资源简介

(共49张PPT)
Unit 7 The natural world
八年级
译林版2024
上
单词解析二
1.act(动词起作用、行动、扮演
[用法讲解]act还可为可数名词，其复数形式为acts，译为“行动、行为、动作、举动”等。
Eg: Helping the homeless was a selfless act.
帮助无家可归者是一种无私的行为。
He acted calmly in the emergency.
他在紧急情况下表现冷静。
He acted the main hero in the play.
他在那出戏中演主角。
[常见搭配]act as ... 担任...职务
act out把...表演出来
act on对...起作用
in the act of doing sth.正在做某事的过程中
put on an act假装、装腔作势
Eg: She acted as a translator during the meeting.
她在会议室担任翻译。
The children acted out the fairy tale.
孩子们把童话故事表演了出来。
The medicine acted quickly on her cold.
这药对她的感冒很快起了作用。
I caught him in the act of stealing.
我当场抓住他正在偷东西。
She's just putting on an act to get what she wants.
她只是在装腔作势以得到她想要的东西。
[派生词] action为名词，译为“行为”;
active为形容词，译为“活跃的、活泼的”;
activity为名词，译为“活动”;
actor为名词，译为“男演员”;
actress为名词，译为“女演员”。
Eg:Thepolice are investigatingseveral actions in connection with the robbery.
警方正在调查与抢劫案有关的几起行动。
Youare expected to bean active participant.
你应该成为积极的参与者。
There is a full range of activities for children.
这里有给孩子们提供的各种活动。
Jacky Chen is a famous actor.
成龙是一名著名的男演员。
She wants to be an actress but her parents disapprove.
她想当演员，可是她父母不同意。
[即学即用]
( )This ______ would not be in accord with our policy.
A.action B. act C. active D. activity
A
2.kidney (名词) 肾脏
[用法讲解]kidney为可数名词，其复数形式为kidneys。
Eg: Each man has a pair of kidneys.
每个人都有一对肾脏。
[常见搭配]kidney failure肾衰竭
of the same kidney(脾气、性格)相同的
Eg: He was diagnosed with kidney failure last year.
他去年被诊断出肾衰竭。
They are of the same kidney, both are very kind and generous.
他们脾气相同，都很善良慷慨。
[即学即用]
Doctors removed the healthy________(肾脏) from the donor.
kidney
3.carbon dioxide(名词)二氧化碳
[用法讲解] carbon dioxide为不可数名词。
Eg: Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis.
植物在光合作用过程中吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气。
[即学即用]
Cars emit _____________(二氧化碳) into the atmosphere.
carbon dioxide
4.trap (动词)吸收、使落入险境
[用法讲解] trap作动词，还可译为“夹住”; trap还可为名词，译为“陷阱、圈套、夹子、困境”。
Eg: The gas is trapped underground.
这种气体被储存在地下。
The heavy rain trapped us in the cabin.
大雨把我们困在了小屋里。
The hunter set a trap for the rabbit.
猎人射了一个陷阱捉兔子。
The old house was a trap for mice.
这所旧房子成了老鼠的陷阱。
[常见搭配]fall into a trap落入陷阱、中圈套
be trapped in...被困在...
Eg: She fell into the trap of buying unnecessary things.
她落入了购买不必要东西的圈套。
The tourists were trapped in the mountain due to the heavy snow.
由于大雪，游客们被困在山里。
[派生词]trapped为形容词，译为“被困住的”;
trapping为名词，译为“捕捉”。
Eg: The trapped miners were finally rescued.
被困的矿工最终获救了。
His trapping skills were well - known in the village.
他的捕捉技巧在村里很有名。
[即学即用]
如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会落入圈套。
If you choose this way, you're likely to__________________.
fall into a trap
5.therefore (副词)因此
[用法讲解]therefore常表示因果关系，在句中位置灵活，但需用逗号隔开。
Eg:Therefore, the experiment was successful.
