资源简介

(共62张PPT)
01
什么是定语从句
02
定语从句的关系代词
03
定语从句的关系副词
04
定语从句的介词+关系代词
05
06
限定性 VS 非限定性 定语从句
定语从句的考点总结
Attributive Clause
07
巩固练习
Content
PART 01
什么是定语从句
定语从句 | 什么是定语？
1、用来限定、修饰名词或代词的句子成分，汉语中常用“……的”表示
2、主要由形容词担任，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，
不定式，介词短语也可，有时也由一个句子来担任。
14 missing animals 14只失踪的动物(数词和形容词作定语)
a con fox 一只骗子狐狸(名词做定语）
a determined bunny 一只坚定的兔子(形容词作定语）
定语从句 | 什么是定语从句？
在复合句中用来修饰名词或代词的句子部分（做定语的从句）
Judy is a brave bunny who is determined to become a police officer.
朱迪是一只决心成为警察的勇敢兔子
Judy is a brave bunny.
Judy is determined to become a police officer.
定语从句 | 句子结构
定语从句的结构：
Judy is a brave bunny who is determined to become a police officer.
bunny
who
is determined to become a police officer.
先行词
关系词
句子
定语从句
名词/代词
修饰
定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的句子部分。
它相当于一个“形容词”。
在句子中，定语从句紧跟在它修饰的词（先行词）后面。
定语从句 | 先行词 / 关系词
先行词
被修饰的名词或代词
关系词
引导定语从句的词，有关系代词和关系副词
Judy is a brave bunny who is determined to become a police officer.
bunny
Judy is a brave bunny who is determined to become a police officer.
who
定语从句的结构：
先行词
关系词
句子
1. The man who sits beside me is Mr. Lee.
2. I like the record which my sister gave me.
3. The house where we live needs cleaning.
4. I still remember the day when I studied in Italy.
The man
练一练：找出定语从句和 先行词
who sits beside me is Mr. Lee.
the record
which my sister gave me.
The house
where we live
the day
when I studied in Italy.
PART 02
定语从句的关系代词
关系代词 | 在句中的作用
常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose
Judy is a bunny who dreams of making the world a better place.
who
在定语从句中代替先行词
① 代替作用
作主语、宾语、表语和定语
② 在定语从句中担任成分
把两个句子连成带有定语从句的主从复合句
③ 连接作用
关系代词 | 用法
①who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。
The man who sits beside my mother is a doctor.
A person who can teach you things is called a teacher.
②whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。
The boy (whom) I wrote to is my cousin.
先行词
关系词
句子
关系代词 | 用法
③which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。
The building which stands by the river is our school.
This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.
④that指人/物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。
He is the man (that) I told you about.
This is a record that my sister gave me.
先行词
关系词
句子
关系代词 | 用法
⑤ whose 指人/物，在定语从句中作定语 ，不可省略。
We live in a house whose windows face south.
This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.
先行词
关系词
句子
关系代词 指代对象 在从句中的成分 能否省略
that
which
who
whom
whose
关系代词 | 用法总结
人、物
主、宾
作宾语可省
物
主、宾
作宾语可省
人
主、宾
作宾语可省
人
宾
可省
人、物
定
不可省
Judy found Nick that/who was feeling bad alone.
主句：Judy找到了Nick
从句：Nick独自难过
练一练
翻译 | Judy找到了正在独自难过的Nick。
Judy found Nick
Nick was feeling bad alone.
先行词是Nick，从句中做主语,主从句结合连接用that / who
一找先行词
二判断人/物
方法总结
1. 分出主句从句，找准先行词
3. 根据还原部分所作成分，选择关系词
2. 先行词带入从句还原完整，看还原部分做什么成分
练一练
1. 我午餐会吃妈妈给我做的三明治。
2. 那个正在讲话的男孩是麦克。
3. 喜欢英语的同学进步大。
I would like to eat a sandwich that my mum made for me.
The boy who is speaking is Mike.
