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先帝创业未半而中道崩，今天下三分，益州疲弊
，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣不懈于内，忠
志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛
下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气
，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。
宫中府中，俱为一体，陟罚臧否，不宜异同。若有
作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛
下平明之理，不宜偏私，使内外异法也。
侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费祎、董允等，此皆良实，志
虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下。愚以为宫中之事
，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨补阙漏
，有所广益。
将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，
先帝称之曰能，是以众议举宠为督。愚以为营中
之事，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和睦，优劣得所。
亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，
远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与臣论
此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。侍中、尚书、
长史、参军，此悉贞良死节之臣，愿陛下亲之信之
，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。
臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻
达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于
草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝
以驱驰。后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难
之间，尔来二十有一年矣。
先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来，
夙夜忧叹，恐托付不效，以伤先帝之明，故五月渡
泸，深入不毛。今南方已定，兵甲已足，当奖率三
军，北定中原，庶竭驽钝，攘除奸凶，兴复汉室，
还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至
于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、祎、允之任也。
愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效，则治臣之罪，
以告先帝之灵。若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、
允等之慢，以彰其咎；陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹善道，
察纳雅言。深追先帝遗诏，臣不胜受恩感激。
今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。
天
地
轩
辕
太
乾
坤
Book 1 Unit 5
Languages around the World
Reading and Thinking
Lead in
How many types of calligraphy do you know
calligraphy
Seal script
篆书
隶书
Official script
草书
Cursive script
行书
Running script
楷书
Standard script
(the art of producing) beautiful writing, often created with a special pen or brush
Lead-in:
Can you recognize the following symbols
鹿
鱼
马
鸟
Lead-in:
Can you recognize these symbols What characters are they
口
日
水
力
田
火
月
山
picture-based symbols
simplified Chinese characters
基于图形的符号
简体字
Lead-in:
Oracle bone inscriptions
They are symbols carved on animal bones or shells.
Ancient Chinese people created them as early as over 3000 years ago.
bone
shell
Watch a video about Jiaguwen.
Pre-Peading
Look at the title and picture below. Predict what the text will be about.
The text may be about the _____________________ and its history from _______ to ____________.
topic
focus
Chinese writing system
the past
the present
Scan the text to find the words and phrases that describe a time.
Scan
Scanning is to look at the text quickly to find specific information, such as dates or numbers.
The passage is organized in the order of _____.
time
Pre-Reading
Time order
What’s the writing style of the text
Narration
B. Argument
C. Exposition
past
present
While-Reading
Read for the main idea and structure.
A. The writing system became well-developed, and later developed into different forms.
F. The Chinese language is helping to spread China's culture and history to the world.
B. The Chinese writing system is one of the reasons why Chinese civilization has survived into modern times.
C. The writing system began to develop in one direction.
E. Written Chinese was a picture-based language at the beginning.
D. Written Chinese connects China's present with its past, and has become an art form.
Para.1
Para.2
Para.3
Para.4
Para.5
Para.6
How many parts can this passage be divided into Why
While-Reading
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
Part 1: _______
Para.1
Part 2: _______
Para. 2-4
Part 3: _______
Para. 5-6
Topic
Development
Importance
general
general
specific
Read for the main idea and structure.
①China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has
continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
Part1 (Para. 1 ) Topic
ancient civilisation
passed down/survived
Why can Chinese ancient civilisation pass down
Read for detailed information and language features.
定语从句
定语从句
While-Reading
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi.
定语从句
Written Chinese was a _____________________.
picture-based language
At the
beginning
Read for detailed information and language features.
By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600-1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221-207BCE).
when引导定语从句
现在分词作结果状语
These symbols had become a ________________ writing system.
well-developed
By the Shang Dynasty
Over the years
The system developed into ______________.
different forms
as引导原因状语从句
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
定语从句
让步状语从句
The Qin Dynasty
Chinese writing system began to ____________________.
develop in one direction
Even today
Chinese people can all still ________________ in writing.
communicate
divided geographically
many varieties of dialects and characters
With one writing system, Chinese people can with each other and develop the together.
unified
communicate
culture
over the years
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.
定语从句
定语从句
定语从句
时间状语从句
In modern times
Today
People can read the ____________ written in ancient times, and regard __________________ as an art form.
Chinese calligraphy
classic works
Chinese writing system is still an _____________________.
important part of Chinese culture
At the beginning
Past
Written Chinese is a _________
language.
Symbols became a ____________
writing system.
The system developed into
___________.
Chinese writing
system began to
___________
___________.
picture-based
well-developed
different forms
develop in one direction
In the Qin Dynasty
Over the years
By the Shang Dynasty
Chinese people can
all still__________
in writing.
People read___________
written by Chinese in ancient time, and regard
__________________as an art form.
Chinese writing is
an important part of ________________.
communicate
classic works
Chinese calligraphy
Chinese culture
Even today
In the modern times
Today
Present
Challenge:Retell how the Chinese writing system developed
and connectedthe past and the present.
At the beginning
By the Shang Dynasty
The Qin Dynasty
Today
Over the years
the present
the past
connected
Future
马
picture-based
well-developed
different forms
one direction
part of Chinese culture

began
developed
divided
unified
Read the text, decide the following sentence is true or false.
1. During Shang Dynasty, the Chinese writing system
began to develop in one direction.
2. The symbols which were carved in longgu can
no longer be seen in today’s hanzi.
3. The Chinese writing system is one of the main reasons why Chinese ancient civilisation continued all the way through modern times.
4. Today, not many international students are learning Chinese writing system.
5. Qinshihuang plays an important role in uniting the Chinese writing system.
still
Qin
an increasing number of
Post-reading:
Do you think Chinese writing system important for China
important

2.That writing system was
of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
3.Written Chinese has also become an important means
by which China’s present is connected with its past.
1.There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
4.Today, the Chinese writing system
is still an important part of Chinese culture.
What expressions about “important” are mentioned in the text
What does each “importance” refer to
That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. (Para. 4)
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past. (Para. 5)
The high regard for the Chinese writing system…as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. (Para. 5)
…the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs…(Para. 6)
connect _____________ with ____________
connect _____________ with ____________
connect _____________ with ____________
connect _____________ with ____________
people
culture
the past
the present
language
art
China
world
Read the text again and discuss the questions.
1. How did written Chinese unify Chinese people divided by geography and dialects
2. How does written Chinese connect Chinese people today with those of the past
3. According to the writer, the Chinese writing system is one factor that has helped the Chinese language and culture survive. What do you think are some of the other factors
: Reflection, discussion and Sharing
Post-Reading
1. How did written Chinese unify Chinese people divided by geography and dialects
It allowed Chinese people,no matter where they lived or what dialect they had, to communicate with each other.
2. How does written Chinese connect Chinese people today with those of the past
Chinese people today can read and understand classic works from ancient times.
(3)According to the writer, the Chinese writing system is one factor that has helped the Chinese language and culture survive. What do you think are some of the other factors
Post-Reading
◆the continuous development of China's agriculture
◆ an open mind to embrace different cultures
◆ the invention of papermaking and printing
◆ education
◆ computers or phones
......
Post-Reading
As teenagers, what can we do to help the Chinese writing system survive longer
c
r
r
a
h
t
a
c
s
e
herish
onor
ppreciate
pread
ecommend
njoy
espect
reasure
dmire
heer for
Characters
Cherish Chinese characters,
protect Chinese culture,
and spread it to the world.
Thank You!

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