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专题二　动词
　 动词是指表示动作和状态的词。动词可以分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。
一、实义动词
实义动词有词义，能独立在句中作谓语。有人称、数、各种时态及语态的变化。
1.及物动词和不及物动词
(1)及物动词后须接宾语
I took the dictionary out of my schoolbag just now.刚才，我从书包里把字典拿出来了。
(2)不及物动词
不及物动词自身能表达完整语意，后无须接宾语。
The dance has just ended. 舞会刚刚结束。
2.延续性动词和非延续性动词
(1)延续性动词表示动作是可以持续的，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
Tom has been here for five days.Tom到这里五天了。
(2)非延续性动词又称短暂性动词或终止性动词，表示瞬间动作，动作一发生便立即结束。
Tom arrived here five days ago. Tom五天前到达了这里。
二、连系动词
连系动词无动作意义，其后常接形容词、副词、名词或介词短语等作表语，说明主语的状态、性质、身份、处所等特征。
分类 例词
表状态的系动词 be
表持续的系动词 keep　remain　stay
感官动词 feel　smell　sound　taste　look
表状态变化的系动词 grow　turn　get　fall　become　go
三、助动词
助动词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和其他的动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等方面的差异，用于帮助构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等。
分类 用法
be ①am/is/are＋现在分词，构成现在进行时
②was/were＋现在分词，构成过去进行时
③be＋及物动词的过去分词，构成被动语态
分类 用法
do 有do、does、did三种形式，用于构成疑问句和否定句或用在动词前加强语气
have ①have/has＋过去分词，构成现在完成时
②had＋过去分词，构成过去完成时
will/shall 用于构成将来时态，即will/shall＋动词原形
四、情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的词义，不能单独作谓语，要与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词一般无人称和数的变化，其否定式是在情态动词后加 not(have to除外)。表示疑问时将情态动词提至主语的前面即可。
情态动词 用法
can/could ①表示能力，意为“能；会”
②用于提出请求或建议，could的语气更委婉
③用于推测，could表示可能性，程度要比can弱，可用于各种句式；can常用于否定句或疑问句中，其否定形式can’t表示
“不可能”
情态动词 用法
may/might ①表示请求或许可，意为“可以”。以may引导的一般疑问句，否定回答用can’t/mustn’t
②表示“可能性”，用于推测，可能性的程度弱于can/could
③may表示祝愿，意为“祝……”
④might是may的过去式，用于委婉地请求或表示推测的可能性小
should/ shall should用于提出建议或劝告，意为“应该”，强调义务和责任
shall常用于第一人称，表示提建议或请求
情态动词 用法
will/would will表示意愿和请求，意为“愿意；将；会；定要”
would是will 的过去式，表示意愿或委婉地请求
must ①表示义务、命令或要求，意为“一定；必须”
②表示肯定推测，意为“一定”
③否定形式mustn’t 意为“禁止；不准；不许”
④must引导的疑问句，肯定回答用“Yes，...must.”；否定回答用“No，...needn’t/don’t have to.”
have to 表示客观需求，意为“不得不”，有人称、时态和数的变化，后接动词原形
情态动词 用法
need ①need作情态动词，意为“必要；需要”，主要用于否定句、疑问句中
②构成的一般疑问句，其肯定回答用“Yes，...must.”；否定回答用“No，...needn’t.”
注：need也可作实义动词，意为“需要”。need to do sth.需要做某事
had better 用来表示劝告或建议，意为“最好”，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形
(　 　)1.(2025福建)—I’d like to travel to Shandong.
—Mount Taishan is a place of interest. You can’t 　　　　it.
A.miss B.reach C.change
(　 　)2.(2025福建)—How did you 　　　　the difficult math problem？
—With my teacher’s help.
A.work out B.hear about C.give up
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A
A
(　 　)3.(2024福建) You must 　　　　the traffic rules when riding a bike.
A.make B.explain C.follow
(　 　)4.(2023福建)He is so honest a man that we all 　　　　him.
A.teach B.trust C.refuse
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C
B
(　 　)5.(2022福建)Please 　　　　the lights when you leave the room. Be a greener person.
A.turn off B.turn on C.turn up
(　 　)6.(2021福建)According to the new regulation(规定)，school students
　　　　take their cell phones to the classroom.
A.wouldn’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t
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A
C
(　 　)7.(2021福建)—I haven’t 　　　　your phone number yet. Could you say it again？
—Certainly. It’s 8250-2336.
A.put up B.written down C.thrown away
(　 　)8.(2025福州二检)China 　　　　immediate help for Myanmar (缅甸) soon after the earthquake happened.
A.produced B.provided C.protected
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B
B
(　 　)9.(2025南平二检)—Oh，dear！ I nearly lose heart.
—Cheer up. Life 　　　　be perfect all the time.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t
(　 　)10.(2025南平二检)Being nervous is useless. Just 　　　　，and you may find the way out.