因此，实验成功了。
The data，therefore，supports;the hypothesis.
数据因此支持了假设。
[即学即用]
The weather is bad.____________(因此)， we'd better stay at home.
Therefore
6.lung (名词) 肺
[用法讲解]lung为可数名词，其复数形式为lungs。
Eg:The doctor listened to her lungs with a stethoscope.
医生用听诊器检查她的肺部。
[常见搭配]lung of the earth地球之肺
fill one's lungs with air深呼吸
Eg: The Amazon rainforest acts as the lung of the earth.
亚马孙雨林是地球之肺。
Take a deep breath to fill your lungs with fresh air.
深呼吸让肺部充满新鲜空气。
[即学即用]
Regular exercise keeps __________(肺部) healthy.
lungs
7.sadly(副词)不幸地、悲伤地
[用法讲解]sadly在句中常用来修饰动词、句子。
Eg: She smiled sadly at the old photo.
她看着旧照片悲伤地微笑。
Sadly, the concert was canceled due to rain.
遗憾的是，音乐会因雨取消了。
[派生词] sad为形容词，译为“悲伤的、伤心的”;
sadness为名词，译为“悲伤”。
Eg: She looked very sad yesterday.
她昨天看起来很悲伤。
The news filled her with sadness.
这个消息让她充满了悲伤。
[即学即用]
_______ (sad), he couldn't attend his daughter's wedding.
Sadly
8.ton (名词) 吨
[用法讲解] ton为常见重量单位。
Eg: The truck can carry up to 25 tons of cargo.
这两卡车最多能载25吨货物。
[常见搭配]a ton of译为“许多”，后面既可接可数名词复数也可接不可数名词;
tons of译为“许多、大量”，加强语气，强调数量极大。
Eg: I have a ton of work to do today.
我今天有一大堆工作要做。
We bought tons of food for the party.
我们为聚会买了很多食物。
[即学即用]
那个篮子里有很多苹果。
There is _____ _______ _______ apples in that basket.
a ton of
9.harm (动词/名词)伤害、损害
[用法讲解]harm为名词，译为“伤害”;harm也可为动词，译为“对..有害”。
Eg: Hard work never did anyone any harm.
努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。
Pollution can harm marine life.
污染会危及海洋生物。
[常见搭配] do harm to sb.对某人有害
Eg: He did harm to me intentionally.
他故意对我造成伤害。
[派生词]harmful为形容词，译为“有害的”。
Eg: Harmful chemicals were released into the air.有害化学物质被释放到空气中。
[常见搭配]be harmful to do sth.对...有害
It is harmful to do sth.做某事是有害的
Eg: Smoking is harmful to your health.
吸烟对你的健康有害。
It is harmful to drink too much alcohol.
喝太多的酒有害。
[即学即用]
1.躺在床上看书对你的眼睛是有害的。
Reading bed will _______ _____ _____your eyes.
2.Tears help to protect the eye from potentially ________ (harm) foreign bodies.
do harm to
harmful
10.wildlife (名词)野生动物
[用法讲解]wildlife为不可数名词;wildlife还可为形容词，译为“野生动物的”。
Eg: The national park is famous for its diverse wildlife.
这个国家公园以丰富的野生动物闻名。
She works at a wildlife rescue center.
她在野生动物救助中心工作。
[常见搭配]wildlife reserve野生动物保护区
Eg: This area was once a wildlife reserve.
该地区曾是一个野生动物保护区。
[派生词] wildlifer为名词，译为“野生动物工作者”。
Eg: He is a dedicated wildlifer.
他是译为敬业的野生动物工作者。
[即学即用]
Protecting ________(野生动物)requires limiting deforestation.
wildlife
11.topic (名词) 话题
[用法讲解] topic为可数名词，其复数形式为 topics，还可译为“(论文、报告等的)题目”。
Eg: We discussed many interesting topics at the meeting.
