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人教版2019必修第一册
Unit 5
Languages Around the World
Discovering Useful Structures
Learning objectives:
At the end of this lesson, students are able to:
1. To learn the attributive clause introduced by relative adverbs and pronouns+ relative pronouns.
2. To differentiate relative adverb from relative pronouns.
3. Identify and summarize the function of relative adverbs in restrictive relative clauses.
4. Describe one of your favourite memories with restrictive relative clauses.
Lead-in:
Review: What is a restrictive clause structure
在复合句中, 修饰某一 _____ 或 _____ 的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫 _______ , 定语从句一般放在先行词的_____ , 引导定语从句的词叫做 _______。
先行词
后面
关系词
名词
代词
先行词
关系词
定语从句
+
+
关系代词
关系副词

（which, who, whom…）
（where, when, why）
关系 代词 指代 在定语从句中所充当的成分
人 物 句子 主语 宾语 定语
who
whom
which
that
whose















The usage of the relative pronouns
Relative adverbs:
作状语，即从句成分齐全，不缺主，宾，表，定语。
定语从句除了用关系代词引导外，还可由关系副词when, where, why引导，一般代替先行词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。
关系副词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why 一般为reason 原因状语
Relative adverbs:
总结关系副词的作用：
指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词
连接主句和从句
在从句中充当句子成分—状语
Relative adverbs:
如何区分关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句。
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时, 关系词在定语从句中作状语时, 用关系副词;
若关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语时, 则用关系代词。
方法：分析从句句子成分
Relative adverbs:关系副词(when, where, why)
1. when引导的定语从句。
when 表示时间,引导的从句修饰时间名词（如：day, time, week, month, year等),代替先行词在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first met him.
我仍然记得第一次见到他的那一天。
The time when we got together finally arrived.
我们团聚的时刻终于到了。
注意:若时间名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语,则用which或that引导。
I'll never forget the days which/that we spent inthe small village.
Relative adverbs:关系副词(when, where, why)
2. where引导的定语从句。
where表示地点(具体地点 (如：place, house, airport等),抽象地点 (如：point， case， activity， situation， position， occasion， platform， email，stage，scene等) ,引导的从句修饰地点名词。where在从句中作地点状语。
This is the house where I lived when I was young
这是我年轻时住过的房子。
i visited the farm where a lot of cows were kept.
我参观了那个养了很多奶牛的农场
注意:若地点名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语,则用which或 that。
Is this the farm which/that you visited last week
这是你们上周参观过的那个农场吗
The park which/that attracts the most visitorswill be closed.
吸引参观者最多的那个公园将会关闭。
Relative adverbs:关系副词(when, where, why)
3. why引导的定语从句。
why表示原因,引导的从句修饰名词reason,在从句中作原因状语。
注意
reason后的定语从句的引导词若在从句中作主语或宾语,则用which或that。
The reason which/that he explained at the meeting was not sound.
他在会议上解释的原因并不充分
He didn't tell me the reason why he was absentfrom the meeting yesterday.
他没有告诉我昨天为什么没有出席会议。
I don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
我不知道他今天为什么看上去不高兴。
Relative adverbs:关系副词(when, where, why)
4. 总结when, where, why引导的定语从句。
如果表示时间、地点、原因的先行词在定语从句中做时间、地点或原因状语，关系词要用关系副词when，where，why。如果先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which
关系代词和关系副词的选用
定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可以用以下两种方法判断:
方法 依据 例句
根据从句的谓语动词 1.如果谓语动词后面无宾语，谓语动词是及物动词,用关系代词;如果是不及物动词则用关系副词。 2.如果谓语动词后面有宾语，关系词用关系副词 This is the factory where he used to work.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(work是不及物动词)
This is the factory that/which we visited last year.这是我们去年参观过的那家工厂。(visit是及物动词)
根据先行词在从句中作的成分 把先行词放进定语从句中,若作主语或者宾语用关系代词;作状语则用关系副词。 Is this the factory that/which you visited a few days ago
这就是你几天前参观的那家工厂吗 (factory 在从句中作宾语)
Is this the factory where the computer was made
这就是生产这台电脑的工厂吗 (factory 在从句中作地点状语)
Relative adverbs:
5. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
1. when相当于“ at/in/on/during等 + which”
I remember the day ________________ I settled in China.
2. where 相当于“ in/at/on等 + which”
The house ________________ Mark lived is now a library.
3. why 相当于“for + which”
