资源简介

(共44张PPT)
Unit 2
Grammar and usage
Passive voice in the present continuous
and present perfect tenses
现在进行时和现在完成时的被动
（1）现在进行时的结构：
现在进行时由“am / is / are + 现在分词”构成，即：am/ is/ are + doing
He is listening to a song.
他正在听歌。
现在进行时和现在完成时
（一）现在进行时
①表示目前（说话时）正在进行的动作，如：
The teacher is giving us an English lesson now.
老师现在正在给我们上英语课。
②表示现阶段但不一定是讲话时正在进行的动作，如：
She is teaching English and learning Chinese.
她在教英语并学习汉语。
③表示近期特定的安排或计划，如：
What are you doing next Sunday
下星期你打算干什么？
(2)现在进行时的基本用法：
④go, come等表示移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时，如：
I'm coming.
我要来了。
⑤与always, often等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感彩，如：
She is always worrying him for presents.
她总是缠着他要礼物。
reading an interesting book
①He is_______________________ in his bedroom.
他在他的卧室里读一本有趣的书。
②He has told fellow students that he___________________________.
他跟同学说，他在写一本小说。
完成句子
is writing a novel
(1)现在完成时的结构：
现在进行时由have/ has + 过去分词构成，即：have/ has done
I haven’t eaten noodles for five years.
我已经5年没有吃过面条啦。
（二）现在完成时
(2)现在完成时的基本用法：
①表示动作在说话时已经完成(可不指出动作发生的确切时间)，但对现在产生某种后果或影响。常与ever, recently, before, so far, up to now, till now, in the past years, these days等时间状语连用。
Have you ever been to the West Lake
你曾经去过西湖吗？
②表示动作发生在过去，并且一直持续到现在，甚至还可能继续下去，这时常和“since＋点时间状语(名词、短语、从句)”或“for＋段时间状语”连用。
We have lived here since I was born.
自我出生以来我们一直住在这里。
I have taught in this school for 30 years.
我在这所学校任教了30年。
③在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来完成的动作。
He will come as soon as he has finished his work.
他一做完工作就会来。
①In 1960 he came to London,in which city he______________ever since.
1960年他来到伦敦，自此在该城一直住到现在。
②I _______________________with absolute certainty there'll be no change of policy.
我十分确定地告诉他们政策不会有变。
③If I ______________________this book, I will boil coffee for you.
如果我读完这本书，我就给你煮咖啡。
has lived
完成句子
have told them
have finished
Make sentences with passive voice in the present continuous or present perfect tenses.
construct
The road is being constructed.
The road has been constructed.
Lead-in
repair
The car is being repaired.
The car has been repaired.
cook
The dish is being cooked.
The dish has been cooked.
The family is decorating the tree.
The tree is being decorated.
The tree has been decorated.
现在进行时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态
一、现在进行时的被动语态
(一)含义：现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作，强调主语是动作的承受者。
A new library is being built in our city.
(二)结构
1.肯定式：主语＋am/is/are＋being done
Some trees are being cut down in the park.
公园里的一些树木正在被砍伐。
2.否定式：主语＋am/is/are＋not being done
It is reported that the water in the lake is not being protected now.
据报道，这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。
3.一般疑问式：Am/Is/Are (not)＋主语＋being done
Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse
这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？
4.特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词＋am/is/are(not)＋主语＋being done
Who is being trained for the coming English speech contest
为了即将举行的英语演讲比赛，谁正接受训练？
(三)用法
1.表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常用now，at the moment等时间状语。
My younger sister is now being interviewed.
我妹妹现在正在接受采访。
2.表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。
These animals are being hunted at such a speed that they will disappear soon.
以如此速度捕杀动物，它们很快就会消失。
3.表示一种习惯的被动行为，常与always，constantly，often等词连用，表示有赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感彩。
I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is often being broken.
我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。
4.与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。
Jim may be being interviewed by the reporters at the very moment.
吉姆此刻可能正在被记者们采访。
[名师点津]　(1)stay，love，have，want，belong to等一般不用于现在进行时的被动语态。
(2)“be＋under/in等介词＋名词” 结构可用来表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。
The telephone is in use.＝The telephone is being used.
电话正在使用中。
二、现在完成时的被动语态
(一)结构
1.肯定式：主语＋have/has been done
He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.
他已被挑选出来参加运动会。
2.否定式：主语＋have/has not been done
The construction of the bridge has not been finished.
这座桥的建设还没有完成。
3.一般疑问式：Have/Has＋主语＋been done
Has the date for the next meeting been decided
下次会议的日期已决定了吗？
4.特殊疑问式：疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done
How long has the battery not been changed
电池多久没有更换了？
(二)用法
1.现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already，yet，just，never，recently等副词连用。
The machine has already been repaired.
机器已经被修好了。
2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句型中。
Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours.
公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。
How long has this film been shown
这部电影已放映多长时间了？
3.用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished.