Students who like English make great progress.
一找先行词
二判断人物
This is the house___________ I once visited.
3) The writer ___________ I like most is Mark Twain.
2) She is the girl __________hair is long.
5) It is a novel _____________ was written by Mark Twain.
4) He is a inventor ___________ was born in America.
that /which
练一练
whose
whom/that
who/that
that /which
PART 03
定语从句的关系副词
关系副词 | 在句中的作用
在定语从句中代替先行词
① 代替作用
作状语
② 在定语从句中担任成分
把两个句子连成带有定语从句的主从复合句
③ 连接作用
关系副词 | 有哪些关系副词
关系副词 句法功能 先行词特征
when
where
why
状语
表时间
表地点
表原因
When 引导定语从句时，从句的先行词为表示时间的名词，
When 在从句中作_______状语，相当于“___________________”结构。
关系副词 | when
It was a time at which (when) Judy was discriminated against because she was a rabbit.
那时朱迪因为是兔子而受到歧视。
时间
介词 in/at...＋which
从句中不缺主干成分
where引导定语从句时，从句的先行词为表示地点的名词，
where在从句中作______状语，相当于“__________________”结构。
介词in/at...＋which
关系副词 | where
地点
This is the police station in which (where) Judy and Nick first met.
这是朱迪和尼克第一次见面的警察局。
从句中不缺主干成分
当先行词表示下面三种情况时，可用关系副词where。
某人/物的situation，某事发展的stage，表达某事的某个方面
常见的此类先行词还有point, case, position, condition等。
关系副词 | where - 表示地点的模糊化
Judy gets into a situation in which (where) she must prove herself as a capable police officer.
朱迪陷入了必须证明自己是一名称职警官的处境。
从句中不缺主干成分
关系副词 | Why
why引导定语从句时，从句的先行词通常为reason,
why在从句中作______状语，相当于“____________”结构。
There is the reason for which (why) people love this movie.
这就是人们喜欢这部电影的原因
原因
for＋which
从句中不缺主干成分
关系副词 句法功能 先行词特征 介词+which
when
where
why
状语
表时间
表地点
表原因
关系副词 | 总结
关系副词 引导的陈述句结构都是完整的
in/ at/ on which
for which
in/ at/ on which
练一练
2.This is the station ________ I met you.
1.This is the city ________ I live in.
3.This is the day __________ I met you.
4.I don’t know the reason __________ he cried.
which
at which
on which
for which
where
where
when
why
in
练一练
1. We visited the house ________ the famous scientist once lived.
2. The photo reminded me of the days ________ I played hide-and-seek with my brother and I stayed for six years.
3. It was a period ________ they had discussion very frequently.
4.The problem has come to a point ________ everyone has different opinions and it is difficult to reach an agreement.
where
when
when
where
PART 04
定语从句的
介词+关系代词
介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句
This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with yesterday.
＝This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.
这是昨天跟我打网球的男孩。
The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous.
＝The school in which he once studied is very famous.
他曾经就读过的学校很有名。
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可将介语置于关系代词前，由“介词＋关系代词”引导。
介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句
The pencil with that he was writing suddenly broke.(×)
The pencil with which he was writing suddenly broke.(√)
The man with that/who you talked just now is my brother. (×)
The man with whom you talked just now is my brother. (√)
刚才跟你谈话的那个人是我的弟弟。
若介词放在关系代词前，则关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who / that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。
介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句
I have over 100 books, 30 of which were bought last year.
我有100多本书，其中有30本是去年买的。
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
我们班总共有四十个学生，大多数来自大城市。
“介词＋关系代词”前还可有some、any、none、all、both、
neither、many、most、each、few等代词或者数词。
PART 05
非限制性定语从句
定语从句分类：限制性 vs 非限制性
限定修饰 先行词。
① 限制性定语从句：
He knows the man who is crying in the car.
他认识那个在车里哭的人。
补充说明 先行词，主从句逗号隔开。
② 非限制性定语从句：
He knows the man, who is crying in the car.
