资源简介

(共31张PPT)
Unit 1 Back to school
Sentence elements and sentence structures
谓语
主语
表语
宾语
间接宾语
宾语补足语
直接宾语
状语
S (subject)
V (verb)
O (object)
P (predicative)
A (adverbial)
DO (direct object)
IO (indirect object)
OC (object complement)
Spring is coming.
Leaves turn green.
Cows eat grass on the hill.
The spring gives us a warm hug.
I will make the beauty stay in my mind forever.
主语
谓语
主语
主语
主语
主语
系动词
谓语
谓语
谓语
表语
宾语
间接宾语
宾语补足语
宾语
直接宾语
状语
Read this poem and recognize the sentence types.
Sentence elements and sentence structures
句子成分
句子是表达思想的基本单位，主要的句子成分.
1 .主语（subject）：
①句子的描述对象即为句子的主语。
②一般在句首。
③一般由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词或从句充当。
如： The teacher gave a speech.
Smoking is not allowed in public places.
2 谓语（verb）：
①表示主语的行为动作或所处的状态。
②必须由动词充当.
③一般在主语后面，和主语在人称和数方面必须一致。谓语有简单谓语、复合谓语之分。
如： Many students join school clubs.
He will come next week.
Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.
Sentence elements and sentence structures
3.宾语（object）：通常指动作的对象，是动作的承受者。有的动词后面可以接两个宾语。
通常把其中表 示人的宾语称为间接宾语（indirect object），把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语（direct object）。
如： We should develop good study habits.
Jack offered me some helpful advice.
4.表语（Predictive）
①表语在系动词之后，是用来说明主语的。说明主语的身份或特征、属性、状态等。
②充当表语的可以形容词、短语、不定式或从句等等。
Everything here is expensive.
I am a teacher.
His plan is to seek work in the city.
5.宾语补足语(object complement)。
英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。
宾语补足语即对宾语进行补充说明。宾语补足语通常由形容词、名词、不定式、分词及介词短语充当。
They elected me captain of the team.
We try to make our country strong.
We found everything in good order.
宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的复合结构
6. 状语(adverbial) ：状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。通常由副词、介词短语、分词短语、不定式、状语从句充当。
The best fish swim near the bottom.
I left the village five years ago.
I arrived late because of the traffic jam .
We'll send a car to fetch you.
7. 定语（attributive）：修饰名词或代词,常译为“......的”。单个词汇作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前，故称之为前置定语；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后，故称之为后置定语。定语通常由形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、不定式、分词（短语）及从句充当。
如： They are woman workers.
Mary is a beautiful girl.
I have nothing to eat.
二、 句子结构常见的句子结构(sentence structure)有以下八种： 1．主谓(SV)
在此句型中,谓语动词为不及物动词(intransitive verb)，不能接宾语，但能表达完整的意义。
The door opened.门开了。
The sun was shining.太阳在照耀着。
2．主谓宾(SVO)
在此句型中谓语动词为及物动词(transitive verb)或相当于及物动词的短语动词，它必须跟一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能表达一个完整的意思。
She teaches English.她教英语。
Who knows the answer 谁知道答案？
主谓vi结构
主谓vt宾结构
vi.不+宾语 ——————— vt.+宾语
*The sun rose in the east.
*The money has run out.
*He listened silently.
*He raised his hand.
*He has run out of the money.
*He listened to music silently.
He can hear the music.
3．主系表(SVP)
在此句型中的谓语动词是系动词，后面必须接表语才能表达完整的意义。
This is an English Chinese dictionary.
这是本英汉辞典。
The flower smells sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香。
His face turned red.
他的脸红了。
常见的系动词：
1、be动词：am/is/are/was/were
My book is on the desk.
2、感官类系动词：look/sound/smell/taste/feel
His voice sounded strange on the phone.
This flower smells very sweet.
3、表象类系动词：表示“看起来好像”
seem/appear/look
He looks tired.
4、持续类系动词：用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，remain/rest/keep/stay/lay/stand
He always kept silent at meeting.
