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中考英语阅读理解复习——解题思路
类型1 细节理解
细节理解题主要考查对文章(或某一段落)中某特定事实信息的捕捉和理解能力,通常包括直接细节理解题和间接细节理解题。直接细节理解题在原文中可直接找到答案,间接细节理解题需要通过有关词语和句子的转换,依靠主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息,然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系进行加工或整理后方能得出结论。
方法1:直接搜索找出答案
【典例再现】
(2024·贵州中考节选)Do you speak a dialect(方言)in daily life While many Chinese people speak putonghua, some local dialects are in danger of disappearing(消失). To save them, the Chinese government started the Chinese Language Resources Protection Project (中国语言资源保护工程) a few years ago.
The Chinese Language Resources Protection Project was started ______.
A. to create digital tools B. to store local cultures C. to save local dialects
【解题思路】
根据"To save them, the Chinese government started the Chinese Language Resources Pro-tection Project (中国语言资源保护工程) a few years ago."可知,为了拯救方言,中国政府在几年前启动了中国语言资源保护工程。故选C。
方法2:间接转换得出答案
【典例再现】
(2024·贵州中考节选) James, a 15 - year - old student, thinks that social media has many benefits. "I get very nervous when I talk to people in real life—I find it so much easier to express myself when I use social media. Another advantage is that I hardly ever forget anyone's birthday now because I can look it up online!" Lots of users agree that social media helps young people stay connected to their friends and make new friends from around the world.
What does James think of social media ______
A. It makes him ignore his family.
B. It distracts him from schoolwork.
C. It helps him express himself better.
【解题思路】
根据"I find it so much easier to express myself when I use social media."可知,詹姆斯发现使用社交媒体时,表达自己要容易得多。故选C。
类型2 推理判断
推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的线索和事实进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性，将间接论据连贯起来，得出一个合理的结论。
【典例再现】
(2024·贵州中考节选)The project is now entering into its second stage. This includes developing more creative tools like apps and mobile dictionaries to help people learn dialects.
What can be inferred(推理) from the last paragraph ____
A. Fewer people will speak dialects.
B. There will be more ways to learn dialects.
C. People will learn dialects in an online library.
【解题思路】根据“The project is now entering into its second stage. This includes developing more cre-ative tools like apps and mobile dictionaries to help people learn dialects.”可知项目的第二阶段包括开发更多创新工具，如应用程序和移动词典，以帮助人们学习方言，所以可以推断出将有更多的方式来学习方言。故选B。
类型3 词句推测
词句推测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。除了直接考查单词或短语的词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生推测，这也是对词义推测的一种间接考查。
【典例再现】
(2024·贵州中考节选)Scholar Zhang Hongming talked about his concerns about the disappearing of dia-lects. For about over 10 years, in the Wu dialect areas such as Shanghai and Suzhou, children aged 6 to 15 can understand but hardly speak the dialect. Young people above 15 years old sometimes speak it, but not very well. If this keeps happening, the dialect might disappear, he said.
What does the underlined word “concerns” in Paragraph 4 mean ____
A. Worries. B. Doubts. C. Suggestions.
【解题思路】根据“For about over 10 years, in the Wu dialect areas such as Shanghai and Suzhou, chil-dren aged 6 to 15 can understand but hardly speak the dialect. Young people above 15 years old sometimes speak it, but not very well. If this keeps happening, the dialect might disappear”可知，十多年来，在上海和苏州等吴语地区，6至15岁的孩子能听懂但几乎不会说方言。15岁以上的年轻人有时会说方言，但不是很好。如果这种情况持续下去，这种方言可能会消失。此处学者表达了自己的担忧。故选A。
类型4 主旨大意
主旨大意题主要的考查形式:理解段落大意、把握全文主旨(主旨大意)和拟定文章标题(最佳标题)。文章主旨大意一般有四种呈现形式:文首、文中、文尾、不明确给出(需要总结)。做这种题要掌握以下技巧:通读文章,重点把握首末段、首末句;作者反复强调的观点或文章中多次出现的词句通常是主旨。
【典例再现】
(2024·贵州中考节选)Some people are worried about the effect that social media has on the lives of young people. The following text was written by a reporter: He tried to find out whether social media has a positive or negative effect on children.
1.Social media websites are communities where users can share photos and talk to each other online...
2. James, a 15 - year - old student, thinks that social media has many benefits...
3. However, social media also has many problems. ...
4. There is no doubt that social media has some problems, and it is very important to avoid spending too much time online. However, generally speaking, social media can be a positive thing for young people...