他认识那个人，那个人正在车里哭。
who is crying in the car.
the man
定从分类有奥妙，限与非限看逗号。
非限制性定语从句的引导词
引导词(关系词) 先行词 在定语从句中作的成分
关系代词 who 人 主语
whom 人 宾语
which 物/整个主句 主语/宾语
whose = of whom / of which 人/物 定语
as 人/物/整个主句 主语/宾语
关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语
where 通常是地点名词 地点状语
非限制性定语从句的引导词
(1) 在非限制性定语从句中，不能用that来代指人或物，而应当用who / whom指人，用which指物。
指人和指物的关系代词，在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时，也不能省略。
指人作宾语时，只能用宾格whom，不能用who替换。
(2) 非限制性定语从句，不能用why引导，常用for which代替why。
as 引导的非限制性定语从句
常见搭配：
as we expected 正如我们期待那样 / as I remember 正如我记得那样
As we all know, she is a kind person.
总所周知，她是一个善良的人。（as代替她是善良的人这句话）
She is a teacher, as is clear from her manner.
从她的举止中可以看出，她是一名教师（as代替她是一名老师这句话）
as 是个特殊的关系代词，可代替整个主句，位置可在主句之前或之后。
She is not so happy a man as you think.
I have never seen as beautiful flowers as you have.
只用as的情况
1.先行词有 the same 或 such 引导或先行词为 the same 或 such 时
2.在 so…as…或 as…as…结构中，先行词前的定语被 so 或 as 修饰时
It is the same situation as 10 years ago when I left.
Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
(2) 艾米穿着传统服饰，参加了那里的火把节。
Amy, ____________________________, took part in the Torch Festival there.
他们去了云南，在那里看到了美丽的雪山。
They went to Yunnan, _______________________________________________.
where they see the beautiful snowy mountains
练一练
who wore traditional clothes
(5) 他去了意大利，在那里待了三个月之久。
He went to Italy, ______________________________________.
(3) 周六是莉萨的生日，这一天他们会举行一个聚会。
Saturday is Lisa’s birthday, _______________________________.
练一练
when they will hold a party.
which made me very angry.
where he stayed for three months.
(4) 她改变了主意，这使我很生气。
She changed her mind, _____________________________________.
3. One of the boys kept laughing, __ annoyed Jane.
A. which B. that C. what
1. I’m taking some tour guide classes, __ are quite popular here.
A. that B. which C. who
练一练
2. His daughter, __ is in Beijing now, is coming home next week.
A. which B. that C. who
B
C
A
练一练
4. That is the writer __ book was the best-seller last year.
A. who B. whom C. whose
6. Do you know the man __ is sitting behind Zhou Bo
A. what B. which C. who
5. This is the postcard __ Jenny sent to me from London.
A. which B. what C. whom
C
A
C
PART 06
定语从句的考点总结
考点总结
① 关系代词和关系副词的正确选用
② 只用that的情况
③ 只用which的情况
④ 多用who的情况
⑤ 定语从句的主谓一致
考点① 关系代词与关系副词的正确选用
关系词的选择主要依据先行词在从句中所作的成分而定。
This is the school where/in which I studied last year.
这就是我去年就读的学校。（study不及物动词）
This is the school (which/that) I visited last year.
这就是我去年参观过的学校。（visit及物动词）
方法一：取决于从句中的谓语动词与先行词的关系。
如果及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；
如果不及物动词，则要求用关系副词作状语。
考点① 关系代词与关系副词的正确选用
I will never forget the day that/which we spent together.
我永远忘不了我们一起度过的那一天。（day作宾语）
I will never forger the days when we joined the army
我永远忘不了我参军的那一天。（day作状语）
方法二：判断先行词在定语从句中的成分。
如果先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语，则选择关系代词； 如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，或缺少介词，则选择关系副词。
考点② 只用that的情况
1. 当先行词中有人又有物时。
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about
2. 当先行词为不定代词 all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。
This is all that I want from the school.
