an increased number of small specks floating in your vision,flashes of light,or increased sensitivity to light,call all your healthcare provider right away. ■ There is a risk of developing wet AMD with IZERVAY.You should report any symptoms(visual distortions such as straight lines,seeming bent,deterioration in vision,dark spots,loss of central vision)to your healthcare provider to monitor. ■ IZERVAY may cause a temporary increase in eye pressure after the injection.Your healthcare provider will monitor this after each injection. These are not all the possible side effects of IZERVAY. Call your healthcare provider for medical advice about side effects.You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA.Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch,or call at 1-800- FDA-1088.
40.What is the main purpose of this passage
　A.To advertise a new drug for eye diseases.
　B.To instruet patients on how to self-administer IZERVAY injections.
　C.To provide key safety information for a prescription drug.
　D.To compare different therapies for macular degeneration.
41.What should a patient do immediately if flashes of light occur after receiving IZERVAY
　A.Monitor for the development of wet AMD.
　B.Seek immediate medical attention.
　C.Observe whether the symptoms improve over time.
　D.Review all their current medications.
42.Mr.Johnson,aged 68,with Geographic Atrophy,takes several herbal supplements daily.　Before his first IZERVAY injection,what is the most important step he should take
　A.Arrange for someone to accompany him to the clinic.
　B.Inform his doctor about all the herbal supplements he is taking.
　C.Closely monitor his vision for any new floaters or flashes of light.
　D.Stop taking his herbal supplements without doctors' advice.
(C)
Geology,the study of the structure and formation of the Earth,is the baby of all the other sciences.Until comparatively recently,scholars paid little attention to rocks and rock formations. Indeed,the word geology only appeared in the English language in 1735 and took another seventy or so years to enter general usage.Geology made its first appearance in the Encyclopedia Britannica (大英百科全书)in the 1810 edition.Despite this inclusion,the science of geology remained largely ignored until much later in the century.
Nowadays the mystery of the Earth and its formation fascinates geologists across the world.　However,　few people know that the whole modern discipline of geology and the way we look at our world owes its inspiration to a single man with an extraordinary passion for landscape and rocks.That man was William Smith,who was born in 1769in the small village of Churchill in the south of England.
From an early age,William showed a strong interest in the world about him and asked questions about the landscape that no one could properly answer.As a young boy William picked up strange-looking stones that lay in the fields around his home and felt that some of the most common patterns in these stones looked like animals found living in the sea.He asked the men of knowledge and science in the district how these stones came to find themselves here.No one,it seemed,had answers to his questions or even thought it remotely interesting to ask the questions in the first place.
A chance meeting with a man called Edward Webb led to William being offered a position to work down the mines.He came to realize that different types of rock lay at different levels as he went deeper underground.This led William to suggest that older rocks lay deeper than newer rocks.
Armed with his newfound insight into the birth of rocks,William walked the length and breadth of Great Britain with the intention of surveying and categorizing all the wonderfully different types of rocks that he found.It took William many years of frustration and hardship to draw a huge map of Great Britain by hand.The map,on display today at Burlington House in London,uses beautiful colors to show every layer of rock below in the most precise detail.Unique in its time, William's map gave birth to every geological survey that we take for granted in the world today.
43.The author mentions the late inclusion of“geology”in the Encyclopedia Britannica primarily to
　A.question the accuracy of earlier editions of the encyclopedia
　B.highlight the slow academic acceptance of geology as a discipline
　C.emphasize the pioneering contribution of the Encyclopedia Britannica to science
　D.provide a precise birth date for the formal study of Earth's structure
44.William Smith’s key contribution to geology was the realization that ·
　A.mining operations were crucial for accessing complete rock orders
　B.the entire British landscape could be represented in a detailed map
　C.fossils provided the only reliable means for classifying rock types
　D.the order of rock layers preserved a record of past geological time
45.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
　A.Smith's extensive travels were the most important part of his work.
　B.The main value of Smith's map today is as a piece of displayed art.
　C.Smith’s work laid the foundation for modern geological surveys.
　D.Smith's map was immediately recognized as a major scientific breakthrough.
46.Which of the following might be the best title for this passage
　A.How Fossil Patterns Revealed Ancient Seas
　B.The Man Who Uncovered the Earth's Story
　C.The Encyclopedia Britannica and the Rise of Geology
　D.William Smith:From Miner to Master of Mapping
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
It's a kind of phase transition,like water turning from liquid to solid. They then used traffic-engineering models to analyze how the ants moved. C.Drivers often follow ants' behavior when the highway is busy. D.However,human drivers at rush hour are unlikely to follow such rules. E.Ants communicate through a centralized leader that directs the group. F.Without this space,the wave would grow into a full “fake”traffic jam.