Is that the reason ______________ she suddenly changed her mind
1. 关系副词when，where，why引导定语从句时，也可用“介词+which”代替关系副词。
when (=on which)
where (=in which)
why (=for which)
2.在定语从句中,当关系代词作介词的宾语时,既可以把介词移到关系代词的前面,也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。
This is the room in which we lived last year.
=This is the room which we lived in last year.
这就是我们去年居住的房间。
Who's the man with whom you just shook hands
=Who's the man whom you just shook hands with
刚才和你握手的那个男人是谁
5. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
3.“介词十关系代词”结构中的关系代词只能用whom或which,不可用 that。当介词跟在动词之后不前移时,关系代词可以用that。
The old Olympic Games from which the modern games began around the year 776 BCE in Greece
古代奥运会于公元前 776年始于希腊,现代奥运会就起源于那里。
What did the football player to whom you were talking want 刚才和你谈话的那个运动员想要什么
The pencil with which he was writing broke.
=The pencil which/that he was writing with broke
他写字用的铅笔折了
5. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
选用介词的依据
1. 根据先行词的搭配，, 从句中的动词、形容词等的搭配 (即固定短语)。
(1)Yesterday we visited the West Lake ___________ Hangzhou is famous.
(2) He is the student___________we should learn.
(3) I remember the days ____________I lived here.
(4) I can’t remember the age _________ he won the prize.
2. 根据句子的意思来选择。
(5) This is the pilot _________ my brother has worked for ten years.
(6) This is the pilot ___________ my son was saved.
for which
from whom
during which
at which
with whom
by whom
4.固定动词短语中的介词通常不能提前,如:look for，look after、listen to、look at、depend on、pay for、attention to, take care of, take part in、make use of. catch up with、get along with、hear of等,即不能转化成“介词十关系代词”结构。
Is this the book which she was looking for
这是她在寻找的那本书吗
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.
保育员们照看的那些婴儿们很健康。
This is the girl whom he will take care of.
这就是他要照看的那个女孩。
5. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
Relative adverbs:
5. “名词，不定代词或数词 + of + which (指物)/whom (指人)”在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。
1. China has lots of islands, ____________ is Hainan Island.
2. The building had been repaired, _________________ was
destroyed again in a big fire.
3. Miss Liu has a lot of students, ______________ are girls.
one of which
the roof of which
some of whom
5. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
6.“介词十关系代词”后接不定式短语作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。
Allow me half an hour in which to wash the clothes.=Allow me half an hour in which I can wash the clothes.
给我半小时洗衣服。
He has a knife with which to defend himself.
=He has a knife with which he can defend himself.
他有一把用于自卫的刀子。
5. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
Relative adverbs:
5. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
1、介词选择的三原则：一先二动三意义。
一先：根据先行词的搭配习惯来确定。
二动：根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯来确定。
三意义：根据从句所表达的意义来确定。
定语从句三步解体法：
一、划出定语从句；
二、判断关系词在从句中做的成分———主宾表：关系代词；状：关系副词
三、根据先行词确定关系词
定
语
从
句
的
引
导
词
关系代词
关系副词
指人
指物
that(主语/宾语/表语), who(主语/宾语), whom(宾语), whose(定语)，as(主语/宾语/表语)
that(主语、宾语), which(主语、宾语), whose(定语)
where (地点状语)
when (时间状语)
why (原因状语)
Ps:关系词在从句中做状语时，连接词有时可以用介词+which/whom来替换关系副词
Important points:
考点二：关系代词or关系副词
1. I will never forget the day _______ we spent together.
2. I will never forget the day ______ we met the first time.
which/that
when
3.This is the place _________ I love very much.
4.This is the place ________ I have stayed for three years.
that/which
where
5.The reason _______ the teacher was happy was that we gave a good performance.
6. The reason_______ he explained is acceptable.
why
that
Important points:
考点三：定语从句or强调句型
1. It is September _____ I began to study in Huanggang Middle school.
2. It is in September _____ I began to study in Huanggang Middle school.
when
that
指原因
关系代词
指代事物
指时间
指地点
所属关系
指代人
关系副词
who, whom, that
which, that
whose, of which
where
when
why
Summary
人教版2019必修第一册
Discovering Useful Structures
Unit 5 Languages Around the World

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