资源简介

(共50张PPT)
外研版
Book 4 Unit 5 Revealing nature
to make known something that was previously secret or unknown
What do you expect to encounter in this unit
sTarting out
What can you see in this picture
Activity 1 Lead-in
The seeds of a dandelion are being carried away like parachutes by the wind.
Watch the video and answer the following questions.
What seeds are mentioned
How can they travel
How can this benefit plants
Activity 2 Watch and answer
Seeds can travel great distances by being carried by the _________ , upon the __________, __________ or __________.
wind
water
animals
people
How can they travel
Seeds have a __________ chance at life when they are ________away from their parent plant. Growing too _________ to the parent plant means seeds might not get enough _______, ________ and nutrients from the _______.
A species is ________ likely to _________ if its members are more ________ spread.
better
further
close
sun
water
soil
more
survive
widely
How can this benefit plants
Activity 3 Speaking
Can you think of another example of seeds travelling
Listen to the video and fill in the blanks.
Activity 4 Listening
How Seeds Travel
Plants cannot move from place to place,but seeds can. They can travel great distances. They may be carried by the wind or upon the water. They may also be carried by animals or people. Seeds that are carried by the wind often have special shapes. Maple seeds have wings that spin and keep them in the air for longer, allowing them to land in all kinds of places. Depending on the strength of the wind, they can sometimes travel for hundreds of kilometres.
Coconuts are carried along by ocean currents. When a coconut falls from a tree onto the beach, the sea picks it up at high tide and carries it away to grow somewhere else. Its hard shell allows it to float on the water for a long time. Another way for seeds to travel is through the digestive systems of animals. Many plants produce fleshy fruits that animals like to eat. The animal receives the nutrients of the fruit, but it does not digest the seed, which is passed out some time later. Of course,animals move,so the seed can easily end up a long way away from the parent plant, especially if the fruit is eaten by a bird.
In fact, seeds have a better chance at life when they are further away from their parent plant. Growing too close to the parent plant means seeds might not get enough sun, water and nutrients from the soil. Also, a species is more likely to survive if its members are more widely spread. That's why nature has come up with all sorts of different ways for seeds to travel.
How and why seeds travel are just some examples of the wonderful ways in which nature works. Perhaps we can learn something from the natural world by branching out and exploring the various wonders of nature.
脊椎动物
What animals are you interested in Discuss with your group about the animals you are interested in.
Activity 5 Lead-in
Komodo dragon /k 'm ud u/
platypus / pl t p s/
Nautilus / n t l s/
Activity 5 Lead-in
What do you know about these animals
Komodo dragon /k 'm ud u/
platypus / pl t p s/
Nautilus / n t l s/
the largest lizard on Earth
may encounter them in Australia and Indonesia
inspire the name of a submarine in a sci-fi classic
one of the world’s weirdest mammals
often considered a “living fossil”
date back to about 100,000 years ago
Activity 6 Reading
Read the text and match the information with them.
Komodo dragon（科莫多巨蜥）
Komodo dragons were first encountered by Western researchers in 1910. The researchers said the ancestor of the Komodo dragon most likely evolved in Australia and spread westward, reaching the Indonesian island of Flores 900,000 years ago.
The Komodo dragon is the largest lizard in the world. It can grow to three metres in length and can weigh about 135 kilograms. Despite its size and weight, it can run for short distances at up to 20 kilometres per hour.
Activity 6 Reading
Duck-billed platypus（鸭嘴兽）
The first scientists to examine a preserved platypus body judged it a fake in the late 18th century. The oldest discovered fossil of the modern platypus dates back to about 100,000 years ago.
The duck-billed platypus is a small egg-laying mammal (up to 60cm in length) found only in Eastern Australia including Tasmania. As its name suggests, it has a mouth that looks like a duck’s bill, while its thick fur and flat tail are similar to those of a beaver.
Activity 6 Reading
Nautilus（鹦鹉螺）
Fossil records indicate that the nautilus has survived relatively unchanged for around 500 million years. It is often considered a “living fossil”.
As one of the oldest sea animals in the world, the nautilus has hardly changed in about 500 million years, and that is why it is often given the name “living fossil”.
Activity 6 Reading
What do they have in common
They are __________ animals today.
They are all living __________.
They all have high ___________ value.
They open a window for us to see _________ .