A.calm down　 B.slow down C.break down
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A
A
(　 　)11.(2025宁德一检)As a greener person，we 　　　　save water and electricity in our daily life.
A.ought to B.had better C.dare to
(　 　)12.(2025漳州二检)We should 　　　　the traffic lights to turn green before crossing the street.
A.wait for B.care for C.pay for
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A
A
(　 　)13.(2025漳州一检)—Qiu Qiyuan won the silver medal in the 2024 Olympics.
—Wonderful！ I am 　　　　her next performance.
A.getting used to B.keeping close to C.looking forward to
(　 　)14.(2025泉州二检)It’s going to rain； let’s 　　　　the tent，or we will get wet.
A.set up B.look after C.give back
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C
A
(　 　)15.(2025三明二检)—The film Ne Zha 2 directed by Jiaozi has achieved a huge success.
—Sounds amazing！ Jiaozi’s story tells us success 　　　　hard work and great efforts.
A.requires B.realizes C.remains
(　 　)16.(2025三明一检)It is not a good idea to miss meals and then
　　　　them with ice cream.
A.reduce B.replace C.remove
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A
B
(　 　)17.(2025龙岩二检)—Why are you in a hurry？
—Oh，I would like to 　　　　my friend Julia at the airport.
A.take off B.put off C.see off
(　 　)18.(2024南平二检)—Nancy，　　　　this cap，please.
—Oh，it looks nice on me！
A.try on B.take away C.look after
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C
A
(　 　)19.(2024莆田二检)—Let’s go into nature this weekend，David.
—Good idea. We can 　　　　ourselves.
A.help B.relax C.express
(　 　)20.(2024三明二检)—Does the sports watch belong to Betty？
—It 　　　　be hers. She is the only one that wears the sports watch in our class.
A.can B.must C.might
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B
B
(　 　)21.(2024厦门二检)—Does the color red mean good things in Chinese culture？
—Yes. But writing one’s name in red is not good，and we usually 　　　　it.
A.allow B.advise C.avoid
(　 　)22.(2023龙岩二检)—Mr. Green，　　　　I finish the task today？
—No，you needn’t. You can do it tomorrow.
A.can B.must C.may
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C
B
(　 　)23.(2023宁德一检)—The book costs 50，but I have only 30.
—So you can’t 　　　　it.
A.afford B.borrow C.sell
(　 　)24.(2023莆田二检)—Schools in China have 　　　　labor courses in recent 2 years.
—It aims to help teenagers learn more life skills.
A.taken B.learnt C.offered
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A
C
(　 　)25.(2023泉州二检)—These days I’m reading the novel written by T.C.Smith.
—Excuse me，what does “T.C.” 　　　　？
A.stand for B.look for C.care for
(　 　)26.(2023厦门二检)No one can 　　　　success without working hard.
A.achieve B.accept C.admire
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A
A
(　 　)27.(2023厦门二检)To 　　　　the problem of aging population，people are encouraged to have 3 children in a family.
A.deal with B.argue with C.compare with
(　 　)28.(2023漳州二检)I think you need to add some water to the soup. It
　　　　too salty.
A.tastes　　 B.feels　　 C.smells
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A
A
(　 　)29.(2022福州二检)A basketball flew over and 　　　　George’s right arm. He couldn’t write for three days.
A.cut B.got C.hit
(　 　)30.(2022三明二检)We are supposed to 　　　　smart phones and take more exercise instead.
A.take up B.put away C.give out
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C
B
(　 　)31.(2022厦门二检)—I can’t find my keys again.
—Why don’t you get a fingerprint lock？ Then you 　　　　search for keys in your bag anymore.
A.needn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t
(　 　)32.(2022漳州二检)—Waitress，a glass of orange juice，please.
—Sorry. Orange juice is only 　　　　at breakfast.
A.checked B.served C.cooked
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A
B
(　 　)33.(2021福州三检)—　　　　 I take a photo of the statue？
—No，you mustn’t. Do you see the sign “No Photo”？
A.Must B.Should C.May
(　 　)34.(2021福州三检)As the saying goes，“A friend in need is a friend indeed.” If we help others when they are in trouble，we will_______friends for sure.
A.win B.hurt C.lose
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C
A
( 　 )35.(2021福州二检)Carl dropped his pen but he managed to 　　　　it before it hit the ground.
A.buy B.throw C.catch
(　 )36.(2021南平二检)—Can you 　　　　the paper on the floor for me，Lucy？
—Sure. I’ll put it on your desk.
A.pick up B.cut up C.break up
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C
A
(　 　)37.(2021泉州二检)—I can’t give up smoking，doctor. It’s so hard for me！
— For your health，I’m afraid you 　　　　.
A.may B.can C.have to
(　 　)38.(2021三明二检)—I 　　　　that I didn’t accept your advice when I was young.
—Live in the present.
A.imagine B.explain C.regret
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C
C
(　 　)39.(2021漳州二检)Once a decision has been made，all of us should
　　　　it.
A.get to B.lead to C.stick to
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C

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