我们在会议上讨论了许多有趣的话题。
Thetopic his speech of was“Environmental Protection".
他演讲的题目是“环境保护”。
[常见搭配]main topic主要话题
hot topic热门话题
on the topic of ...关于...的话题
Eg: The main topic of the book is climate change.
这本书的主要话题是气候变化。
The hot topic at the party was the new movie.
派对上的热门话题是新电影。
He gave a speech on the topic of education reform.
他就教育改革话题发表了演讲。
[派生词] topical为形容词，译为“话题的、时事的”。
Eg: The news is very topical.
这条新闻很有时事性。
[易混辨析] topic、subject与theme区别:
topic指具体的讨论点或文章标题，更侧重于内容的聚焦点;
subject指学科或更广泛的领域，范围更大;
theme指贯穿作品或活动的核心思想，更抽象。
Eg:The topic of the conference is“Artificial Intelligence".
会议的主题是“人工智能”。
Math is my favourite subject.
数学是我最喜欢的学科。
The theme of the movie is love and sacrifice.
电影的主题是爱与牺牲。
[即学即用]
1.气候变化仍是全球热门话题。
Climate change remains a ________ _____ globally.
( )2. The _________ of his speech is renewable energy.
A.topic B. subject D.theme D. sentence
hot topic
A
12.quite a few相当多、不少
[用法讲解]quite a few常用来修饰可数名词复数，表示数量较多但未明确具体数目。
Eg: Quite a few students failed the exam this time.
这次考试有不少学生不及格。
[即学即用]
他为项目提出了不少想法。
He suggested ______ ______ ______ ideas for the project.
quite a few
13.sandy (形容词)铺满沙子的、含沙的
[用法讲解] sandy在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: The Sahara is a sandy desert.
撒哈拉是沙质沙漠。
[常见搭配]sandy beach沙滩
sandy soil沙质土壤
Eg: We spent the day at the sandy beach.
我们在沙滩上玩了一整天。
This area has sandy soil, perfect for growing carrots.
这片地区是沙质土壤，适合种胡萝卜。
[派生词] sand为名词，译为“沙子”;
sandiness为名词，译为“含沙量”。
Eg:Concrete is mixture of sand and cement.
混凝土是沙和水泥的混合物。
The sandiness of the soil affects drainage.
土壤的含沙量影响排水。
[即学即用]
The riverbed is covered with _________(sand) sediment.
sandy
14.noisy (形容词)充满噪声的、吵闹的
[用法讲解] noisy在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: The noisy children were running around the playground.
那些爱吵闹的孩子们在操场上跑来跑去。
The street below was noisy with traffic all night.
楼下的街道整夜都充斥着交通的嘈杂声。
[常见搭配]be noisy about sth.对某事吵闹、喧哗
make a noisy scene制造喧闹场面
Eg: The students were noisy about the long exam.
学生们对漫长的考试怨声载道。
He made a noisy scene when he didn't get what he wanted.
当他没得到想要的东西时，制造了一场喧闹。
[派生词]noise为不可数名词，译为“噪音”。
Eg: The loud noise from the nearby factory chafed him.
附近工厂的噪声使他烦躁。
[常见搭配] make (some) noise制造噪音
Eg: Don't make any noise, your father is sleeping.
不要制造任何噪音，你爸爸正在睡觉。
[即学即用]
1.请不要在教室里制造噪音。
Please don't__________________.
2.Can you turn down the TV It's too________ (noise).
make some noise
noisy
15.system (名词)系统、体系
[用法讲解]system为可数名词，其复数形式为systems，还可译为“身体(系统)”。
Eg:Ourcompanyusesa new computer system to manage data.
我们公司使用新的计算机系统管理数据。
The education system in this country needs reform.
这个国家的教育体系需要改革。
Too much alcohol is bad for the system.