They are living proofs to ___________.
the past
Activity 7 After reading
unusual/rare
fossils
research
evolution
外研版
Book 4 Unit 5 Revealing nature
Understanding ideas
A Journey of Discovery
paramecium
/ p r mi s m/
草履虫
earthworm / θ w m/
蚯蚓
fern /f n/
蕨类植物
moss /m s/
苔藓类植物
algae / ld i /
藻类植物
angiosperm / nd sp m/
被子植物
gymnosperm / d mn sp m/
裸子植物
jellyfish
starfish
snail
crab
fish
tortoise
bird
zebra
human
frog
environmental changes
population immigration
genetic mutation
cultural preferences
...
lower forms of life
higher forms of life
e
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
Activity 1 Lead-in
1. What species do you recognise on the evolutionary tree
2. What factors can cause the process of evolution
Charles Darwin
If a friend of yours is curious about evolution, which famous person do you recommend him
Activity 1 Lead-in
Charles Darwin and his Theory of Evolution
Charles Darwin (1809 –1882) was an English geologist and naturalist. In his famous book On the Origin of Species, Darwin proposed the theory that organisms (individual life forms) evolve extremely slowly. He stated that the organisms that were better suited to their environment would survive and pass on their favourable characteristics to the next generation, while the less suitable organisms would gradually die out. He called this process “natural selection”.
Activity 1 Lead-in
Charles Darwin and Theory of Evolution
What’s the story behind Darwin’s discovery of Theory of Evolution
Turn to P66 and step on Darwin’s journey of discovery!
Task 1. Find the structure of the passage after reading it.
Activity 2 Fast reading
Para. 7:
Para. 2 & 3:
Para. 5:
Para. 6:
A journey of Discovery
Para. 1:
Para. 4:
Activity 2 Fast reading
Before--During--After
Darwin generated ideas.
He collected evidence.
Background information of Darwin’s journey
He developed his ideas.
Darwin published On the Origin of Species, where he explained
theory of evolution.
Significance of On the Origin of Species and Darwin’s contribution
to the world.
Task 1.
the structure:
Darwin’s interest in various living things made him a great naturalist.
B. Darwin’s journey on the Beagle inspired his Theory of Evolution.
C. Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans had
evolved over time.
pun
双关
Task 2. Choose the main idea of the passage and give your reasons. (Ex3)
Activity 2 Fast reading
He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831.
Task 3. What is the genre of the passage
A narrative in time order
When the Beagle reached the Galapagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety of new species, …)
…
Activity 2 Fast reading
1 The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”. The person who answered the call was not the captain’s first choice. It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree. What’s more, he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”. Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.
Q1. What’s the function of “Despite all this”
Q2. What’s the role of Para. 1 in picturing Darwin’s discovery
Activity 3 Careful reading
“Despite all this” suggests that what to follow is of greater significance than what has been mentioned: the sentence to come is what the author truly wants to emphasize.
It sets the background of Darwin’s journey of discovery.
1 The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”. The person who answered the call was not the captain’s first choice. It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree. What’s more, he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”. Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.
Q3. What are the labels on young Darwin
Activity 3 Careful reading
In captain’s eyes: left medical school without completing his degree-->have poor academic ability and lack determination and self-discipline --> not the first choice
In his father’s eyes: a disgrace to himself and all his family --> little understanding, expectation or recognition from family--> poor family relationship
2 The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals. He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments. After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected. As he studied these, he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist
Q4. What role did the ship Beagle play in Darwin’s journey of discovery
The journey on Beagle gave Darwin the chance to study various living things in their natural environments.
Q5. What contribute(s) to Darwin’s asking himself this question
He had always been fascinated by plants and animals.
Studying the samples of the plants and animals in South America was the direct contributing factor.
Activity 3 Careful reading
3 At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since. But Darwin began to think differently. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other. Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments It was just an idea, but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence.
Q6. What qualities of Darwin can you conclude from this paragraph？
daring to question instead of following blindly
observant
innovative thinking and pioneering spirit
spirit of scientific exploration
Activity 3 Careful reading
4 When the Beagle reached the Galapagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety of new species, but it was the birds that interested him the most. Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands. It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.
Q7. What caused Darwin to make his guess
5 Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before. Over time, it had slowly evolved into many new species. And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist: they evolved from earlier ancestors.
Q8. Which sentence of previous paragraphs does the underlined sentence echo (呼应)
The last sentence of Para. 2: He asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist
Activity 3 Careful reading
6 It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution. Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species. It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm. Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life. They were shocked. But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.
Q10. Why did Darwin not publish his Theory of
Evolution until 1859, about twenty years
after his discovery
Q9. What were people’s reactions to Darwin’s theory
Activity 3 Careful reading
7 Today, On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written. It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever. And it all began with the journey on the Beagle.
Q11. What is the significance of On the Origin of Species
Activity 3 Careful reading
Number the puzzle pieces in order and complete the blanks. (Ex4)
1
2
3
4
5
Activity 4 After reading
1
various living things in their natural environments and samples of the plants and animals he had collected
very similar to each other
Number the puzzle pieces in order and complete the blanks. (Ex4)
Activity 4 After reading
2
3
come to exist
Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments
that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands
had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island
Number the puzzle pieces in order and complete the blanks. (Ex4)
Activity 4 After reading
4
5
slowly evolved into many new species
had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before
had evolved from lower forms of life.