From an airplane,cars crawling down the highway look like ants.But actual ants -unlike cars-somehow manage to avoid the problem of stop-and-go traffic.Researchers are now studying these insects' cooperative strategies to learn how to program self-driving cars that don't jam up.
The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density of cars increases on a highway.At 15 vehicles per mile per lane,one driver tapping their brakes can trigger a persistent wave of congestion(拥堵).“ 47 ”says Katsuhiro Nishinari, a mathematical physicist at the University of Tokyo,who studies these jamming transitions.
Nishinari's previous research had shown that foraging(觅食)ants can maintain their flow even at high densities.In a recent study published in Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives,researchers recorded Oche　tell　us ants on searching trails. 48 They found that the ants don't jam at rush hour because they travel in groups of three to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another and they don't speed up to pass others.
49 But self-driving cars,if they one day become widespread,could have more cooperative programming.In one vision of this future,autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars to optimize traffic flow-perhaps,the researchers suggest,by prioritizing constant speeds and head ways or by not passing others on the road.
This vehicle network would be similar to ants on a trail,which use scent to coordinate behavior while interacting with one another.“There is no leader but this organization emerges anyway,"says Noa Pinter-Wollman, a behavioral scientist currently studying ants at the University of California,Los Angeles.And in both ant and vehicle traffic,this type of distributed system can be“very,very strong and resilient”,　Nishinari says.
Today's drivers can learn from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam, Nishinari says:"don't tailgate(尾随)."By leaving room between their car and the one ahead,drivers can absorb a wave of braking in heavy traffic. 50 "Just keeping away,"he says,can help traffic flow smoothly.
III.Summary Writing
Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
51.
Should you build a capsule wardrobe(胶囊衣柜)
Do you ever struggle with choosing your outfit in the morning If you have a full wardrobe yet still feel you don't have anything to wear,you might want to build yourself a capsule wardrobe!
So,what is this Put simply,a capsule wardrobe is a small selection of items of clothing that go well with each other,and are therefore interchangeable.Key to the capsule wardrobe is solid basics,like plain tops,and,ideally,neutral colors,because they make combinations easier. Consider the flexibility of a basic pair of jeans.They can be paired with sneakers and a T-shirt for a relaxed style or a jacket paired with high heels,if you want to look more sophisticated.Fashion bloggers also talk about timeless classics-picture a luxury black handbag that will suit any occasion and won't go out of style.
But why might it be beneficial to build a capsule wardrobe 　Well,by limiting your choices, it can become much easier to choose what to wear,but there is another advantage too-it can reduce the amount of fast fashion.Fast fashion refers to clothes which are trendy for just a short time,so they are quickly replaced by newer trends.This results in cheap and poor-quality clothing which has huge environmental costs as waste goes to landfill, resulting in an increase in pollution.
According to UK clothes waste charity TRAID, the average garment is worn just 10 times before long disposed of. So, having a capsule wardrobe with long-lasting and high-quality clothes should help reduce this,even if it means paying more in the first place.
　　　Building an excellent capsule wardrobe takes time and patience.But,if you want to reduce waste and have some extra time in the morning,it might be time to start building!
IV.Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets
52. 别把那个花瓶放在书架最上面，它可能会掉下来。(vase)
53. 冬日清晨，没什么比喝上一杯热气腾腾的豆浆更美妙的了。(than)
54. 这位青年画家凭借细腻的笔触，迅速获得业界青睐，订单纷至沓来。(favor)
55. 虽然这座矗立于市中心的纪念碑形制朴素，但它作为历史见证，始终塑造着我们的民 族精神，激励着后人。(Though)
V.Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
56. 当下，年轻人消费日益注重“情绪价值”,推动了以汉服、盲盒、剧场体验等为代表 的“情绪经济 (emotion economy)” 的兴起。学校英语报现举办以“我看情绪经济” 为主题的征文活动，请你以学生李华的身份投稿，分享你对这一现象的理解与思考。 请确保你的稿件包含以下内容：
1)简述对此现象的理解；
2)结合具体事例，谈谈你对此现象的看法。
(注：文中不得出现考生姓名、学校等真实个人信息。)静安区2025学年度第一学期教学质量调研 高三英语试卷
2025.12
(时间105分钟，满分115分)
考生注意：
1. 本试卷共10页。
2. 答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正 确涂写准考证号。
3. 答案必须全部涂写在答题纸上。如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
I.Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.
