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(共18张PPT)
Unit 4 Body Language
Learning About Language
Learning objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Enhance your own vocabulary through learning about the different forms of the words;
Understand the difference in meaning of words that are spelt the same based on their parts of speech or usage;
Grasp and practise words in context;
Get into the habit of looking up dictionaries during learning.
Three ways of word formation:
构词法
1.转化 Conversion
2.合成 Compounding
3.派生/缀合 Derivation
4.缩略法 Abbreviation
5.截短法 Clipping
Now, let’s watch a video about English word-formation.
1. 转化法(Conversion)：也叫 “零派生法”，（Zero Derivation）是英语中最简洁、最常用的构词法之一，核心定义是：不改变单词的拼写形式，仅通过改变其语法词性（如名词→动词、形容词→名词），从而产生新含义、形成新词的方法。
转化法的核心特点：
1.拼写不变：新词与原词的字母组合完全一致，无任何形式变化（这是与派生法、合成法的核心区别）；
2.词性改变：核心变化是语法功能的转换（如名词作动词、形容词作名词）；
3.语义关联：新词的含义通常与原词密切相关，多是原词语义的延伸或场景化应用（不会完全脱离原词本义）。
词（名词） 转化词（动词） 例句
book（书） book（预订） I need to book a flight to Beijing.
water（水） water（浇水） She waters the flowers every morning.
doctor（医生） doctor（诊治） He doctored the wounded soldier on the battlefield.
park（公园） park（停车） Can I park my car here
email（邮件） email（发邮件） I’ll email you the report tonight.
原词（动词） 转化词（名词） 例句
run（跑） run（跑步；短途旅行） Let’s go for a run after dinner.
look（看） look（样子；一瞥） She gave him a strange look.
build（建造） build（建筑；构造） The new building is a modern build.
win（赢） win（胜利） That’s a big win for our team.
help（帮助） help（帮手；帮助） He’s a great help in the office.
2.派生(Derivation)：通过在基础单词（词根 / 词干）前添加前缀（Prefix）、或后添加后缀（Suffix），甚至同时添加前后缀，改变原词的含义、词性或语义色彩，从而构成新词的方法。
组成部分 定义 位置 核心作用
词根 单词的核心语义单元，承载单词最基本的含义（无词性） 单词中心 决定单词的核心语义（如port=“搬运”，vis=“看”）
前缀 附加在词根前的词缀 词根前 主要改变单词的含义（如 “肯定→否定”“时间→空间”），不改变词性（少数例外）
后缀 附加在词根 / 词干后的词缀 词根 / 词干后 主要改变单词的词性（如名词→动词、形容词→副词），可轻微调整语义（如褒义→贬义）
前缀 含义 例子
dis- un- 否定 dislike
unhappy
re- 再一次 retell
pre - 事先，先前 prehistory
sub- 向下 subway
后缀 含义 例子
-ist 一类人 journalist
artist
-ive ....的 creative
active
-ness 表名词 vastness
darkness
-al ...的 traditional
natural
Fill in the table with different forms of the words. Refer to a dictionary if necessary.
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
differ
vary
rely
interact
approve
embarrass
difference
different
differently
variance/variable/
variability/variation
variable/various/varied
variously/variably
reliance/reliability
reliable
reliably
interaction
interactive
interactively
approval
approving/approved
approvingly
embarrassment
embarrassing/embarrassed
embarrassingly
1. I rest my head on the desk to get some rest.
2. The child displayed great interest in the huge fireworks display.
rest
v. to place or put
n. when someone stops doing things so their body can recover energy
display
v. to show
n. a show
v. 依靠
n. 休息
v. n. 表演
Work out the meanings of the underlined words in the sentences below. In pairs, list more words of the same kind.
3. Most students favour the plan, while their teachers are in favour of it.
favour
v. to prefer or like; (in) favour (of)
n. being for, approving of
v. 较喜欢
n. 赞同，支持
4. Jeremy witnessed the whole incident and was expected the be the key witness
at the trial.
witness
v. to see something especially a crime or an important event
n. a person who tells what he/she saw to the police or at a trial
v. 目睹
n. 目击者
5. His lack of eye contact when talking with people shows that he lacks
confidence.
6. When he noticed a slight frown on his twin sister’s face, he frowned as well.
lack
n. absence
v. to not have
frown
n. a facial expression that shows sadness or disapproval
v. to make a facial expression that shows sadness or disapproval
v. 缺乏，不足
n. 缺乏
n. v. 皱眉
1. She decided to air her opinions about air pollution at the meeting.
2. We plan to plant a plant in the backyard to decorate the garden.
3. Don’t stay outside too long—this cold wind might give you a cold.
Work out the meanings of more words of the same kind.
v.发表；公开
n.空气
她决定在会议上发表自己对空气污染的看法。
v.种植
n.植物
我们打算在后院种一株植物来装饰花园。
adj.寒冷的
n.感冒
不要在外面呆太久——寒风会使你感冒的
4. I’ll book a seat and buy a new book.
5. We love each other and cherish this true love.
6. Don’t break the rule; let’s take a short break.
v.预定
n.书
我会预订一个座位，再买本新书
v.喜爱
n.爱
我们彼此相爱，珍惜这份真挚的爱。
v.打破
n.休息
别违反规则，我们短暂休息一下吧。
When we think about nonverbal behaviour, or body language, we think about communication. When we think about communication, we think about ___________. So what is our body language _____________ to others Social scientists have spent a lot of time looking at the effects of our body language. We make assessments and inferences from body language. And according to those judgements we ___________ one person and dislike another. So body language provides external ___________ that are influenced by internal thoughts and feelings. Scientists have found that when
demonstrating
interaction
approve of
clues
Read the passage about body language. Fill in the blanks with the correct
forms of the words and phrases in the box.
by contrast by comparison break down interaction demonstrate approve of clue gesture
we feel proud and powerful, we usually straighten up to make ourselves bigger. ___________, when we feel powerless, we tend to slump, making ourselves smaller. It is obvious that our minds can influence our bodies. But is it also true that our bodies can affect our minds Scientific experiments show that if we make powerful __________ long enough, we may actually feel more powerful. People who remember to use positive body language are more likely to feel positive ___________, so some scientists suggest that we use our bodies to try power posing to help ___________ our feelings of shyness and powerlessness.
By contrast
gestures
by comparison
break down
Using Language
Thanks for Listening

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