资源简介

(共24张PPT)
如何写好
自然灾害类
应用文
开头段：直入主题，说明背景与目的
· 简要描述灾害（时间、地点、名称）。
· 点明写作目的（倡议援助、普及知识、报道情况等）。
核心写作框架
· 常用句式：
· “I am writing to draw your attention to the recent devastating earthquake that struck...”（倡议书）
· “As we all know, floods have become increasingly frequent in our region. Today, I’d like to share some essential tips to...”（演讲稿）
· “Here is a brief report on the typhoon that hit our city last week.”（报道）
主体段：详细阐述，逻辑展开
· 倡议援助类：说明灾情严重性（人员伤亡、财产损失）→ 呼吁具体帮助（捐款、物资、志愿者）。
· 知识普及/建议类：分点说明预防措施、应对步骤、必备物品。
· 事件报道类：按时间顺序叙述灾害经过→ 政府民众应对→ 当前状况。
结尾段：总结呼吁，升华情感
· 重申重要性或紧迫性。
· 发出号召或表达信心与祝愿。
· 常用句式：
· “Every little help counts. Let’s join hands and pull through this difficult time together.”
· “By following these steps, we can significantly reduce the risks.”
· “We believe that with concerted efforts, the affected areas will be rebuilt.”
重点词汇
灾害类型词汇
Types of Disasters
地质类
· earthquake 地震
· aftershock 余震
· landslide 山体滑坡
. mudslide 泥石流
· volcanic eruption 火山喷发
· tsunami 海啸
· flood 洪水
· flash flood 暴洪
· typhoon台风
. hurricane飓风
· tornado 龙卷风
· drought 干旱
· blizzard 暴风雪
· wildfire野火
气象水文类
动词（描述灾害发生与破坏）
· strike 袭击
· sweep across / through 席卷
· cause / lead to 导致
· destroy 彻底摧毁
· damage 损坏
· submerge 淹没
· cut off 切断 (Roads were cut off.)
· trigger 引发
描述灾害与影响
2. 形容词（描述灾害性质与程度）
· severe / serious 严重的
· destructive 毁灭性的
· powerful / violent 强烈的，猛烈的
· unpredictable 不可预测的
· frequent 频繁的
· widespread 大范围的
3. 名词
· casualty 伤亡人员（可数）
· victim 受害者，遇难者
· survivor 幸存者
· death toll 死亡人数
· damage / destruction 破坏/毁坏
· infrastructure 基础设施 (道路、桥梁、电力等)
· shelter 避难所
· emergency 紧急情况
· shortage 短缺
预警与准备
· warning / alert 预警
· forecast 预报
· evacuate 疏散
· prepare an emergency kit 准备应急包
· make an emergency plan 制定应急计划
应对与行动词汇
2. 救援与恢复
· rescue 救援
· rescue team/worker 救援队/人员
· relief 救济
· relief supplies/materials 救援物资
· donate 捐赠
· volunteer 志愿者
· rebuild / reconstruct 重建
· provide first aid 提供急救
· restore 恢复 (电力、通讯等)
· heartbreaking 令人心碎的
· our hearts go out to... 我们心系/牵挂...
· sympathy / compassion - 同情
· solidarity 团结
· mutual aid 互助
· Unity is strength. 团结就是力量。
· overcome difficulties 克服困难
情感、态度与升华类词汇
· natural disaster-prone areas 自然灾害频发地区
· take a heavy toll on... 对...造成重大损失/伤亡
· in the wake of the disaster 灾难过后
· be trapped under the rubble 被困在瓦砾下
· launch a rescue operation 展开救援行动
· extend a helping hand 伸出援手
· make a contribution 做出贡献
· face the challenge bravely 勇敢面对挑战
高级实用短语搭配
高分表达
精准描述灾害· 词汇库：
· 灾害类型：earthquake, flood, typhoon/hurricane, wildfire, drought, landslide, tsunami
· 描述影响：devastating, catastrophic, severe, cause casualties, destroy infrastructure, cut off electricity/water supplies, displace thousands of people
2. 详细列出行动建议（重中之重）
· 预防阶段 (Prevention)：
· Make an emergency plan and prepare a survival kit.
· Stay informed about weather alerts.
· Reinforce houses and clear drains in advance.
· 应对阶段 (During)：
· Evacuate immediately if ordered.
· If trapped, send distress signals and conserve energy.
· Avoid using electrical appliances.
· 灾后阶段 (After)：
· Check for injuries and provide first aid.
· Be cautious of secondary disasters.
· Follow official instructions for returning home.
3. 呼吁与升华
· 体现同理心：Our hearts go out to the victims.
· 强调团结：Unity is strength.
Together, we can make a difference.
· 展望未来：With resilience and mutual aid, we will overcome the challenges.
近期某地遭遇洪灾，请你以学生会名义写一份倡议书，呼吁同学们捐款捐物。
Dear fellow students,
I am writing on behalf of the Student Union to appeal for your support for the victims of the severe floods that hit LinHai City last week. The disaster has caused massive damage, leaving thousands homeless and in urgent need of help.
范文示例
The situation remains challenging. Many people have lost their homes, and basic supplies like food, clean water, and medicine are running short. Local schools and hospitals are also damaged. To help our fellow citizens pull through this difficult time, we call for your kind contributions. You can donate daily necessities such as clothes, blankets, and canned food. Monetary donations are also welcome, as they allow for the purchase of exactly what is needed most.
Every contribution, big or small, can make a real difference. Let’s act now and show our care and solidarity. Please bring your donations to the Student Union office by this Friday. Thank you for your generosity and compassion.
The Student Union
June 10, 202..
Thank You

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