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
5、终止类系动词：表示已终止动作，prove/turn out 表达“证实”“变成”之意。
The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。
His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。
6、变化类系动词：表示主语变成什么样。become/grow/run/get/fall/come/go/turn
He became mad after that.
Her hair is going grey.
她的头发日见花白。
4．主谓宾宾(SVOO)
此句型中的谓语动词带两个宾语(双宾语)，前一个为间接宾语(通常指人)，后一个为直接宾语(通常指物)。
句子结构可以是：“主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾”或“主＋谓＋直宾＋to/for＋间宾”。
2) I bought John a birthday present.
1) I showed him my pictures.
动词与“双宾语”
give sb. sth./give sth. to sb.
make sb. sth./make sth. for sb.
常见的这类结构的动词还有：send, bring, owe, take, offer, pass, lend, tell, return, promise, show, write, throw, hand, award, grant等
常见的这类结构的动词还有：prepare, buy, order, do, fetch, pick, leave, build, post, get, draw, find, reserve, save等
5．主谓宾宾补(SVOC)
此句型中的谓语动词是可以带复合宾语的及物动词，也就是说，这些动词除了有一个直接宾语外，还要加上宾语补足语，句子的意义才能完整。
The news made us surprised.这消息使我们很吃惊.
We saw him out.我们看见他出去了。
He asked me to come back soon.他要我早点回来。
What makes him think so？他怎么会这样想？
I saw them getting on the bus.我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
6．主谓状(SVA)
在此句型中，谓语动词也为不及物动词，但其后必须带有状语，否则结构不全，意义不完整。
They lived in Beijing.他们住在北京。
7．主谓宾状(SVOA)
在此句型中，谓语动词是及物动词，其后不但必须有宾语，而且宾语之后必须带状语，否则结构不全，意义不明确。
She put all the books on the desk.
她把所有的书都放在桌上了。
8．存现句——引导词there引导的句子。
所谓存现句，就是表示某处存在某人或某物，其基本结构是“there be...”，所以存现句在通常情况下指的就是there be句型。there be句型中的there为引导词，无词义；be为谓语动词，根据情况可以有单复数的变化，也可以有不同的时态变化。there be后面的名词为句子主语。
There is a small pool at the foot of the mountain.
山脚下有一个小池塘。
注意：there在该结构中是个引导词，本身无词义。动词be是谓语，有时态变化，也可与情态动词连用。动词be要和后面的就近的主语在单复数方面保持一致。
1. I found the book easily.
2. I found the book easy.
3. He got himself into trouble.
4. He got her a splendid present.
主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
主语+谓语+宾语+状语
判断下列句子属于哪种简单句类型。
5. Things change.
6. Mr. Brown is an artist.
7. The girl dances well.
8. I will tell you a good news.
主语+谓语+状语
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
主语+系动词+表语
主语+谓语
判断下列句子属于哪种简单句类型？
9. There are a lot of fans waiting outside the hall.
存现句
On the first day of school, Miss Yan gave a short speech about the importance of setting goals. Pay attention to the underlined sentences and fill in the table below. The first one has been done for you.
Check your answers.
(3) These habits
will be
helpful.
(5) you
will live
a happy life.
(2) Setting goals
makes
you
more confident.
(4) setting goals
gives
you
a focus in life.
P6
verb
object
Working out the rules.
Applying the rules
Mark the different elements of each sentence with different symbols.
B1
Below are some tips about setting goals. Match the underlined sentences with the correct structures. Write the letters in the boxes.
Applying the rules：
P7 B2
1. The tips below may help you.
2. they will seem easire to reach.
3. This will also give you the encouragement to
achieve your long-term goal.
4. You can place the list on your bedside table.
5. You may find achieving goals difficult.
6. You should not give up.
7. You will succeed in the end.
主＋谓+宾+状 (SVOA) -g
主＋谓+双宾 (SVOO)- d
主＋系+表 (SVP/ SP)- b
主＋谓+宾+宾补 (SVOC) - e
主＋谓+宾(SVO) -c
主＋谓 (SV) - a
主＋谓+状 (SVA) - f
c-b-d-g-e-a-f
Homework
Finish partC and D on page 58.

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