　　　When Bill Priest walked into his kitchen on a recent Sunday,he got the shock of his life.An adult black bear was helping itself(1) some jam and crackers Priest had left out on the kitchen counter.
　　　"I froze,"Priest said."I was in total shock."
　　　Priest,who had just returned from working in his yard,(2) (grab)a chair to put between him and the animal.He eventually got the bear out through the front door by screaming, (3) eventually left but not before it ate an entire bag of marshmallows(棉花糖).
　　　(4) happened next was even more alarming for Priest.The bear came back the next day and tore a screen trying to get inside.
　　　The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP)has now set up a trap in Priest's backyard with the hope of catching the bear.The plan is(5) (shoot)it with a paintball gun and make loud noises-essentially to recondition it and retrain it,to teach the bear to be more afraid of humans by associating a bad experience with human activity.
　　　Priest isn't alone.More dangerous meetings with the wild animals(6) (report)across the state so far.
　　　"Bears learn from us,"said Jason Hawley,state wildlife biologist on the bear program with DEEP."The more bears are interacting with people,the more comfortable(7) become.”
　　　(8) a bear no longer fears humans,it is considered “habituated”,which makes that animal more dangerous.
　　　"Leaving trash outside and not(9) (lock)up or having any food source around your house is conditioning a bear to be habituated,"Hawley said.Even more reckless(鲁莽的),he said, is intentionally feeding a bear.
　　　"It is harming that bear,"Hawley said."When someone feeds a bear,they are changing their behavior to not fear humans,which means that animal ultimately will end up(10) (harm) someone else or have to be put down.”
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.shiftingB.setC.slideD.applyE.fixesF.interplayG.sensitivityH.disruptedI.signalsJ.declineK.modeled
　Frequent flyers have a bag of tricks to get over jet lag.Scientists have plenty of suggestions too:from getting a dose of sunlight,melatonin(褪黑素)or a hit of exercise,to staying hydrated, skipping caffeine,and eating at local meal times.While none are guaranteed quick 11 these tips help our bodies 12 back into their usual internal clocks which course through every organ of the body,controlled by a ‘master clock' in the brain.
　Now,a team of US researchers modeling those circadian rhythms(昼夜节律)has landed on what they say is the fastest way to shake off jet lag and reset your body clock-a strategy that could 13 to sleepy shift workers too.
　"Having a larger meal in the early morning of the new time zone can help overcome jet lag," says applied mathematician Yitong Huang of Northwestern University in Ilinois,who led the modeling study.“Constantly 14 meal schedules or having a meal at night is discouraged, as it can lead to a mismatch between circadian rhythms.”
　The findings not only echo earlier studies on meal timing,but also extend our understanding of why circadian rhythms 15 with age.Huang and colleagues 16 internal clocks using a suite of mathematical equations,a rough approximation of the human body at best,so they could analyze multiple biological clocks and cues at once,including light exposure and food intake.
　Of particular interest to the researchers were the effects of aging on circadian rhythms.Older folks generally take longer to recover from　jet lag,which might be because their circadian rhythms are more easily 17 or take longer to regroup.Huang and colleagues'　findings reaffirm what has been suggested before from animal studies,about the way circadian rhythms tire with age.
　Weaker 18 from the aging brain's suprachiasmatic nueleus (视交叉上核) led to the body's secondary clocks becoming disorganized,and those clocks took longer to recover from a 6-hour time shift similar to long-distance travel.Reduced 19 to light had a similar effect.
　　　As for food,the teams'　modeling suggests a large,single meal in the early morning for three days can help realign our body clocks after jet lag.
"These results highlight the importance of secondary clocks in regulating the circadian rhythms and provide fresh insights into the complex 20 between aging and the resilience of the circadian system,”Huang and colleagues write.
II.Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
It's long been thought that the earlier you learn new skills,the easier they are to 21 . That's part of the reason why early childhood was once considered the best time to be 22 to a second language. But whether that holds true has been heavily debated in the scientific community.
Unfortunately,the idea has helped increase doubt in older individuals' ability to quickly adapt to new languages,preventing the 23 of many potential polyglots(通晓多种言者).