过量饮酒对身体有害。
[常见搭配]solar system太阳系
immune system免疫系统
Eg: The solar system consists of eight planets.
太阳系由八大行星组成。
The immune system fights viruses.
免疫系统对抗病毒。
[派生词]systematic为形容词，译为“系统的、有条理的”;
systematize为动词，译为“使系统化”。
Eg: She approached the problem with a systematic plan.
她用有条理的计划解决了问题。
We need to systematize our workflow.
我们需要将工作流程系统化。
[即学即用]
They set up a new monitoring___________(系统).
system
16.cause (动词)使发生、造成、导致;(名词)原因、理由
[用法讲解] cause作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为causes，还可译为“原告、事业”。
Eg: The cause of the accident is still unknown.
事故的原因仍然不明。
The plaintiff is the cause in a civil lawsuit.
在民事诉讼中，原告是诉因方。
She devoted her life to the causeof education.
她把自己的一生奉献给了教育事业。
Smoking can cause many health problems.
吸烟会导致许多健康问题。
The war caused great suffering to the people.
战争给人们带来了巨大的痛苦。
[常见搭配]root cause根本原因
main cause主要原因
cause sb. sth.给某人带来某种影响
cause sb. to do sth.使某人做某事
in the cause of ...为了...的目的
Eg: Identifying the root cause is crucial for solving the problem.
找出根本原因对解决问题至关重要。
Pollution is a major cause of climate change.
污染是气候变化的主要原因。
The news caused her great joy.
这个消息让她非常高兴。
His speech caused the audience to applaud.
他的演讲使观众鼓掌。
They fought in the cause of freedom.
他们为了自由的目的而战。
[即学即用]
The c________ of the fire was a faulty electrical wire.
ause
17.damage(动词)损害、毁坏;(名词)损坏、损失、损害
[用法讲解] damage作名词时常为不可数名词，但在表示“赔偿金额”时可作可数名词。
Eg: Smoking damages your health.
吸烟损害健康。
The fire damaged the historic building.
火灾损坏了这座历史建筑。
The storm caused severe damage to the crops.
暴风雨对农作物造成了严重破坏。
The court awarded $ 10,000 in damages for the breach of contract.
法院因违约判决赔偿1万美元。
[常见搭配] do/ cause damage to ...对...造成损害
damage to sth.对...的损害
Be damaged by ...被...破坏
Eg: The flood caused severe damage to the crops.
洪水对农作物造成了严重损害。
The damage to the environment is irreversible.
对环境的损害是不可逆的。
The painting was damaged by moisture.
这幅画因受潮而受损。
[派生词] undamaged为形容词，译为“未受损的”。
Eg: The artifact remained undamaged.
文物完好无损。
[易混辨析] damage与destroy区别:
damage强调“部分损害或降低价值”，通常可修复;
destroy强调“彻底毁灭或无法修复”。
Eg: The vase was damaged but not broken.
花瓶受损了，但没碎。
The fire destroyed the entire building.
大火烧毁了整栋建筑。
[即学即用]
The storm d__________ the roof. We need to fix it soon.
amaged
18.north - east(名词/形容词/副词)东北、东北方的、向东北方
Eg: The wind is coming from the north-east.
风来自东北方向。(名词)
The north - east corner of the room gets the most sunlight.
房间的东北角阳光最充足。(形容词)
They sailed northeast for three days.
他们向东北航行了三天。(副词)
[常见搭配]in the north - east在东北方向/东北部
to the north - east在...的东北方
Eg: Burma is located in the north - east of Sri Lanka.
缅甸在斯里兰卡的东北方。
The village lies to the north - east of the city.
村庄位于城市的东北方。
[派生词] north - eastern为名词，译为“东北部”。
Eg: The north - eastern part of China has cold winters.