在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。
[名师点津]　常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：
already已经
yet 已经
recently/lately最近
since then从那时起
ever since自那以来
ever曾经
so far迄今为止
for a long time 很长一段时间
by now到现在为止
in recent years在最近几年里
in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里
三、注意事项
1.只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
His boss has already punished him.
→He has already been punished (by his boss).
2.带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.
→He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company).
→A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company).
返 回
I. 单项选择
1.My washing machine ________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand．
A. was repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
2.Our city is becoming a modern one. More and more tall buildings ________ in the last five years．
A. have been built B. would be built
C. had been built D. were built
【解析】本题考查现在进行时的被动语态。分析主语washing machine 与谓语动词repair的关系，可知主语不能发出谓语动词的动作，只能成为动作的承受者，应使用被动语态。再结合后半句表明：so I have to wash my clothes by hand衣服不得不手洗，说明洗衣服现在正在修理中。现在进行时可以表示一段时间内进行的动作，正符合句意。再结合被动语态的使用，故该句使用现在进行时被动语态谓语，即“am/is/are being done”，故选C。
【解析】本题考察动词的时态和语态．根据时间状语in the last five years可知应该使用现在完成时，而tall buildings和build之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以使用被动语态． 故选：A．
3.Having a glass of water first thing in the morning helps rid your body of poisonous substances that ________ overnight.
A. were stored B. had been stored
C. are being stored D. have been stored
4.Social and cultural activities for senior citizens ______ over the past several years．
A. conducted B. were conducted
C. have conducted D. have been conducted
【解析】试题分析：句意：早晨第一件事喝一杯水帮助你排除身体里面储存了整晚的毒素。因为毒素是从昨晚一直到现在一直被储存，所以用现在完成时的被动，选 D。
【解析】句意：在过去几年里，开展了针对老年人的社会和文化活动。activities因该是被开展，且结合时间状语over the past several years，可知应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选D。
5.So far, almost every possible means ________ to provide accommodation and medical rescue for the people in the flood-stricken area.
A. were tried B. was tried
C. have been tried D. has been tried
6.— Excuse me, what time is it now
— Sorry, my watch ______. It ______ at the shop.
A. isn't working; is being repaired B. doesn't work; is being repaired
C. isn't working; is repaired D. doesn't work; is repaired
【解析】句意：到目前为止，为了给洪灾地区的人们提供住宿和医疗救助，几乎每一种可能的办法都已经尝试了。由so far可知，应用现在完成时态，排除A、B两项；再由主语every possible means可知，谓语应用第三人称单数，再排除C项，故选D。
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：——对不起，现在几点了？——对不起，我的表坏了。正在商店里修理。第一空表示我的表现在不工作，用一般现在时表示现在处于的状态，排除AC选项；第二空表示现在正在被修理，用现在进行时的被动语态，排除D选项。故选B。
7.—What’s that noise
—Oh, I forget to tell you. The new machine ________.
A. is testing B. was being tested
C. is being tested D. has been tested
8.—When can we move to the new apartment
—Well, it ________, and hopefully, the job will be done in a couple of weeks.
A. is being decorated B. is decorated
C. was decorated D. had decorated
【解析】句意：——那是什么噪音？——哦，我忘记告诉你了。新的机器正在被检测呢。根据该句空格前面的主语The new machine可以判知，空格处应该使用被动语态。然后根据上文可以判知，该机器的检测应该是正在进行中，所以本题应该使用现在进行时的被动语态，故选C。
【解析】句意：——我们什么时候能搬到新公寓。——它正在装修，希望这项工作能在几周内完成。it指代the new apartment，和构成被动decorate，不能搬的原因是新公寓正在装修，表示被动动作正在进行，所以应用现在进行时态的被动语态，故选A。
9.To lower the housing price, several measures ________ in the last two years.
A. have adopted B. were adopted
C. have been adopted D. had been adopted
10.When and where to build the new factory __________ yet.
A. have not been decided B. has not decided
C. has not been decided D. have not decided
【解析】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：为降低房价，过去两年采取了几项措施。根据in the last two years可知，此处用现在完成，又several measures与adopt之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，因several measures作主语，故用have。故选C。
【解析】考查时态，语态及主谓一致。句意：何时何地建新工厂尚未决定。when and where +to do这个结构，意为“什么时间什么地点去做……”，我们常将其看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式，When and where to build the new factory和decide之间的关系是被动关系，故用被动语态；根据yet以及句意，可知何时何地建新工厂尚未决定，时态应用现在完成时，故该空应是现在完成时的被动语态，且助动词应用has，故C项正确，故选C。
Ⅱ. 单句语法
1.Large amounts of equipment ____________ (sell) at a discount now.
2.Large quantities of water ________________ (pollute) already, which makes the river around the village smell terrible.
3.The school library________________ (decorate) this week, so we can’t borrow books or do some reading there.
