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(共37张PPT)
独立主格丨with复合结构
If weather permits, I am going to visit you tomorrow.
Weather permitting, I am going to visit you tomorrow.
定义
非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，这种结构属于独立主格结构。
独立主格结构
Absolute Structure
特点
它不依赖于主句，相对独立
它的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致
它是一种结构，不是一个句子
独立
主格
结构
He stood there, tears streaming down his cheeks.
All the homework finished, he finally could relax.
两个动作有各自的发出者，两个部分相对独立。故称作独立主格结构。
① The girl was reading the book carefully.
② The breeze blew her hair.
词汇 音标 释义
breeze /bri z/ n. 微风
curtain / k t( )n/ n. 窗帘
blow /bl / v. 吹动
flutter / fl t (r)/ v. 飘动
思考：如何用独立主格将第二个句子接到第一个上去。
翻译：1.女孩认真读着书
2.微风吹动她的头发
①
The
girl
was reading
the
book
carefully
.
②
The
breeze
blew
her
hair
.
①
The
girl
was reading
the
book
carefully
②
The
breeze
blew
her
hair
.
,
①
The
girl
was reading
the
book
carefully
②
the
breeze
blew
her
hair
.
blowing
主动
,
①
The
girl
was reading
the
book
carefully
②
the
breeze
her
hair
.
blowing
主动
,
合：The girl read the book carefully the breeze blowing her hair.
主动
接下来再试试下面的句子（用独立主格合二为一）。
① The girl read the book carefully.
② The curtain fluttered in the breeze.
第一组
第二组
① The short-haired girl read a book.
② The sun streamed into the room.
,
1. The girl read the book carefully,
the curtain fluttering in the breeze.
2. The short-haired girl read a book, the sun streaming into the room.
合：The girl read the book carefully the breeze blowing her hair.
主动
3. The girl sat in front of the window, a cat sleeping beside her.
第三组
① The girl sat in front of the window.
② A cat slept beside her.
① She knelt on the ground.
② Her school bag was open.
第四组
词汇 音标 释义
kneel /ni l/ v. 跪
sunset / s nset/ n. 夕阳
① The story happened at sunset.
② The sky was painted in warm colors.
第五组
① The girl was helping the creature.
② Her phone was on.
第六组
① The girl was helping the creature.
② Her hat was on the ground.
第七组
合：She knelt on the ground, her school bag open.
合： The story happened at sunset, the sky painted in warm colors.
合： The girl was helping the creature, her phone on.
合： The girl was helping the creature, her hat on the ground.
be动词理论上要变为being，但为了语言的简洁明快，所以可以直接去掉。
独立主格改写方式：
1.谓语如果含有be动词，那就直接去掉be动词即可。
2.谓语如果不含be动词，那就看谓语和主语的关系:
1)如果是主动关系，那就把谓语变成现在分词doing;
2)如果是被动关系，就把谓语变成过去分词done;
3) 谓语如果表示的是将来的一个动作，那就变成动
词不定式to do。
独立主格结构的类型：
1. She knelt on the ground, her school bag open.
3. The girl was helping the creature, her hat on the ground.
2. The girl was helping the creature, her phone on.
4. The girl read the book carefully, the breeze blowing her hair.
5. The story happened at sunset, the sky painted in warm colors.
逻辑主语 +
adj.
adv.
介短
非谓
doing
done
to do
主动进行
被动完成
将要发生
注意该结构中的adv主要指以下地点、方位的副词：on/off/in/out/up/down/away
6.He looked at me, so many words to say.
名词
名词/代词（逻辑主语） + 非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词短语/名词
注意：独立主格版there be结构
There being+名词/代词
1. There being nothing to do, we had to go home.
没有什么事情可做，我们只好回家。
2. There being no bus, I decide to walk home.
没有公交车，我决定走路回家。
祁阳一中高三英语备课组
“副词”不硬译，
“动词”来报到。
on/off 开关与亮灭，
up/down 上下与抬垂。
in/out 里外和收放，
away 表示人已遥。
副词含义记忆口诀
用独立主格结构“逻辑主语+副词”补全句子：
1. 他睡着了，灯还亮着。
2. 她离开了房间，电脑关着。
3.他站在那里，头低垂着。
4. 火情很危险，火还没有熄灭。
He fell asleep, _______________.
