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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 4 Natural Disasters Listening and Speaking 教学设计
一、核心素养目标
1. 语言能力
掌握自然灾害相关核心词汇（如earthquake, flood, hurricane, rescue, damage, survive, affect, emergency等）及功能句型；能听懂自然灾害相关的新闻报道、对话及求救信息，精准捕捉事件、时间、地点、措施等关键细节；能运用目标语言清晰描述自然灾害场景、表达求救意愿、提出救援建议，做到语音语调自然、语句连贯、逻辑清晰。
2. 文化意识
了解中外应对常见自然灾害的不同措施与救援体系，如中国的“一方有难，八方支援”与国外的专业救援团队运作模式；体会人类在自然灾害面前的团结协作精神，树立尊重自然、敬畏生命、主动承担社会责任的意识。
3. 思维品质
通过分析听力材料中自然灾害的成因与影响，培养逻辑分析能力；在模拟求救与救援场景中，学会快速梳理信息、清晰表达需求，提升应变思维；在小组讨论中，能多角度思考灾害应对策略，培养辩证思维。
4. 学习能力
掌握“预测听力内容”“抓取关键词”“记录关键信息”的听力技巧；学会运用“联想记忆法”积累自然灾害相关词汇；积极参与合作学习活动，提升倾听、表达、协作及自主总结能力。
二、教学重难点
1. 教学重点
1. 核心词汇：earthquake（地震）、flood（洪水）、hurricane（飓风）、rescue（救援，v./n.）、damage（损害，v./n.）、survive（幸存，v.）、affect（影响，v.）、emergency（紧急情况，n.）、in ruins（沦为废墟）、set up（建立）、carry out（实施）。2. 重点句型：① 描述灾害：A terrible earthquake hit... yesterday. It caused great damage. ② 求救表达：We are trapped in the building. Please send help as soon as possible. ③ 救援建议：We should carry out rescue work immediately. They need food and water. ④ 询问情况：What happened How many people were affected 3. 听说技能：能听懂灾害相关听力材料中的时间、地点、伤亡人数、救援进展等细节；能进行灾害场景下的情景对话，语言表达准确、流畅。
2. 教学难点
1. 易混词汇辨析：① damage（部分损害，可修复）与destroy（彻底毁坏，不可修复）；② affect（及物动词，影响人/物）与effect（名词，影响，have an effect on）；③ rescue（救援，强调动作）与save（拯救，范围更广）。2. 句型运用：在紧急场景对话中，正确使用“请求”（Could you... ）、“建议”（We’d better...）、“强调紧迫性”（It’s urgent that...）等语气的句型，避免语言生硬。3. 听力突破：在较长的新闻报道中，快速过滤冗余信息，精准抓取灾害相关的关键数据与核心事件。
三、教学环节
（一）Lead-in：情境激趣，导入主题
1. 多媒体验证：播放1分钟自然灾害混剪视频（包含地震废墟、洪水淹没街道、飓风席卷房屋的画面），视频结尾出现问题：“What natural disasters did you see in the video Have you ever heard of any other natural disasters ” 2. 师生互动：① 自由发言：邀请学生用英语或中文说出视频中的灾害名称，教师逐一板书对应的英文词汇，如earthquake, flood, hurricane, tsunami等，并纠正发音。② 深度提问：“If a natural disaster happens, what’s the most important thing to do ” 引导学生说出“call for help, stay calm, save others”等，自然引出“rescue, emergency”等核心词。3. 话题过渡：教师总结：“Natural disasters are terrible, but knowing how to describe them and ask for help is very important. Today we’ll focus on listening and speaking about natural disasters.” 明确本课时主题。
（二）Pre-listening：词汇铺垫，预测内容
1. 词汇攻坚：① 分类呈现：将词汇按“灾害类型”（earthquake, flood, hurricane）、“灾害影响”（damage, destroy, injure）、“应对措施”（rescue, escape, emergency）分类，结合图片或例句讲解。如“After the earthquake, many buildings were in ruins.” 结合废墟图片理解“in ruins”。② “词汇联想”游戏：教师说出核心词“earthquake”，学生快速说出相关词汇，如“shake, ruins, rescue, survivor”，激活词汇储备。2. 句型预热：呈现3组灾害场景核心句型，教师领读，学生模仿语调：① 描述灾害发生：A strong earthquake hit Sichuan at 2:28 p.m. ② 表达求救：I’m trapped under the desk. Please help me! ③ 说明情况：About 20 people were injured, and many houses were destroyed. 3. 听力预测：展示听力材料相关图片（如地震救援现场）及题目题干，提问：“What do you think the listening material will talk about Who may be the speakers What key information should we pay attention to ” 引导学生预测“可能是救援人员与幸存者的对话，需关注地点、人员情况、救援需求”。