中国东北部冬季寒冷。
[即学即用]
The town is situated in the________(东北部) of the country.
north-east
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Unit 7 The natural world 单词解析二
1.act(动词起作用、行动、扮演
[用法讲解] act还可为可数名词，其复数形式为acts，译为“行动、行为、动作、举动”等。
Eg: Helping the homeless was a selfless act.
帮助无家可归者是一种无私的行为。
He acted calmly in the emergency.
他在紧急情况下表现冷静。
He acted the main hero in the play.
他在那出戏中演主角。
[常见搭配] act as ... 担任...职务
act out 把...表演出来
act on 对...起作用
in the act of doing sth.正在做某事的过程中
put on an act假装、装腔作势
Eg: She acted as a translator during the meeting.
她在会议室担任翻译。
The children acted out the fairy tale.
孩子们把童话故事表演了出来。
The medicine acted quickly on her cold.
这药对她的感冒很快起了作用。
I caught him in the act of stealing.
我当场抓住他正在偷东西。
She's just putting on an act to get what she wants.
她只是在装腔作势以得到她想要的东西。
[派生词] action为名词，译为“行为”;
active为形容词，译为“活跃的、活泼的”;
activity为名词，译为“活动”;
actor为名词，译为“男演员”;
actress为名词，译为“女演员”。
Eg: The police are investigating several actions in connection with the robbery.
警方正在调查与抢劫案有关的几起行动。
You are expected to be an active participant.
你应该成为积极的参与者。
There is a full range of activities for children.
这里有给孩子们提供的各种活动。
Jacky Chen is a famous actor.
成龙是一名著名的男演员。
She wants to be an actress but her parents disapprove.
她想当演员，可是她父母不同意。
[即学即用]
( )This ______ would not be in accord with our policy.
A.action B. act C. active D. activity
答案:A
2.kidney (名词) 肾脏
[用法讲解] kidney为可数名词，其复数形式为kidneys。
Eg: Each man has a pair of kidneys.
每个人都有一对肾脏。
[常见搭配]kidney failure 肾衰竭
of the same kidney(脾气、性格)相同的
Eg: He was diagnosed with kidney failure last year.
他去年被诊断出肾衰竭。
They are of the same kidney, both are very kind and generous.
他们脾气相同，都很善良慷慨。
[即学即用]
Doctors removed the healthy________(肾脏) from the donor.
答案: kidney
3.carbon dioxide(名词)二氧化碳
[用法讲解] carbon dioxide为不可数名词。
Eg: Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis.
植物在光合作用过程中吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气。
[即学即用]
Cars emit _____________(二氧化碳) into the atmosphere.
答案:carbon dioxide
4.trap (动词)吸收、使落入险境
[用法讲解] trap作动词，还可译为“夹住”; trap还可为名词，译为“陷阱、圈套、夹子、困境”。
Eg: The gas is trapped underground.
这种气体被储存在地下。
The heavy rain trapped us in the cabin.
大雨把我们困在了小屋里。
The hunter set a trap for the rabbit.
猎人射了一个陷阱捉兔子。
The old house was a trap for mice.
这所旧房子成了老鼠的陷阱。
[常见搭配] fall into a trap 落入陷阱、中圈套
be trapped in...被困在...
Eg: She fell into the trap of buying unnecessary things.
她落入了购买不必要东西的圈套。
The tourists were trapped in the mountain due to the heavy snow.
由于大雪，游客们被困在山里。
[派生词] trapped为形容词，译为“被困住的”;
trapping为名词，译为“捕捉”。
Eg: The trapped miners were finally rescued.
被困的矿工最终获救了。
His trapping skills were well - known in the village.
他的捕捉技巧在村里很有名。
[即学即用]
如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会落入圈套。
If you choose this way, you're likely to__________________.
答案: fall into a trap
5.therefore (副词)因此
[用法讲解] therefore常表示因果关系，在句中位置灵活，但需用逗号隔开。
Eg: Therefore, the experiment was successful.
因此，实验成功了。
The data，therefore，supports;the hypothesis.
