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阅读理解解题技巧
之词义猜测题(一）
Reading skill
Give it a shot!
1. a fat cat
肥猫
2. when pigs fly
当猪飞起来
1. Lucy married a man who owns a big company and has millions of dollars. He is really a fat cat.
2. Peter is very lazy and he never does his homework. He can go to a university
when pigs fly.
a rich man
impossible
Let’s try again!
What do you usually do when encountering new words
skip them.
look them up with a dictionary or a dictionary pen.
guess the meanings.
高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求:
要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：
01
02
03
04
05
06
理解主旨要义；
理解文中具体信息；
根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；
做出判断和推理；
理解文章的基本结构
理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
阅读理解猜测词义题高考考情
2023-2024高考阅读理解考点统计
卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题
2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1
2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1
2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1
2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1
2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1
2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1
2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1
设问方式
1．What does the underlined word/phrase/sentence“...”in paragraph ...mean/refer to
2．Which is the closest in meaning to“...” in paragraph ...
3．Which of the following words can replace the word/phrase “...” in paragraph ...
4．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph ...suggest
Skills
How can we guess the meaning of unknown words or phrases
Overwork may cause diseases.
01
1
构词法猜词义Word Formation
n. 过度工作
合成法compounding:根据合成词组成新词如：blackboard、highway、housekeeper,...
Don't let your personal feelings cloud your judgement.
02
1
构词法猜词义Word Formation
v. 模糊
转化法conversion:把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变。高考中常考熟词生义，同学们注意积累，做题时也要结合语境进行检查。
When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him.
03
1
构词法猜词义Word Formation
adj. 无法通行的，无法通过的
派生法derivation:前缀、后缀：
dislike、rewrite、inexpensive; singer、careless...
【考例1】 (2020年新课标II卷第25题)
I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit．
...
My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring，and later．Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it．Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away — since I seldom actually kept them．Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day，and I would return the belonging．”
25．What do the underlined words “the offender” in paragraph 8 refer to
A．The student's parent． B．The maker of the Grandma's Box．
C．The author's grandchild． D．The owner of the forbidden fruit．
Can you get the meaning based on word formation
合成法
【考例2】 (2023年新高考Ⅱ卷 改编)
1. Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object----the book,represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. （ ）
A.displayed B.stood for
C.meant D.symbolized
A
转化法
Pantomime refers to a short play(戏剧) in which no words are spoken.
01
2
解释说明法猜词义 Explanation ——下定义
Direct definition 直接下定义：mean, refer to, namely 等后的内容是对前面解释说明或由that is (to say), in other words, to put it another way 引出一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词。
n. 哑剧
Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
02
2
解释说明法猜词义 Explanation ——同位语
n. 语义学
Appositive同位语：同位语是对其前的内容进行解释说明。
He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.
03
2
解释说明法猜词义 Explanation ——定语从句
n. 变戏法的人
Attributive clause定语从句：定语从句修饰和限定了先行词的内容和范畴。
You may borrow from the library any periodicals: News weekly, Reader’s Digest，The New Yorker’s.
04
2
解释说明法猜词义 Explanation ——标点符号
n. 期刊
Punctuation marks标点符号：冒号、破折号和括号等标点符号，可表示解释说明。
【考例1】（2023新课标I卷第29题）
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on.
C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
Which sentence gives us an explanation
【考例2】（2022全国乙卷第29题）
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
Which sentence gives us an explanation
健谈的，爱说话的
Mr. Green loves to talk and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
01
3
逻辑关系猜词义Logic
adj. 健谈的
类比关系：常见的表示类比关系的信号词汇：similarly、like、also、just as、as well等。
I tried hard not to make mistakes, but I slipped up.
02
3
逻辑关系猜词义Logic
出差错，疏忽
转折关系：常见的表示转折关系的信号词汇but、yet、however、while、unlike、rather than、instead(of)、unfortunately等。
Andrew is the most supercilious person I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.
03
3
逻辑关系猜词义Logic
adj. 傲慢的，高傲的
对比关系：常见的表示对比关系的信号词汇：on the contrary、while、on the other hand、in contrast等。
①All his attempts to unlock the door was futile,because he was using the wrong key.
②That museum is immense,so it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
04
3
逻辑关系猜词义Logic
adj. 徒劳的
因果关系：常见的表示因果关系的信号词汇：
因
果
adj. 极大的
because、as、since、for、due to...
so、thus、therefore、as a result、so that、lead to...
【考例1】 (2024新课标I卷第28题)
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than on screen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text.
28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
What logic relation is shown by the author
类比关系
【考例2】 (2020年新高考全国I卷第33题)
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）, its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
33. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to？
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
What logic relation is shown by the author
对比关系
Summary
Homework: design a question about word guessing.
Work in groups and present your question on the blackboard.
Provide 4 possible choices.
Give explanations about the right answers and the strategies you used.
Thanks

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