（三）While-listening：分层听辨，抓取信息
1. 第一遍听：泛听抓主旨。播放听力材料（如教材Listening and Speaking部分的对话或新闻），让学生完成任务：“What’s the main idea of the listening material ” A. A flood hit a village. B. A rescue team helped survivors after an earthquake. C. How to prepare for a hurricane. 师生核对答案后，引导学生总结泛听技巧——关注开头与结尾句。2. 第二遍听：精听抓细节。① 任务拆分：将学生分为两组，一组聚焦“基本信息”（when, where, what happened），一组聚焦“具体情况”（number of survivors, needs, rescue measures），学生边听边记录关键词。② 核对与补充：每组派代表分享记录的信息，教师用思维导图在黑板上整理，如“Time: last Friday; Place: a small village; Disaster: earthquake; Needs: food, water, medicine”。3. 第三遍听：细听辨细节。针对听力中的难点句或易混淆信息，如数字、地名，单独播放相关片段，让学生再次确认。如听力中提到“About 50 people were rescued, and 12 are still missing”，单独播放该句，确保学生准确捕捉数字。
（四）Post-listening：以听促说，情境运用
1. 句型操练：“情景接龙”活动。教师设定场景：“An earthquake just happened, and you are a reporter interviewing a survivor.” 教师扮演记者：“Excuse me, could you tell me what happened when the earthquake started ” 学生A扮演幸存者：“I was cooking at home. The house began to shake violently. I quickly hid under the table.” 学生B接：“After the earthquake, I found I was trapped. I shouted for help loudly.” 依次接龙，教师引导使用目标句型。2. 小组合作：情景模拟。① 场景设置：提供3个场景，各组任选其一：a. 幸存者与救援人员的对话（幸存者说明需求，救援人员告知救援计划）；b. 同学间讨论如何为灾区捐款捐物；c. 制定班级“自然灾害应急小方案”。② 任务要求：每组4人，分工扮演不同角色，对话时长2-3分钟，需运用至少5个核心词汇和3个重点句型。③ 小组准备：教师巡视，为有困难的小组提供句型支架，如“Could you provide us with... ”“We plan to... to help the survivors.” 3. 展示与点评：邀请2-3组上台展示，教师从“词汇运用、句型准确性、语音语调、情境贴合度”四个方面点评，如表扬“ They used ‘trapped’ and ‘rescue’ correctly, and the dialogue sounds natural.” 并纠正如“He destroy the house”应为“He destroyed the house”等错误。
（五）Summary and Extension：总结提升，情感升华
1. 知识总结：师生共同梳理本课时核心内容，学生用自己的话总结“自然灾害听说课的重点词汇与句型”，教师补充完善，强调“damage与destroy的区别”“affect与effect的用法”等难点。2. 情感引导：播放“汶川地震救援感人瞬间”短片，提问：“What can we learn from the people in the video ” 学生发言后，教师总结：“Natural disasters are cruel, but love and courage can help us get through difficulties. We should learn disaster prevention knowledge and be ready to help others.” 3. 拓展任务：① 个人任务：回家后用英语向家人介绍“3条地震逃生小技巧”，并记录家人的反馈。② 小组任务：下节课前，每组准备一份“班级自然灾害应急手册”（英文），包含应急电话、逃生路线、物资准备等内容。
四、重点知识归纳
1. 核心词汇
