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(共27张PPT)
Grammar
Unit 7 The natural world
八年级上册
According to the article in Reading section, say what ecosystems these organs represent
Revision
The ocean
Wetlands
Forests
A. Verbs and sentence structures (II)
Read the sentences and their explanations below and answer the following questions.
Presentation
1. What do the verbs in those sentences have in common
Each of the verbs in those sentences takes two objects. We can change the order of the objects by using to or for.
2. How can we identify the indirect object and the direct object
The direct object (DO) is a noun, noun phrase or pronoun. It refers to the person or thing that is directly affected by the action of a verb.
e.g. She gave me the book. (DO: the book)
The indirect object (IO) is a noun, noun phrase or pronoun. It refers to the person or thing that the action of a verb is done to or for.
e.g. She gave me the book. (IO: me)
Exploring the rules
Which verbs can take two objects
Brainstorm
save, offer, tell, get, pass, show, lend, cook, send, prepare, post, order, take, build, leave, make, teach, pick, buy, read, write, find, sell, give, hand
…
Which verbs can take two objects
Brainstorm
Verbs often used with to give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, read, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, …
Verbs often used with for build, buy, cook, find, get, leave, make, order, pick, prepare, save, …
Read the following sentences and answer the following questions.
Presentation
What is the object complement in these two sentences
Read the examples below and find out what different forms of object complements (C) are.
Exploring the rules
Forms of object complements Examples
1. Noun or noun phrase
(名词或名词短语)
2. Adjective
(形容词)
3. Pronoun
(代词)
They call the ocean the “heart” of the earth.
They named the cat Bob.
I found the movie boring.
She painted the wall blue.
They consider the idea theirs.
Read the examples below and find out what different forms of object complements (C) are.
Exploring the rules
Forms of object complements Examples
4. Prepositional phrase
(介词短语)
5. Infinitive
(不定式)
6. Participle
(分词)
I found the book on the table.
They left him at home.
I asked her to help.
He told me to wait.
I saw him running.
She found the door locked.
Summary
Object Complement
(C)
Noun or noun phrase
(名词或名词短语)
Adjective
(形容词)
Pronoun
(代词)
Prepositional phrase
(on/in/at …)
Infinitive
(to do)
Participle
(doing/done)
Read the following table and learn about the use of adverbials (A).
Presentation
Sentences Adverbials
When
How
Where
Adverbial of time
Adverbial of manner
Adverbial of place
She gave me a gift yesterday.
She found the book interesting after reading it.
He told us a story in a soft voice.
He painted the wall blue carefully.
They talked in her office.
She gave the poor cat some cat food at the park.
Consolidation
Go through “Grammar check” on page 163 to learn more about verbs and sentence structures.
Practice
(1) A: Do you know how forests help the environment
B: Yes! Forests make the environment beautiful. They offer animals a home and help cool the earth.
① DO: _________________ IO: _________________
② offer animals a home = offer a home _____________ animals
Identify the direct object and the indirect object of each sentence and then rewrite the underlined expression using to or for.
a home
animals
to
Practice
(2) A: Forests are important. However, people cut down trees to build
themselves houses.
B: That’s true. We should find ways to protect forests while meeting
our needs.
① DO: _________________ IO: _________________
② build themselves houses = build houses __________ themselves
houses
themselves
for
Practice
Identify the structures of the following sentences. Match each sentence with the correct structure.
a. S + V + O + C
b. S + V + O + O
(1) They showed us maps of the polar
regions.
(2) The teacher gave the class a lesson
on polar animals yesterday afternoon.
(3) The weather made the journey hard.
Finish Part A1 on page 98.
Practice
1. Little rain and too much sunshine make deserts dry.
2. Many desert plants give animals water.
3. … the water can keep them healthy.
4. Quite a few desert plants also give animals food.
Practice
S
V
O
C
S
V
O
O
S
V
O
C
S
V
O
O
~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~
~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~
~~~~
~~~~~~~~
B. Using and, but, or and so
Lead-in
Review the article in “Reading” and complete the following sentences by using and, but, or and so.
(1) Each ecosystem has a role to play __________ helps keep the balance
between all its members and the greater environment.
(2) This goes on and on, __________ the ocean is just like the “heart” of the earth.
(3) Wetlands only cover about 6% of the earth’s land area. __________ they are home to around 40% of all the types of plants and animals.
and
so
But
Presentation
Read the rules for using conjunctions on page 99.
Consolidation
Go through “Grammar check” on page 163 to learn more about verbs and sentence structures.
Practice
A: Coral reefs are amazing. They help many sea animals live.
B: Yes, they are very important, (1) __________ they also protect the coast
from storms.
A: That’s true, (2) _________ coral reefs are in danger because of pollution
and climate change.
B: It’s very worrying. We must do something to protect coral reefs. We
can join a clean-up group (3) __________ start our own group.
A: Yes, we can stop people from polluting the ocean, (4) __________ we
can save them for the future.
Read the following dialogue about coral reefs and fill in the blanks by using and, but, or and so.
and
but
or
so
Practice
Judge whether the conjunctions are correctly used in the following sentences. Put a tick (√) in the bracket if the sentence is correct, and a cross (×) if incorrect, and then correct the mistakes.
( ) (1) Bees are tiny, so they play a big role in helping plants grow.
( ) (2) Frogs can live on land or in water.
( ) (3) Elephants are the largest land animals, but they need a lot of food every day to survive.
( ) (4) Mountains are home to many animals, and they can also affect the weather.
but
so
Production
Finish Part B1 on page 99.
Grasslands can be hot, so animals sit under the shade of trees.
Wetlands can have salt water and fresh water.
There are forests in Asia and Europe.
Deserts are dry, but they are not always hot.
Some rainforest animals don’t like wind or rain.
Homework
Write about what you know about ecosystems, using S + V + O + O and S + V + O + C. Use and, but, or and so to join your ideas.
Thank you!

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