As a constantly 24 and complex organ,the human brain retains significant potential for higher learning after puberty.Adults and children simply absorb and learn things differently.
"Research shows that adults are better learners in many areas because we have a lot of 25 and we're very attentive when we want to learn something,”says Lourdes Ortega,a professor of linguistics at Georgetown University."For most,it can take years to reach 26 in a foreign language."According to The Foreign Service Institute(FSI),factors such as a person's natural ability,their previous linguistic experience,and the consistency of their lessons 27 the language learning process.
The FSI also reports that languages more 28 to their own,like Spanish or French,can be learned relatively quickly-often in about 24-30 weeks. 29 languages with significant cultural differences from English,such as Greek or Russian,generally require about 44 weeks.
These estimates reflect a strict study model,involving several dedicated hours of practice spread across multiple days per week.It is 30 to expect any individual to follow such a demanding schedule alone.
"No one can learn,as an adult,a new language unless they love it and unless they make it part of their life,"says Ortega."In theory,it's a great thing,but you need to have reasons for it and the time to invest in it.”
At the same time,while adults benefit from motivation and 31 efforts,children approach learning differently,and both age groups have unique strengths and weaknesses when it comes to 32 new connections.Children tend to learn new languages more 33 , may have more opportunities to play and experiment with new languages,and may be forced to adapt without the aid of translation apps or other resources.Adults,meanwhile,can employ customized 34 to improve their language learning experience. 35 ,they create their own memorization systems or visualization techniques.
Still,scientists are discovering that cognitive processes across different ages are far more complex than previously thought,suggesting that learning potential remains significant well beyond early childhood.
21.A.set off B.hold out C.pick up D.make for
22.A.accustomed B.exposed C.instructed D.imposed
23.A.emergence B.supervision C.guidance D.absence
24.A.restoring B.evolving C.adopting D.inferring
25.A.self-doubt B.self-esteem C.self-criticism D.self-regulation
26.A.mastery B.agreement C.coverage D.dimension
27.A.hint B.integrate C.affect D.speed
28.A.unique B.similar C.respective D.resistant
29.A.In essence B.By contrast C.In addition D.To some extent
30.A.invaluable B.conventional C.unrealistic D.distinctive
31.A.deliberate B.random C.joint D.ideal
32.A.masking B.grasping C.narrowing D.reforming
33.A.instinctively B.consciously C.mutually D.duly
34.A.formats B.gestures C.attainments D.strategies
35.A.As a whole B.For instance C.In conclusion D.By the way
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Nicole Killian was preoccupied before hearing of the hurricane(飓风).First,she worried about safety and checked on neighbors and family.Then she thought about repairs,bills,and about when tourists would return for people to work.Among these human concerns,it's tough to remember the natural world,even for Killian, a conservationist and naturalist who earns a living by sharing Florida's west coast waterways.But then there was that dolphin.
A week after Hurricane Milton hit Englewood, a dolphin was caught in a floating crab trap near the boat launch where Nicole Killian kept equipment for her business.A team tried to free it. As biologists worked to save and release the dolphin into Lemon Bay, Killian and her husband knew they needed to do something.“We had always known we wanted to help clean up the waterway,"she says."But after hearing about the dolphin,we knew we needed to act fast."
The mangroves(红树林)Kilian guides tourists through were littered with plastic bags, drywall,and broken two-by-fours.Mangroves are the ecosystem's natural filter.But the Killians recognized that in this situation,the plants needed assistance.So they decided to organize a group to boat along the banks of Lemon Bay and remove trash.“We decided to call it Waterway Warriors,” she says."Because we need an army of environmentalists to help."
Cleaning up mangroves isn't straightforward.The volunteers pulled out gas tanks and metal sheets,dock remains and crab traps."Everybody was happy to be there and glad somebody was doing something,"one volunteer says."There was a lot of laughter,a lot of smiles and a lot of triumph.”
Indeed,a disturbing phenomenon occurs with hurricanes, Killian's husband says.Some people's lives are turned upside down,with ruined homes and lost jobs.Others are just fine.In a tight-knit community like this one,where neighbors know one another,that can leave survivors' guilt and deep desire to help.The Waterway Warriors cleanups turned out to be as much for the people as they are for the mangroves and the other creatures that live in the area."We've learned we're a strong community,"Ms Killian says.“We've learned that people want to help.”
36.What event motivated Killian and her husband to take immediate action
　A.The hurricane's damage to their tour business.