数据因此支持了假设。
[即学即用]
The weather is bad.____________(因此)， we'd better stay at home.
答案:Therefore
6.lung (名词) 肺
[用法讲解] lung为可数名词，其复数形式为lungs。
Eg:The doctor listened to her lungs with a stethoscope.
医生用听诊器检查她的肺部。
[常见搭配]lung of the earth地球之肺
fill one's lungs with air深呼吸
Eg: The Amazon rainforest acts as the lung of the earth.
亚马孙雨林是地球之肺。
Take a deep breath to fill your lungs with fresh air.
深呼吸让肺部充满新鲜空气。
[即学即用]
Regular exercise keeps __________(肺部) healthy.
答案:lungs
7.sadly(副词)不幸地、悲伤地
[用法讲解] sadly在句中常用来修饰动词、句子。
Eg: She smiled sadly at the old photo.
她看着旧照片悲伤地微笑。
Sadly, the concert was canceled due to rain.
遗憾的是，音乐会因雨取消了。
[派生词] sad为形容词，译为“悲伤的、伤心的”;
sadness为名词，译为“悲伤”。
Eg: She looked very sad yesterday.
她昨天看起来很悲伤。
The news filled her with sadness.
这个消息让她充满了悲伤。
[即学即用]
_______ (sad), he couldn't attend his daughter's wedding.
答案:Sadly
8.ton (名词) 吨
[用法讲解] ton为常见重量单位。
Eg: The truck can carry up to 25 tons of cargo.
这两卡车最多能载25吨货物。
[常见搭配] a ton of译为“许多”，后面既可接可数名词复数也可接不可数名词;
tons of译为“许多、大量”，加强语气，强调数量极大。
Eg: I have a ton of work to do today.
我今天有一大堆工作要做。
We bought tons of food for the party.
我们为聚会买了很多食物。
[即学即用]
那个篮子里有很多苹果。
There is _____ _______ _______ apples in that basket.
答案:a ton of
9.harm (动词/名词)伤害、损害
[用法讲解]harm为名词，译为“伤害”;harm也可为动词，译为“对..有害”。
Eg: Hard work never did anyone any harm.
努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。
Pollution can harm marine life.
污染会危及海洋生物。
[常见搭配] do harm to sb.对某人有害
Eg: He did harm to me intentionally.
他故意对我造成伤害。
[派生词]harmful为形容词，译为“有害的”。
Eg: Harmful chemicals were released into the air.有害化学物质被释放到空气中。
[常见搭配]be harmful to do sth.对...有害
It is harmful to do sth.做某事是有害的
Eg: Smoking is harmful to your health.
吸烟对你的健康有害。
It is harmful to drink too much alcohol.
喝太多的酒有害。
[即学即用]
1.躺在床上看书对你的眼睛是有害的。
Reading bed will _______ _____ _____your eyes.
2.Tears help to protect the eye from potentially ________ (harm) foreign bodies.
答案:1. do harm to2. harmful
10.wildlife (名词)野生动物
[用法讲解] wildlife为不可数名词;wildlife还可为形容词，译为“野生动物的”。
Eg: The national park is famous for its diverse wildlife.
这个国家公园以丰富的野生动物闻名。
She works at a wildlife rescue center.
她在野生动物救助中心工作。
[常见搭配] wildlife reserve 野生动物保护区
Eg: This area was once a wildlife reserve.
该地区曾是一个野生动物保护区。
[派生词] wildlifer为名词，译为“野生动物工作者”。
Eg: He is a dedicated wildlifer.
他是译为敬业的野生动物工作者。
[即学即用]
Protecting ________(野生动物)requires limiting deforestation.
答案: wildlife
11.topic (名词) 话题
[用法讲解] topic为可数名词，其复数形式为 topics，还可译为“(论文、报告等的)题目”。
Eg: We discussed many interesting topics at the meeting.