（1）灾害类型名词：earthquake（地震）、flood（洪水）、hurricane（飓风）、tsunami（海啸）、typhoon（台风）、drought（干旱）。（2）灾害影响相关词：① 动词：damage（损害，sth. be damaged）、destroy（毁坏，sth. be destroyed）、injure（受伤，sb. be injured）、kill（杀死，sb. be killed）、affect（影响，affect sb./sth.）；② 名词：damage（损害，不可数，do damage to）、loss（损失，heavy losses）、ruin（废墟，in ruins）、survivor（幸存者）、victim（受害者）。（3）应对与救援相关词：① 动词：rescue（救援，rescue sb.）、save（拯救，save lives）、escape（逃跑，escape from）、provide（提供，provide sth. for sb.）、carry out（实施，carry out rescue work）；② 名词：rescue（救援，a rescue team）、emergency（紧急情况，in an emergency）、aid（援助，first aid）；③ 短语：set up（建立，set up a shelter）、give away（捐赠，give away clothes）、call for（呼吁，call for help）。（4）形容词：dangerous（危险的）、violent（猛烈的，violent shaking）、homeless（无家可归的，homeless people）、urgent（紧急的，an urgent matter）。
2. 重点句型
（1）描述灾害发生：① A + 形容词 + 灾害名词 + hit/struck + 地点 + 时间. 例：A terrible flood struck the city last summer. ② 地点 + was + 形容词 + 介词 + 灾害名词. 例：The village was in ruins after the earthquake. （2）表达求救与需求：① I’m trapped... Could you send help immediately 例：I’m trapped in the lift. Could you send help immediately ② We are in great need of... 例：The survivors are in great need of food and water. （3）提出建议与措施：① We should/had better... 例：We should stay calm when a natural disaster happens. ② It’s important/urgent that we... 例：It’s urgent that we carry out the rescue work right now. （4）询问与回答情况：① -What’s the situation in... -About... people were injured, and... houses were damaged. ② -How did the disaster affect the local people -Many of them became homeless and had to live in shelters. （5）易混句型区分：① 被动语态的使用：灾害影响往往用被动，如“Houses were destroyed”而非“Houses destroyed”；② 强调句：It was at 2 p.m. that the earthquake hit the area.（强调时间）
3. 听说技巧
（1）听力技巧：① 预测技巧：根据题目、图片、关键词预测听力内容，明确听的目标；② 抓取关键词：重点关注时间（last week, at 3 p.m.）、地点（in the village, on the coast）、数字（50 people, 10 houses）、动作（rescued, trapped）等关键信息；③ 记录技巧：用缩写、符号快速记录，如“EQ”代表earthquake，“→”代表lead to。（2）口语技巧：① 情境语调：求救时用升调表急切，如“Can you help me ↑”；陈述情况时用降调表肯定，如“The house is shaking.↓”；② 衔接词使用：用“First, Then, Finally”“What’s more, Besides”等衔接词使表达更连贯；③ 应急表达：记住常用应急电话相关表达，如“Please call 119 for fire rescue.”
五、练习题
1. 词汇运用：根据句意及首字母提示或汉语提示填写单词，使句子完整通顺。
（1）A strong h________ hit the coastal city last night, blowing down many trees and houses. （2）After the earthquake, the whole town lay in r________, and people had nowhere to live. （3）The rescue team tried their best to save the people t________ under the collapsed building. （4）The flood caused heavy ________（损失）to the local agriculture. （5）It’s reported that over 200 people were ________（受伤）in the traffic accident caused by the typhoon. （6）The government decided to ________（建立）a shelter for the homeless people after the disaster. （7）In an ________（紧急情况）, you should keep calm and call the emergency number. （8）The storm ________（影响）thousands of people, making them lose their homes. （9）The doctors and nurses worked day and night to ________（拯救）the lives of the survivors. （10）We should ________（捐赠）some clothes and food to the people in the disaster-stricken area.