考点② 只用that的情况
3. 当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等修饰时。
This is the very book that I am looking for these days.
4. 当先行词被最高级修饰时 。
The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.
考点② 只用that的情况
5. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。
The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
6. 主句中已有who或which时
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting
考点③ 只用which的情况
1. 非限制性定语从句中
2. 介词提至关系代词前时
3. 先行词为that、 those时
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
上个月我们买的房子非常不错。
This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。
What's that which is lying on the ground.
躺在地上的东西是什么？
考点④ that和who都代指人，下面情况多用who
1. 先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。
All who heard the news were excited.
2. 先行词为 those, he 和 people 时。
Those who want to go please sign your names here.
He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
考点⑤ 定语从句的主谓一致
关系代词在从句中作主语时，
从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。
Those who are against the plan put up your hands.
Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.
PART 07
定语从句的巩固练习
5.Anyone _____ has the money can join the group.
4. He often speaks the role he played in the play, ______ made others upset.
1. This is the very thing _______ I am after.
2. We talked about the men and the things _____ we remembered at school.
3. Which is the star _____ is nearest to the earth
巩固练习 Ⅰ 填关系词
that
that
that
which
who
6. He opened the door, in front of ______ sat a boy
7. The man to ______ I spoke is a famous scientist.
8. The boy _______ parents were dead was brought up by his uncle.
9.I don't like the way ________ you speak to your parents.
巩固练习 Ⅰ 填关系词
whom
whom
whose
in which
1. (1) This is the house __________I once lived.
(2) This is the house____________I once visited.
A.that B.when C.where D. there
2. (1) I won't forget the days_________we studied in the college.
(2) I won't forget the days ________ we spent together.
A.which B.when C.who D.on which
3. (1) Taiwan is part of China,________is known to all.
(2)________is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.
A.that B.which C.As D.Which
巩固练习 Ⅱ 对比练习
C
A
B
A
B
C
4. (1) The reason_______he explained to me is unreasonable.
(2) He couldn‘t give the teacher a good reason_______he was late for school.
A.why B.for that C.which D.whose
5. (1) He has three daughters, all of _____ are doctors.
(2) He has three daughters, and all of_______ are doctors.
A.who B.whom C.that D.them
巩固练习 Ⅱ 对比练习
C
A
B
D
6. (1) He still lives in the room _______ window faces to the east.
(2) He still lives in the room, the window _______ faces to the east.
(3)He still lives in the room________is in the north of the city
(4)He still lives in the room _______ there is a beautiful table!
A.which B.whose C.where D.of which
巩固练习 Ⅱ 对比练习
B
A
C
A
巩固练习 Ⅲ 选择题
1. This is the best hotel in the city ______ I know.
A. it B. where C. that D. which
2. Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burning.
A. it B. which C. / D. that
3. My friend showed me round the town, ___ was very kind of him.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
C
D
A
巩固练习 Ⅲ 选择题
4. This is the only one of the students _____ the truth．
A． that knows B． that know
C． who know D． which knows
5. I’ m one of the boys _____ never late for school．
A． that is B． who are
C． who am D． who is
A
B
6. Abraham Lincoln, _____ led the United States _____ these years, was _____ of the greatest presidents．
A. he；for；a B. whom；in；one
C. who；at；one D. who；through；one
7. Who is the girl _____ wearing a red dress
A. whose B. that C. whom D. that’s
8. The old man _____ yesterday is a scientist．
A. I spoke B. I spoke to C. whom I spoke D. that I spoke to him
巩固练习 Ⅲ 选择题
D
D
B
9. The young man _____ is an engineer of our factory．
A. that you just talked B. whom you just talked to
C. which you just talked to D. who you just talked
10. The dictionary _____ is sold out in the bookshop．
A. you need B. what you need
C. which you need it D. that you need it
巩固练习Ⅲ 选择题
B
A

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