She left the room, __________
______________.
He stood there, ________________.
The fire is dangerous, _________
______________.
the light on
the
computer off
his head down
the
fire not out
祁阳一中高三英语备课组
No one to remind me,
I may forget about it.
The guide leading the way,
we soon got out of the forest.
The task completed, they felt relieved.
I received many gifts, most of them books
The boy came in, his face red.
Class over,
the students rushed out of the classroom.
He came in, book in hand(=a book in his hand).
独立主格结构形式
1.逻辑主语+不定式
2.逻辑主语+ing
3.逻辑主语+done
4.逻辑主语+名词
5.逻辑主语+形容词
6.逻辑主语+名词
7.逻辑主语+介词短语
他的朋友今晚要来，他正忙着准备晚餐。(主语+不定式)
做完作业后，汤姆去睡觉了。(主语+分词)
他与老虎搏斗，棍子是他唯一的武器。(主语+名词)
我听说她在这场事故中受伤了, 心中充满担忧。(主语+形容词)
他低头坐在桌子边。(主语+副词)
老师在他的胳膊下夹着一本书进来了。(主语+介词短语)
祁阳一中高三英语备课组
Challenge（使用独立主格翻译以下句子）
祁阳一中高三英语备课组
Challenge（使用独立主格翻译以下句子）
1.他的朋友今晚要来，他正忙着准备晚餐。(主语+不定式)
His friends to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.
2.做完作业后，汤姆去睡觉了。(主语+分词)
His homework finished, Tom went to sleep.
3.他与老虎搏斗，棍子是他唯一的武器。(主语+名词)
He fought the tiger, a stick his only weapon.
4.我听说她在这场事故中受伤了, 心中充满担忧。(主语+形容词)
I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of concern.
5.他低头坐在桌子边。(主语+副词)
He sat at the table, head down.
6.老师在他的胳膊下夹着一本书进来了。(主语+介词短语)
The teacher came in, a book under his arm.
高考链接：阅读理解长难句
( 2022 浙江卷 ) ：
Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer, each designed to give them better cover from predators (捕食者).
大多数这种兔子的毛皮会在冬天是白色，夏天变成棕色，每个颜色都为了让自己能够更好地躲避捕食者。
祁阳一中高三英语备课组
高考链接：语法填空
More time __________ (give), we can finish the work.
Time____________(permit), students can find a part-time job to decrease the burden of their family.
He stood in shame, his head down and eyes ________ (lower).
He sat there, his arms __________(cross) in front of his chest.
It ________ (be) Sunday, the street is very crowded.
given
permitting
lowered
crossed
being
祁阳一中高三英语备课组
猜一猜这根“拐杖”是什么？
独立主格结构前加上with，
得到“with的复合结构”
定义：(with+名词以及with的复合结构)
I knew the man with a bunch of flowers
The boy beamed with happiness.
合：The girl read the book carefully, with the breeze blowing her hair.
合： The story happened at sunset, with the sky painted in warm colors.
普通介词短语:
介词+名词（短语）
常做定语或状语
with复合结构:
with+宾语（n.）+宾补
它比一般的介词短语结构更为复杂，故称作复合结构。
Formula
with复合结构：
with + 宾语 + 补足语
名词
代词
名词
形容词
副词
非谓语(doing/done/to do)
介词短语
表达 “伴随，原因，时间，条件，结果” 等
Match
with + 宾语 + 补足语
名词
代词
名词/ 形容词/ 副词/
非谓语(doing/done/to do)/ 介词短语
剪了头发，他看起来年轻多了。
With his hair cut, he looks much younger.