我们在会议上讨论了许多有趣的话题。
The topic his speech of was“Environmental Protection".
他演讲的题目是“环境保护”。
[常见搭配] main topic 主要话题
hot topic 热门话题
on the topic of ...关于...的话题
Eg: The main topic of the book is climate change.
这本书的主要话题是气候变化。
The hot topic at the party was the new movie.
派对上的热门话题是新电影。
He gave a speech on the topic of education reform.
他就教育改革话题发表了演讲。
[派生词] topical为形容词，译为“话题的、时事的”。
Eg: The news is very topical.
这条新闻很有时事性。
[易混辨析] topic、subject与theme区别:
topic指具体的讨论点或文章标题，更侧重于内容的聚焦点;
subject指学科或更广泛的领域，范围更大;
theme指贯穿作品或活动的核心思想，更抽象。
Eg:The topic of the conference is“Artificial Intelligence".
会议的主题是“人工智能”。
Math is my favourite subject.
数学是我最喜欢的学科。
The theme of the movie is love and sacrifice.
电影的主题是爱与牺牲。
[即学即用]
1.气候变化仍是全球热门话题。
Climate change remains a ________ _____ globally.
( )2. The _________ of his speech is renewable energy.
A.topic B. subject D.theme D. sentence
答案:1.hot topic 2.A
12.quite a few相当多、不少
[用法讲解] quite a few常用来修饰可数名词复数，表示数量较多但未明确具体数目。
Eg: Quite a few students failed the exam this time.
这次考试有不少学生不及格。
[即学即用]
他为项目提出了不少想法。
He suggested ______ ______ ______ ideas for the project.
答案: quite a few
13.sandy (形容词)铺满沙子的、含沙的
[用法讲解] sandy在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: The Sahara is a sandy desert.
撒哈拉是沙质沙漠。
[常见搭配] sandy beach 沙滩
sandy soil 沙质土壤
Eg: We spent the day at the sandy beach.
我们在沙滩上玩了一整天。
This area has sandy soil, perfect for growing carrots.
这片地区是沙质土壤，适合种胡萝卜。
[派生词] sand为名词，译为“沙子”;
sandiness为名词，译为“含沙量”。
Eg:Concrete is mixture of sand and cement.
混凝土是沙和水泥的混合物。
The sandiness of the soil affects drainage.
土壤的含沙量影响排水。
[即学即用]
The riverbed is covered with _________(sand) sediment.
答案: sandy
14.noisy (形容词)充满噪声的、吵闹的
[用法讲解] noisy在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: The noisy children were running around the playground.
那些爱吵闹的孩子们在操场上跑来跑去。
The street below was noisy with traffic all night.
楼下的街道整夜都充斥着交通的嘈杂声。
[常见搭配] be noisy about sth. 对某事吵闹、喧哗
make a noisy scene 制造喧闹场面
Eg: The students were noisy about the long exam.
学生们对漫长的考试怨声载道。
He made a noisy scene when he didn't get what he wanted.
当他没得到想要的东西时，制造了一场喧闹。
[派生词]noise为不可数名词，译为“噪音”。
Eg: The loud noise from the nearby factory chafed him.
附近工厂的噪声使他烦躁。
[常见搭配] make (some) noise制造噪音
Eg: Don't make any noise, your father is sleeping.
不要制造任何噪音，你爸爸正在睡觉。
[即学即用]
1.请不要在教室里制造噪音。
Please don't__________________.
2.Can you turn down the TV It's too________ (noise).
答案:1.make some noise 2.noisy
15.system (名词)系统、体系
[用法讲解] system为可数名词，其复数形式为systems，还可译为“身体(系统)”。
Eg: Our company uses a new computer system to manage data.
我们公司使用新的计算机系统管理数据。
The education system in this country needs reform.
这个国家的教育体系需要改革。
Too much alcohol is bad for the system.