Which can be the best title for the text
A. Why Is Social Media So Popular
B. Is Social Media Really a Problem
C. What Is the Future of Social Media
【解题思路】
本文是关于社交媒体对孩子的影响的讨论,根据第一段最后一句可知,选项B适合作文章标题。故选B。
真题·明晰命题
A
(2023·贵州中考)
1. How long do teenagers need to sleep at least every day ______
A. Seven hours. B. Eight hours. C. Nine hours.
2. What time do people feel the sleepiest during a day ______
3. The writer proves a lack of sleep plays a role in accidents by ______.
A. asking questions B. listing numbers C. giving examples
4. Which of the following can be put in ▲ ______
A. SUGGESTIONS B. FACTS C. PROBLEMS
B
(2023·贵州中考)The old lanes(巷子)of the Beijing hutongs many were there hundreds of years ago during the Ming and Qing dynasties. They keep not only the traditional culture but also the way of life in the past. People can go shopping, eat delicious food, and watch the street life by visiting the Beijing Hutongs. What's more, it's a good way to learn more about the daily life of people in Beijing.
A Hutong is a lane formed by traditional courtyard compounds(筑有围墙的院子)on both sides. The compounds are called siheyuan, meaning "four joined - together courtyard".
The Hutongs have interesting names, which tell their origin(起源), location, or history. They are in these gray lanes where kids talk and play.
One of China's most famous writers, Lao She, was born in siheyuan in the west of the city. The memories of his childhood in hutongs were so important to him that even after he had been away from Beijing for more than 20 years, he still clearly remembered them and wrote them into a novel called Four Generations under One Roof.
Now, Beijing still has about 400,000 siheyuan for people to live in. However, most hutongs are in great danger because more and more new buildings have been built. So, we should try our best to protect hutongs, the treasure of traditional culture.
1. What can we learn about the Beijing Hutongs ______
A. They have a short history.
B. They are far from siheyuan.
C. They have interesting names.
2. The writer would most probably talk about ______ after Paragraph 5.
A. how we can know the Beijing Hutongs better.
B. what we can do to protect the Beijing Hutongs.
C. why many new buildings were built in Beijing.
3. What could be the best title for the text ______
A. Lao She—A Well - known Chinese Writer
B. Beijing Hutongs—The Treasure of China
C. Siheyuan—A Picture of the Qing Dynasty
4. We may read this text from the section of ______ in a newspaper.
A. Culture Window B. Famous People C. Eating Customs
C
(2023·贵州中考)Could you imagine being in a car driven by a computer, not a human Recently, China has made a big step toward self - driving technology. Since August 2022, driverless taxis can run on roads in Wuhan, Chongqing and Shenzhen.
Why do we develop self - driving cars
Self - driving cars bring us many benefits. They use computers to sense the things around them and make better use of space. This means fewer traffic jams and better parking of cars. For disabled or blind people, self - driving cars can also help them get around more easily.
According to official statistics, each year, more than 1.35 million people are killed on roads around the world, and more are injured. It's reported that self - driving cars could reduce road accidents by 90 percent and save governments a lot of money. The main cause of car accidents is human error(错误). By using computers, self - driving cars don't make poor decisions or lose focus like humans do.
But self - driving cars aren't perfect. If something unexpected on the road happens, self - driving cars can't react(反应) as fast as a human driver could. Also, during weather events like heavy snow, self - driving cars wouldn't see the lines on the road clearly. It might lead to an accident. The car's computer system would be broken by someone, causing it to crash or change its direction.
It's clear that there is still a long way to go to make self - driving cars a common and safe sight(景象) on our roads. And China is taking the lead in making this happen, said China Daily.
1. What does the underlined word "They" in Paragraph 3 refer to ______
A. Disabled people.
B. Self - driving cars.
C. Taxi drivers.
2. What do we know about self - driving cars ______
A. They cannot make good use of space.
B. They always react faster than humans.
C. They do not lose focus like humans do.
3. We can infer(推断) that China ______ in self - driving technology.
A. will make greater progress
B. aided many other countries
C. is going to cut its total costs
4. The writer writes the text to ______.
A. encourage more people to buy self - driving cars
B. tell people several advantages of self - driving cars
C. introduce the present situation of self - driving cars
真题模拟·明晰命题参考答案
A:1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B
B:1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A
C:1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C

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