Match
with + 宾语 + 补足语
名词
代词
名词/ 形容词/ 副词/
非谓语(doing/done/to do)/ 介词短语
他喜欢开着门睡觉。
He likes to sleep with the door open.
Match
with + 宾语 + 补足语
名词
代词
名词/ 形容词/ 副词/
非谓语(doing/done/to do)/ 介词短语
手上拿着一堆书，她不得不用嘴咬着一本。
With a pile of books in her hands, she had to carry one with her mouth.
Application（道歉信）
【2016全国卷III】假定你是李华，与留学生Bob约好一起去书店，因故不能赴约。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
表示歉意
说明原因
另约时间
有这么重要的会议要参加，恐怕我不能和你去书店了。
例句
With such an important meeting to attend, I’m afraid I can’t go to the bookstore with you.
Application（建议信）
【2018全国卷I】假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗，请你回复邮件。内容包括：
到达时间
合适的礼物
餐桌礼仪
你应当在大家入座后开始吃饭，而且嘴里有食物时最好不要说话。
例句
You may start your dinner everyone is properly seated and try not to talk
with your mouth full of food.
when
with food in your mouth.
Application（读后续写）
【2020浙江I卷】读后续写
原文讲述了一个男孩离别父母和他的爱犬Poppy去上大学后，Poppy情绪低落，食不甘味；为了帮助其摆脱困境，男孩的父母想了一个办法 -- 为Poppy找了一个小伙伴。男孩回家后看到…
在得知Poppy的遭遇后，男孩拥抱了这两个可爱的小家伙，泪水顺着他的脸颊滚落下来。
例句
After learning what happened to Poppy, the boy hugged the two lovely creatures
with tears rolling down his cheek.
① with＋one’s eyes＋full of + 情绪名词
with+名词、with复合结构在读后续写中的应用
（用于情绪描写）
with + 情绪名词 作状语
2. 眼睛
3. 眼泪
① with tears filling her eyes
② with＋one’s eyes＋sparkling/
twinkling with + 积极情绪名词
② with tears rolling/streaming down one’s face/cheeks
4. 心脏
with one’s heart pounding/beating/ thumping/ racing with + 情绪名词（excitement/ nervousness/ fear/ terror/ horror）
祁阳一中高三英语备课组
1. 通用
WRITING
祁阳一中高三英语备课组
情境设定：主人公在荒野中迷路待了一整夜。终于熬到黎明时分，几缕阳光照在他身上，他缓缓睁开了眼睛，庆幸自己得救了。
He saw the sunlight. He felt happy. He smiled. He felt strong emotions. He had tears in his eyes. He stood up and felt hopeful again.
请使用下面提供的根据要求将以下文本进行改写（85词以内）。你的目标是：
1. 增加细节：把“阳光”描述得更具体。
2. 刻画情绪：用 with 复合结构/独立主格结构来生动地描写眼睛、心脏和眼泪所传达的情绪。
3. 替换普通词汇：用更优美、具体的短语/句型来代替“felt happy”、“smiled”等简单表达。
A few rays of sunlight streamed through the leaves and shone on him. As the sun rose slowly, chasing away the night, he looked up. With his eyes sparkling with hope, a bright smile lit up his face. His heart racing with relief and joy, he struggled to his feet. With tears of gratitude streaming down his cheeks, he stood there, beaming with the happiness of survival.
情境设定：主人公在荒野中迷路待了一整夜。终于熬到黎明时分，几缕阳光照在他身上，他缓缓睁开了眼睛，庆幸自己得救了。
1.独立主格结构是一种结构，不是一个句子，不需要用谓语动词。
2.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它有自己逻辑上的主语，表达相对独立的意思，它独立存在。
3.独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开。
4.在句中只作状语，并可对主句进行补充说明。
5.名词或代词与后面的分词构成一定的关系：如与现在分词（doing)构成主谓关系或与过去分词(done)构成动宾关系等。
6.独立主格结构前加上with，得到“with的复合结构”即
“with+宾语（n.）+宾补”
Summary
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