　B.A trapped dolphin discovered after the hurricane.
　C.The return of tourists to the mangrove areas.
　D.The government's request for cleanup volunteers.
37.What is the main purpose of the“Waterway Warriors”group
　A.To teach tourists about Florida's wildlife.
　B.To help clean and restore local waterways.
　C.To rescue sea animals trapped after storms.
　D.To collect donations for hurricane victims.
38.What can be inferred about the Waterway Warriors cleanups from the last paragraph
　A.They helped relieve psychological stress in the community.
　B.They encouraged more tourists to help the community.
　C.They highlighted the destructive power of hurricanes.
　D.They offered jobs to survivors in the community.
39.What is the passage mainly about
　A.The rescue of a dolphin after a hurricane.
　B.The environmental damage caused by a hurricane.
　C.Community-led recovery efforts after a disaster.
　D.The relationship between humans and nature.
(B)
Prescription(处方)Drug Facts Rx Only
Active Ingredient Purpose IZERVAY(avacincaptad pegol intravitreal solution)………Geographic Atrophy(萎缩)(GA) Treatment
Uses IZERVAY(ahy-zer-vay)is a prescription eye injection given by an eye care professional.IZERVAY is used to treat geographic atrophy(GA),the advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration(黄斑变性)(AMD). Do not receive treatment with IZERVAY if you: ■ have an infection in or around your eye. ■ have active swelling in or around your eye that may include pain and redness.
Warnings Before you are treated with IZERVAY,tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions,including if you: ■ have a history of seeing flashes of light or small specks floating in your vision. ■ have high pressure in the eye or if you have glaucoma(青光眼). ■ are pregnant or breastfeeding,think you may be pregnant,or are planning to have a baby. ■ are taking any medications,including prescription and over-the-counter medicines,vitamins,and herbal supplements.
What should I avoid while receiving IZERVAY ■ Your vision may be impaired after receiving an eye injection or after an eye exam.Do not drive or use machinery until your vision has recovered sufficiently. Serious Side Effects ■Eye injections like the one for IZERVAY can cause an eye infection(endophthalmitis)or separation of layers of the retina(retinal detachment). ■If you have redness of the eye,eye pain,increased discomfort,worsening eye redness,blured(模糊的)or decreased vision,an increased number of small specks floating in your vision,flashes of light,or increased sensitivity to light,call all your healthcare provider right away. ■ There is a risk of developing wet AMD with IZERVAY.You should report any symptoms(visual distortions such as straight lines,seeming bent,deterioration in vision,dark spots,loss of central vision)to your healthcare provider to monitor. ■ IZERVAY may cause a temporary increase in eye pressure after the injection.Your healthcare provider will monitor this after each injection. These are not all the possible side effects of IZERVAY. Call your healthcare provider for medical advice about side effects.You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA.Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch,or call at 1-800- FDA-1088.
40.What is the main purpose of this passage
　A.To advertise a new drug for eye diseases.
　B.To instruet patients on how to self-administer IZERVAY injections.
　C.To provide key safety information for a prescription drug.
　D.To compare different therapies for macular degeneration.
41.What should a patient do immediately if flashes of light occur after receiving IZERVAY
　A.Monitor for the development of wet AMD.
　B.Seek immediate medical attention.
　C.Observe whether the symptoms improve over time.
　D.Review all their current medications.
42.Mr.Johnson,aged 68,with Geographic Atrophy,takes several herbal supplements daily.　Before his first IZERVAY injection,what is the most important step he should take
　A.Arrange for someone to accompany him to the clinic.
　B.Inform his doctor about all the herbal supplements he is taking.
　C.Closely monitor his vision for any new floaters or flashes of light.
　D.Stop taking his herbal supplements without doctors' advice.
(C)
Geology,the study of the structure and formation of the Earth,is the baby of all the other sciences.Until comparatively recently,scholars paid little attention to rocks and rock formations. Indeed,the word geology only appeared in the English language in 1735 and took another seventy or so years to enter general usage.Geology made its first appearance in the Encyclopedia Britannica (大英百科全书)in the 1810 edition.Despite this inclusion,the science of geology remained largely ignored until much later in the century.
Nowadays the mystery of the Earth and its formation fascinates geologists across the world.　However,　few people know that the whole modern discipline of geology and the way we look at our world owes its inspiration to a single man with an extraordinary passion for landscape and rocks.That man was William Smith,who was born in 1769in the small village of Churchill in the south of England.