Number the puzzle pieces in order and complete the blanks. (Ex4)
Activity 4 After reading
Activity 5 Speaking
How do you think the human species will evolve in the future
What have you learnt about the spirit of scientific exploration How can this spirit help you in your life and studies
Group Discussion
--To be continued
Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals. He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance 1________ (study) various living things in their natural environments. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar 2___ each other.
At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and 3_______________ (change) since. But Darwin began to think differently.
When the ship reached the Galapagos Islands in 1835, it 4______ (be) the birds that interested him the most. He suspected that those different 5_______ (finch) had evolved from a common ancestor, 6_______ had arrived on the islands a long time before.
It was a 7__________ (complete) new idea — a theory of evolution. Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species. Many people refused to believe that living things, 8_________ (include) humans, had evolved from lower forms of life. But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing 9_____ more and more people started to believe his theory.
Today, the book is regarded as one of the most important works ever 10_______ (write).
to study
to
had not changed
was
finches
which
Activity 6 Revision
completely
including
that
written
响应号召
是耻辱 / 丢脸的事
有史以来；一直以来
讨论中的；所说的 / 有疑问；不确定
挤满了
开始存在
Important phrases
种类繁多的；各种各样的
据（……所说）；依照；根据
怀疑某人做某事
引起轰动
和……相似
Activity 6 Revision
answer the call
be a disgrace to
of all time
in question
be crowded with
come to exist
a variety of
according to
suspect sb of doing sth
cause a storm
be similar to
distant adj. 遥远的，久远的；冷淡的，疏远的；远房的，远亲的
a ____________ 久远的记忆 my ___________ 我的远房表亲
distant memory
distant cousin
____________ n. 距离；久远; 遥远；疏远
___________________在远处
___________________从远处
_________________ (of ... )在/从……远的地方(of后跟具体的距离)
①The picture looks beautiful _____________. 那幅画远看很美。
②Farther ________________, I could enjoy the view of snowy mountains.
往远处看，我可以欣赏白雪皑皑的群山。
___________ adv. 遥远地；模糊地
in the distance
from a distance
at/from a distance
at a distance
in the distance
distantly
distance
predict vt. 预言；预告；预报
predict+that/wh- 从句... 预言……
___________________... 据预测/据预报……
_______________ n. 预言，预测
_______________ adj.可预见的，可预料的
_______________ adj.不可预料的
It is predicted that
prediction
predictable
unpredictable
disgrace n.丢脸，耻辱 v. 丢脸；使蒙羞
be a disgrace (to sb/sth) 是耻辱，是丢脸的事
in disgrace 为人所不齿；失宠
disgrace oneself 使某人自己丢脸/蒙羞
_______________ adj.不名誉的，可耻的
_______________ n.优雅，高雅=elegance
disgraceful
grace
of all time “有史以来，历史上”，常与形容词最高级连用。
e.g. He is universally recognized as _________________________________.
世界公认他是有史以来最伟大的科学家之一。
拓展：_________ 一直，始终
_________ 及时
_________ 准时
_________ 有时
_________ 曾经
_________ 每次
_________ 立刻，马上
_________ 决不（位于句首时句子用部分倒装）
one of the greatest scientists of all time
all the time
in time
on time
at times
at one time
at a time
in no time
at no time
in question 讨论中的；考虑中的
e.g. One post said: "I hope ______________________ are well."
一个帖子说：“我希望我们在谈论着的人会没事。”
拓展：
___________ question 不容置疑
__________________ 毫无疑问，没有问题
__________________ 不可能；
不允许；不值得讨论
the people in question
beyond
out of question
out of the question
adapt to 适应，适合
adapt..._____... 使……适应或适合……
adapt..______... 根据……改编或改写
adapt..._____... 改编或改作……之用
____________ adj. 能适应的，适应性强的
____________ n. 改编（本），改造；适应
from
for
adaptable
adaptation/adaption
to
e.g. A giraffe’s long neck is an adaption/adaptation that allows it to reach tall trees for food.
adaption is mainly used in the context of biology and natural science, while adaptation is used in a broader sense, including literature, technology, and culture.
convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的
__________ vt. 使确信；使信服；说服
convince sb. ______sth./convince sb. that ... 使某人相信某事
convince sb. ________ sth.说服某人做某事
__________ adj. 坚信不疑的，确信的
be convinced _______ sth... 深信不疑；确信；坚信
convince
of
to do
convinced
of
the Galapagos Islands

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