过量饮酒对身体有害。
[常见搭配] solar system 太阳系
immune system 免疫系统
Eg: The solar system consists of eight planets.
太阳系由八大行星组成。
The immune system fights viruses.
免疫系统对抗病毒。
[派生词] systematic为形容词，译为“系统的、有条理的”;
systematize为动词，译为“使系统化”。
Eg: She approached the problem with a systematic plan.
她用有条理的计划解决了问题。
We need to systematize our workflow.
我们需要将工作流程系统化。
[即学即用]
They set up a new monitoring___________(系统).
答案:system
16.cause (动词)使发生、造成、导致;(名词)原因、理由
[用法讲解] cause作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为causes，还可译为“原告、事业”。
Eg: The cause of the accident is still unknown.
事故的原因仍然不明。
The plaintiff is the cause in a civil lawsuit.
在民事诉讼中，原告是诉因方。
She devoted her life to the cause of education.
她把自己的一生奉献给了教育事业。
Smoking can cause many health problems.
吸烟会导致许多健康问题。
The war caused great suffering to the people.
战争给人们带来了巨大的痛苦。
[常见搭配] root cause 根本原因
main cause 主要原因
cause sb. sth. 给某人带来某种影响
cause sb. to do sth.使某人做某事
in the cause of ...为了...的目的
Eg: Identifying the root cause is crucial for solving the problem.
找出根本原因对解决问题至关重要。
Pollution is a major cause of climate change.
污染是气候变化的主要原因。
The news caused her great joy.
这个消息让她非常高兴。
His speech caused the audience to applaud.
他的演讲使观众鼓掌。
They fought in the cause of freedom.
他们为了自由的目的而战。
[即学即用]
The c________ of the fire was a faulty electrical wire.
答案: cause
17.damage(动词)损害、毁坏;(名词)损坏、损失、损害
[用法讲解] damage作名词时常为不可数名词，但在表示“赔偿金额”时可作可数名词。
Eg: Smoking damages your health.
吸烟损害健康。
The fire damaged the historic building.
火灾损坏了这座历史建筑。
The storm caused severe damage to the crops.
暴风雨对农作物造成了严重破坏。
The court awarded $ 10,000 in damages for the breach of contract.
法院因违约判决赔偿1万美元。
[常见搭配] do/ cause damage to ...对...造成损害
damage to sth. 对...的损害
Be damaged by ... 被...破坏
Eg: The flood caused severe damage to the crops.
洪水对农作物造成了严重损害。
The damage to the environment is irreversible.
对环境的损害是不可逆的。
The painting was damaged by moisture.
这幅画因受潮而受损。
[派生词] undamaged为形容词，译为“未受损的”。
Eg: The artifact remained undamaged.
文物完好无损。
[易混辨析] damage与destroy区别:
damage强调“部分损害或降低价值”，通常可修复;
destroy强调“彻底毁灭或无法修复”。
Eg: The vase was damaged but not broken.
花瓶受损了，但没碎。
The fire destroyed the entire building.
大火烧毁了整栋建筑。
[即学即用]
The storm d__________ the roof. We need to fix it soon.
答案:damaged
18.north - east(名词/形容词/副词)东北、东北方的、向东北方
Eg: The wind is coming from the north-east.
风来自东北方向。(名词)
The north - east corner of the room gets the most sunlight.
房间的东北角阳光最充足。(形容词)
They sailed northeast for three days.
他们向东北航行了三天。(副词)
[常见搭配] in the north - east在东北方向/东北部
to the north - east在...的东北方
Eg: Burma is located in the north - east of Sri Lanka.
缅甸在斯里兰卡的东北方。
The village lies to the north - east of the city.
村庄位于城市的东北方。
[派生词] north - eastern为名词，译为“东北部”。
Eg: The north - eastern part of China has cold winters.
中国东北部冬季寒冷。
[即学即用]
The town is situated in the________(东北部) of the country.
答案: north-east
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