From an early age,William showed a strong interest in the world about him and asked questions about the landscape that no one could properly answer.As a young boy William picked up strange-looking stones that lay in the fields around his home and felt that some of the most common patterns in these stones looked like animals found living in the sea.He asked the men of knowledge and science in the district how these stones came to find themselves here.No one,it seemed,had answers to his questions or even thought it remotely interesting to ask the questions in the first place.
A chance meeting with a man called Edward Webb led to William being offered a position to work down the mines.He came to realize that different types of rock lay at different levels as he went deeper underground.This led William to suggest that older rocks lay deeper than newer rocks.
Armed with his newfound insight into the birth of rocks,William walked the length and breadth of Great Britain with the intention of surveying and categorizing all the wonderfully different types of rocks that he found.It took William many years of frustration and hardship to draw a huge map of Great Britain by hand.The map,on display today at Burlington House in London,uses beautiful colors to show every layer of rock below in the most precise detail.Unique in its time, William's map gave birth to every geological survey that we take for granted in the world today.
43.The author mentions the late inclusion of“geology”in the Encyclopedia Britannica primarily to
　A.question the accuracy of earlier editions of the encyclopedia
　B.highlight the slow academic acceptance of geology as a discipline
　C.emphasize the pioneering contribution of the Encyclopedia Britannica to science
　D.provide a precise birth date for the formal study of Earth's structure
44.William Smith’s key contribution to geology was the realization that ·
　A.mining operations were crucial for accessing complete rock orders
　B.the entire British landscape could be represented in a detailed map
　C.fossils provided the only reliable means for classifying rock types
　D.the order of rock layers preserved a record of past geological time
45.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
　A.Smith's extensive travels were the most important part of his work.
　B.The main value of Smith's map today is as a piece of displayed art.
　C.Smith’s work laid the foundation for modern geological surveys.
　D.Smith's map was immediately recognized as a major scientific breakthrough.
46.Which of the following might be the best title for this passage
　A.How Fossil Patterns Revealed Ancient Seas
　B.The Man Who Uncovered the Earth's Story
　C.The Encyclopedia Britannica and the Rise of Geology
　D.William Smith:From Miner to Master of Mapping
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
It's a kind of phase transition,like water turning from liquid to solid. They then used traffic-engineering models to analyze how the ants moved. C.Drivers often follow ants' behavior when the highway is busy. D.However,human drivers at rush hour are unlikely to follow such rules. E.Ants communicate through a centralized leader that directs the group. F.Without this space,the wave would grow into a full “fake”traffic jam.
From an airplane,cars crawling down the highway look like ants.But actual ants -unlike cars-somehow manage to avoid the problem of stop-and-go traffic.Researchers are now studying these insects' cooperative strategies to learn how to program self-driving cars that don't jam up.
The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the density of cars increases on a highway.At 15 vehicles per mile per lane,one driver tapping their brakes can trigger a persistent wave of congestion(拥堵).“ 47 ”says Katsuhiro Nishinari, a mathematical physicist at the University of Tokyo,who studies these jamming transitions.
Nishinari's previous research had shown that foraging(觅食)ants can maintain their flow even at high densities.In a recent study published in Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives,researchers recorded Oche　tell　us ants on searching trails. 48 They found that the ants don't jam at rush hour because they travel in groups of three to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another and they don't speed up to pass others.
49 But self-driving cars,if they one day become widespread,could have more cooperative programming.In one vision of this future,autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars to optimize traffic flow-perhaps,the researchers suggest,by prioritizing constant speeds and head ways or by not passing others on the road.
This vehicle network would be similar to ants on a trail,which use scent to coordinate behavior while interacting with one another.“There is no leader but this organization emerges anyway,"says Noa Pinter-Wollman, a behavioral scientist currently studying ants at the University of California,Los Angeles.And in both ant and vehicle traffic,this type of distributed system can be“very,very strong and resilient”,　Nishinari says.
Today's drivers can learn from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam, Nishinari says:"don't tailgate(尾随)."By leaving room between their car and the one ahead,drivers can absorb a wave of braking in heavy traffic. 50 "Just keeping away,"he says,can help traffic flow smoothly.
III.Summary Writing
Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
51.
Should you build a capsule wardrobe(胶囊衣柜)
Do you ever struggle with choosing your outfit in the morning If you have a full wardrobe yet still feel you don't have anything to wear,you might want to build yourself a capsule wardrobe!