2. 句型转换：按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。
（1）A violent earthquake hit the small village last Monday.（改为被动语态）The small village ________ ________ ________ a violent earthquake last Monday. （2）We should carry out rescue work immediately.（改为同义句）It’s ________ that we ________ ________ rescue work immediately. （3）The flood destroyed hundreds of houses.（改为否定句）The flood ________ ________ hundreds of houses. （4）The survivors need food and water badly.（改为同义句）The survivors are ________ ________ ________ food and water. （5）He was trapped in the building because the earthquake happened suddenly.（对划线部分提问）________ ________ he trapped in the building
3. 听力理解模拟：根据以下听力材料（文字版），完成后面的题目。
听力材料：News Report A 　　Good afternoon, this is the latest news. A strong typhoon named “Luna” hit the southern coast of China at 8 a.m. today. The typhoon brought heavy rain and strong winds of up to 120 kilometers per hour. According to the local government, so far, 15 people have been injured, and no one has been killed. About 300 houses have been damaged, and 50 families have been moved to safe shelters. The government has sent three rescue teams to the affected area. They are providing food, water and medicine for the local people. The weather department says that the typhoon will move north in the next 24 hours, and the rain will stop gradually. （6）When did Typhoon “Luna” hit the southern coast of China A. At 8 a.m. yesterday. B. At 8 a.m. today. C. At 8 p.m. today. D. At 8 p.m. yesterday. （7）How many people have been killed by the typhoon so far A. None. B. 15. C. 50. D. 300. （8）What is the rescue team doing in the affected area A. They are repairing the damaged houses. B. They are moving people to the north. C. They are providing necessary supplies. D. They are predicting the typhoon’s movement.
4. 口语情景仿写：根据以下情景，仿写一段对话，不少于8句。
情景：Student A’s hometown was hit by a flood last week. Student B is asking about the situation and showing concern. Student A is talking about the disaster and the help they received.
5. 阅读理解：阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
Natural disasters are unexpected and destructive. Among them, earthquakes are one of the most terrible. When an earthquake happens, the ground shakes violently. This can cause buildings to collapse, roads to break and fires to start. In 2008, a big earthquake hit Wenchuan, Sichuan. It caused heavy losses—thousands of people lost their lives, and millions became homeless. However, in the face of the disaster, people from all over China showed great courage and love. Rescue teams rushed to the area immediately. Doctors and nurses worked day and night to save the injured. Many people donated money, clothes and food to help the survivors. The government set up temporary shelters and provided basic supplies for the people. With the help of the whole nation, Wenchuan gradually recovered. This experience tells us that unity is strength. When we face natural disasters together, we can overcome any difficulty. （9）What is the main idea of the passage A. Earthquakes are the most terrible natural disasters. B. The Wenchuan earthquake caused heavy losses. C. Unity helps people get through natural disasters. D. How to prepare for an earthquake. （10）What did people NOT do to help Wenchuan after the earthquake A. Rescue teams went to the area quickly. B. People donated money and supplies. C. The government built permanent houses immediately. D. Doctors and nurses saved the injured day and night.