4.Preserving the Ming and Qing Tombs ____________ (give) serious attention in recent decades.
5. Many a way ________________ (use) to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
are being sold
have been polluted
is being decorated
has been given
has been used
谢谢
Frances is reading a leaflet about a sports centre. Find the sentences in the leaflet that use the passive voice in the present continuous and present perfect tenses and fill in the table below.
Exploring the rules
Are you ready to get fit We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public once again! Our facilities have been enlarged and redone, and our centre is now bigger and better than ever before. The finishing touches are now being put to a new swimming pool and our workout rooms have been updated with modern e by and check them out!
There are a lot of fitness courses for you to choose from. In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance. You can find more details about all our courses on our website. Better still, we will update our fitness courses every few months so that more popular courses can be included. Weight training classes, for example, are being designed and will be added to our programme soon. We will invite professional athletes to be our coaches. We are confident that we have something for everyone. We look forward to seeing you here!
A
Weight training classes, for example, are being designed …
... and our workout rooms have been updated with modern equipment.
... our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options ...
Applying the rules
Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice.
1. The city government is building a new community sports centre.
_______________________________________________________
2. Some workers are painting the walls in the workout rooms.
_______________________________________________________
A new community sports centre is being built (by the city government).
The walls in the workout rooms are being painted (by some workers).
B1
Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice.
3. People have told me the new workout rooms are very modern.
_______________________________________________________
4. Jenny’s PE teacher has asked her to make an exercise plan.
_______________________________________________________
5. The teachers are testing students on their knowledge of fitness.
_______________________________________________________
I have been told that the new workout rooms are very modern.
Jenny has been asked to make an exercise plan (by her PE teacher).
Students are being tested on their knowledge of fitness (by the teachers).
I visited the new and improved Community Sports Centre. It looks amazing! It is not open to the public yet, but preparations (1) ____________________ (make) presently for the reopening.
Lots of new and modern facilities (2) ____________________ (put) in place. Some of the exercise machines (3) ___________________ (test) by a group of energetic young people now. A whole new range of courses (4) ____________________ (design) for people of all ages, including tai chi and boxing! I tried out the boxing class and I loved it! The coach, who was a boxing champion, was patient and professional. At the end of the one-hour class, I was sweating all over but felt relaxed.
Despite all these improvements, I have also found something that still needs to be done: so far no basketball court (5) ____________________ (build). I love playing basketball and I hope a basketball court will be built in the near future. I am sure it will make the sports centre more popular.
are being made
have been put
are being tested
have been designed
has been built
B2
In pairs, use the checklist below to role-play the interview.
Reporter: Mr Lin, thank you for agreeing to this interview. May I ask what has been prepared for the sports meeting
Mr Lin: Well, the date of the sports meeting has been decided: 14 May.
…
Reporter: Thank you for your time, Mr Lin. I hope the school sports meeting will be a great success!
Applying the rules
Possible version
Reporter: Mr Lin, thank you for agreeing to this interview. May I ask what has been prepared for the sports meeting
Mr Lin: Well, the date of the sports meeting has been decided: 14 May.
Reporter: What about the location
Mr Lin: The location has been decided. The sports meeting will be held in the new school sports centre.
Applying the rules
Reporter: How many sports events will there be for the sports meeting this year
Mr Lin: Last year, we had 30 medal events. Five more are being considered for this year.
Reporter: What are the rules for each sport
Mr Lin: They haven’t been decided yet.
Reporter: Has all the equipment been put in place yet
Mr Lin: No. The equipment is being prepared for now.
Reporter: Thank you for your time, Mr Lin. I hope the school sports meeting will be a great success!
Applying the rules
Describe the following pictures with as many sentences with passive voice in the present continuous or present perfect tenses as possible.
Applying the rules
1. Describe a self-chosen situation using as many sentences with passive voice in the present continuous and present perfect tenses as possible.
2. Finish Part C on Page 64 in the workbook.
Homework
语法感知
语 法 导 学
感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
1.Haven’t your problems been solved
2.What is being done to the machine
3.Our facilities have been enlarged and redone.
4.The ink has not been removed from the clothes.
5.The plan is not being discussed at the meeting now.
6.How many buildings have been built in your school
7.Is the house you bought last month being decorated now
8.The finishing touches are now being put to a new swimming pool.
9.The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks.
1.以上句子中，句2、句5、句7、句8都用了 ，其谓语构成是： 。其中句8是现在进行时被动语态的____
句式；句5是 句式；句7是 句式；句2是 句式。
2.以上句子中，句1、句3、句4、句6、句9都用了 ，其谓语构成是： ，其中句3和句9是该时态的 句式；句4是 句式；句1是 句式；句6是 句式。
现在进行时的被动语态
am/is/are＋being＋done
肯定
否定
一般疑问
特殊疑问
现在完成时的被动语态
has/have＋been done
一般疑问
特殊疑问
肯定
否定

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