So,what is this Put simply,a capsule wardrobe is a small selection of items of clothing that go well with each other,and are therefore interchangeable.Key to the capsule wardrobe is solid basics,like plain tops,and,ideally,neutral colors,because they make combinations easier. Consider the flexibility of a basic pair of jeans.They can be paired with sneakers and a T-shirt for a relaxed style or a jacket paired with high heels,if you want to look more sophisticated.Fashion bloggers also talk about timeless classics-picture a luxury black handbag that will suit any occasion and won't go out of style.
But why might it be beneficial to build a capsule wardrobe 　Well,by limiting your choices, it can become much easier to choose what to wear,but there is another advantage too-it can reduce the amount of fast fashion.Fast fashion refers to clothes which are trendy for just a short time,so they are quickly replaced by newer trends.This results in cheap and poor-quality clothing which has huge environmental costs as waste goes to landfill, resulting in an increase in pollution.
According to UK clothes waste charity TRAID, the average garment is worn just 10 times before long disposed of. So, having a capsule wardrobe with long-lasting and high-quality clothes should help reduce this,even if it means paying more in the first place.
　　　Building an excellent capsule wardrobe takes time and patience.But,if you want to reduce waste and have some extra time in the morning,it might be time to start building!
IV.Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets
52. 别把那个花瓶放在书架最上面，它可能会掉下来。(vase)
53. 冬日清晨，没什么比喝上一杯热气腾腾的豆浆更美妙的了。(than)
54. 这位青年画家凭借细腻的笔触，迅速获得业界青睐，订单纷至沓来。(favor)
55. 虽然这座矗立于市中心的纪念碑形制朴素，但它作为历史见证，始终塑造着我们的民 族精神，激励着后人。(Though)
V.Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
56. 当下，年轻人消费日益注重“情绪价值”,推动了以汉服、盲盒、剧场体验等为代表 的“情绪经济 (emotion economy)” 的兴起。学校英语报现举办以“我看情绪经济” 为主题的征文活动，请你以学生李华的身份投稿，分享你对这一现象的理解与思考。 请确保你的稿件包含以下内容：
1)简述对此现象的理解；
2)结合具体事例，谈谈你对此现象的看法。
(注：文中不得出现考生姓名、学校等真实个人信息。)
Keys:
Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
to 2. grabbed 3. which 4. what 5. to shot 6. have been reported 7. they 8. once/when/if 9. locking 10. harming
Section B
11. E. fixes 12. B. set 13. D. apply 14. A. shifting 15. J. decline 16. K. modeled
17. H. disrupted 18. I. signals 19. G. sensitivity 20. F. interplay
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
21. C. pick up 22. B. exposed 23. A. emergence 24. B. evolving 25. D. self-regulation
26. A. mastery 27. C. affect 28. B. similar 29. B. By contrast 30. C. unrealistic
31. A. deliberate 32. B. grasping 33. A. instinctively 34. D. strategies 35. B. For instance
Section B
36. B 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. C 41. B 42. B 43. B 44. D 45. C
46. B
Section C
47. A 48. B 49. D 50. F
III. Summary Writing
51. A capsule wardrobe consists of a limited number of interchangeable, high-quality clothing items in neutral colors, which simplifies daily outfit choices. It also helps reduce fast fashion consumption and its environmental impact by promoting durable garments over frequently discarded trendy pieces.（仅供参考）
IV. Translation（仅供参考）
52. Don’t put that vase on the top of the bookshelf, or it may fall down.
53. On a winter morning, nothing is more wonderful than having a cup of steaming hot soy milk.
54. With delicate brushstrokes, this young painter quickly gained favor in the industry, and orders poured in.
55. Though the monument standing in the city center is simple in shape, as a witness to history, it has always shaped our national spirit and inspired later generations.
V. Guided Writing
56. (参考范文)
In recent years, the “emotion economy” has gained popularity among young consumers who seek emotional satisfaction through purchases, such as Hanfu, blind boxes, and theater experiences. This trend reflects a shift from material needs to emotional and cultural fulfillment.
For instance, buying Hanfu is not just about wearing traditional clothing but also about connecting with cultural heritage and expressing identity. While this boosts cultural industries and personal happiness, it may also lead to impulsive spending or over-commercialization. Therefore, it is important for young people to balance emotional desires with rational consumption, ensuring that the emotion economy enriches life without causing financial strain or waste.

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