六、参考答案及解析
1. 词汇运用
（1）hurricane 解析：句意为“昨晚一场强飓风袭击了这座沿海城市，吹倒了许多树和房屋”。结合“沿海城市”“吹倒树木房屋”及首字母h，可知是“飓风”，填hurricane。（2）ruins 解析：句意为“地震后，整个小镇沦为废墟，人们无处可住”。“沦为废墟”为固定短语in ruins，填ruins。（3）trapped 解析：句意为“救援队尽全力营救被困在倒塌建筑下的人们”。“被困的”为trapped，此处作后置定语修饰people，填trapped。（4）losses 解析：“损失”为loss，heavy修饰时常用复数形式heavy losses，填losses。（5）injured 解析：“受伤的”为injured，此处用于被动语态“be injured”，填injured。（6）set up 解析：“建立”为set up，decide to后接动词原形，填set up。（7）emergency 解析：“紧急情况”为emergency，an后接可数名词单数，填emergency。（8）affected 解析：句意为“暴风雨影响了数千人，使他们无家可归”。“影响”为affect，结合语境可知用一般过去时，填affected。（9）save 解析：“拯救”为save，不定式符号to后接动词原形，填save。（10）give away 解析：“捐赠”为give away，should后接动词原形，填give away。
2. 句型转换
（1）was hit by 解析：原句为主动语态“地震袭击小镇”，改为被动语态“小镇被地震袭击”，一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，主语the small village为单数，填was hit by。（2）urgent; carry out 解析：原句“我们应该立即开展救援工作”，改为“立即开展救援工作很紧急”，“紧急的”为urgent，“开展”为carry out，It’s urgent that...后接动词原形，填urgent; carry out。（3）didn’t destroy 解析：原句为一般过去时，否定句需借助助动词didn’t，后接动词原形destroy，填didn’t destroy。（4）in great need of 解析：“need sth. badly”与“be in great need of sth.”均表示“急需某物”，为同义转换，填in great need of。（5）Why was 解析：划线部分“because the earthquake happened suddenly”是原因，用why提问；原句是被动语态，be动词was提前，填Why was。
3. 听力理解模拟
（6）B 解析：听力材料中明确提到“A strong typhoon named ‘Luna’ hit the southern coast of China at 8 a.m. today.”，可知台风在今天早上8点袭击了中国南部沿海，故选B。（7）A 解析：材料中提到“so far, 15 people have been injured, and no one has been killed.”，“no one”表示“没有人死亡”，故选A。（8）C 解析：根据“They are providing food, water and medicine for the local people.”可知，救援队在提供食物、水、药品等必要物资，A“修理受损房屋”、B“把人们转移到北方”、D“预测台风移动”均未提及，故选C。
4. 口语情景仿写
参考对话： B: Hi, A. I heard your hometown was hit by a flood last week. Are you and your family okay A: Thanks for asking. We are fine, but many houses in my hometown were damaged. B: I’m so sorry to hear that. What happened exactly A: It rained heavily for three days. The river nearby rose quickly and flooded the streets. B: That sounds terrible. Were you trapped at home A: Yes, we were. The water was up to the knees outside. We couldn’t go out for food. B: How did you get help A: The government sent rescue teams soon. They brought us food, water and took us to a safe shelter. B: That’s good. Do you need any help from us A: No, thanks. But I really appreciate your concern. B: You’re welcome. I hope your hometown will recover soon. A: I believe so with the help of everyone. 解析：对话围绕“洪水灾害”展开，B询问情况并表达关心，A描述灾害过程、自身经历及获得的帮助，运用了“be hit by”“be trapped”“send rescue teams”等核心词汇，以及“Are you okay ”“I’m sorry to hear that.”等交际用语，符合情景要求，语句连贯。
5. 阅读理解
（9）C 解析：短文先介绍地震的破坏性及汶川地震的损失，随后重点讲述全国人民如何帮助汶川，最后总结“团结就是力量，共同面对就能战胜困难”，A“地震是最可怕的灾害”、B“汶川地震损失惨重”均为细节，D“如何为地震做准备”未提及，故选C。（10）C 解析：短文中提到“Rescue teams rushed to the area immediately.”（A选项）、“Many people donated money, clothes and food”（B选项）、“Doctors and nurses worked day and night to save the injured.”（D选项），而C选项“政府立即建造永久住房”与文中“set up temporary shelters（搭建临时避难所）”不符，故选C。
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