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课件(共31张PPT)
专题一　名词
一、名词的分类
分类 含义 例词
专有名词 国名、地名、人名、团体名称、机构名称 China
普通名词 可数名词 个体名词 某类人或事物中的个体 pen
部分集体名词 若干个体组成的集合体 family
分类 含义 例词
普通名词 不可数名词 物质名词 无法分为个体的实物 air
抽象名词 表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念 work
1. 可数名词
可数名词有复数形式，构成名词复数形式的方法分为规则变化和不规则
变化两种。
(1)规则变化
规则 例词
一般情况下加-s apple－apples　ruler－rulers
以s、x、ch、sh结尾的加-es bus－buses　box－boxes　watch－watches　dish－dishes
以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变成i再加-es city－cities　country－countries
规则 例词
以f或fe结尾的，把f或fe变成v，再加-es knife－knives　leaf－leaves
以o结尾的 有生命的加-es tomat－tomatoes　potato－potatoes　hero－heroes
无生命的加-s kilo－kilos　zoo－zoos　photo－photos
(2)不规则变化
分类 例词
oo变ee foot－feet　tooth－teeth　goose－geese
变a为e man－men　woman－women　policeman－policemen
单复数同形 deer－deer　sheep－sheep　fish－fish
只有复数 pants　gloves　scissors
分类 例词
表示“某国人” Chinese－Chinese　Japanese－Japanese
Englishman－Englishmen　Frenchman－Frenchmen
American－Americans　German－Germans
其他变化 mouse－mice　child－children
表示“某国人”
中日不变，英法变，其他s加后面
以man、woman作定语构成的复合名词，变复数时要全变；其他情况一般只变主体名词，而作定语的名词不变，示例：
a man teacher－two men teachers　　a girl student－two girl students
2.不可数名词
不可数名词没有复数，如water、meat、air等。在表示数量时，通常用以下方法：
(1)用some、much、a little、little、a lot of、lots of、plenty of 等表示多少。
(2)若要表示不可数名词的数量，应用“数词＋量词＋of＋名词”这种形式，若数词大于1，量词应用复数形式，如：a glass of water；two glasses of water。
有些名词既作可数名词又作不可数名词，其表示的意义不同。
名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数
orange 橙子 橙汁 time 次数；倍数 时间
room 房间 空间 paper 试卷；报纸 纸张
work 作品 工作 experience 经历 经验
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 wood 树林 木材
二、名词所有格
1.’s所有格
分类 规则 示例
表示有生命的事物 单数名词 加’s Mike’s car　
the girl’s skirt
以s结尾的复数名词 加’ students’ cards
不以s结尾的复数名词 加’s Children’s Day
分类 规则 示例
表示时间、距离、国家、地点、自然现象等无生命的事物 单数名词 加’s the city’s population
复数名词 加’ two hours’ walk
表示两人“共同”拥有 A and B’s Lucy and Lily’s room
表示两人“各自”拥有 A’s and B’s Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms
表示店铺、住宅、诊所等 所有格后 省略名词 at Tom’s
at the doctor’s
通常加个撇s，s结尾只加撇，两人共有最后加，两人各有各自加
谁的地盘谁做主，时间、距离和国家
’s所有格常用来表示节日。
Women’s Day 妇女节　　Father’s Day 父亲节　　Teachers’ Day 教师节
2.of所有格
由“名词＋of＋名词”构成，用来表示无生命名词的所有关系。
Fuzhou is the capital of Fujian Province.福州是福建省的省会。
有些名词的所有关系不用’s或of 表示，而是用to。
the key to the door 这扇门的钥匙　　　　　
the answer to the question 问题的答案
the bridge to the river 通往河边的桥
the way to the park 去公园的路
the exit to the zoo 动物园出口
the entrance to the cinema 电影院入口
钥匙答案桥与路，出口入口都用to
3.双重所有格
由“名词＋of＋’s所有格/名词性物主代词”构成。如果在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用双重所有格的形式来表示所有关系。
Mike is a friend of my father’s.Mike是我父亲的一位朋友。
These are two photos of mine.这些是我的两张照片。
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(　 　)1.(2025福建)In the art classroom，Li Li cut out a thin wood board in the 　　　　of Tian’anmen.
A.place B.size C.shape
(　 　)2.(2024福建)It is a good 　　　　to do some reading before you go to bed every day.
A.habit B.excuse C.result
C
A
(　 　)3.(2023福建)—How is the 　　　　today？
—It’s hot. You don’t need to wear the coat.
A.weather B.traffic C.price
(　 　)4.(2022福建)—Betty，you’d better follow the doctor’s 　　　　and do more exercise.
—I will. Thank you.
A.advice 　　　 B.agreement C.information
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A
A
(　 　)5.(2025福州二检)—Kangkang and Jack have kept in touch with each other since they were young.
—It’s heart-warming to have a 　　　　that has lasted that long.
A.friendship B.discussion C.journey
(　 　)6.(2025莆田二检)—The high 　　　　of the train in China makes travel much faster.
—Yes. It only takes about 5 hours from Fuzhou to Shanghai.
A.cost B.level C.speed
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A
C
(　 　)7.(2025莆田二检)—How do you know the Chinese saying “Rain produces hundreds of grains(谷).” ？
—It shows the 　　　　between weather and farming.
A.choice 　　B.difference C.connection
(　 　)8.(2025厦门二检)—Our history teacher always listens to our ideas，even when they’re different from hers.
—That’s great！ She really deserves(值得) 　　　　for treating students equally (平等地).
A.regret 　　 B.regard C.respect
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C
C
(　 　 )9.(2025厦门二检)I sent an email to my pen pal three days ago，but I haven’t received any 　　　　yet. I’m starting to worry if she didn’t get my message.
A.relation B.risk C.reply
(　 　)10.(2025泉州二检)It’s known that deserts are 　　　　to some animals and plants.
A.secret B.road C.home
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C
C
(　 　)11.(2025三明二检)—Art serves as a 　　　　between different nations.
—Yes. It really helps cross-cultural communication.
A.wall B.palace C.bridge
(　 　 )12.(2024南平二检)—I want to buy a 　　　　for my sister as her birthday gift.
—OK. I know she likes taking photos best.
A.scarf B.camera C.flower
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C
B
(　 　)13.(2024宁德二检)—Is your mother a 　　　　，Dave？
—Quite right. She works in Renmin Hospital.
A.singer B.doctor C.waiter
(　 　)14.(2024莆田二检)—Don’t worry. Try to find something good even in a bad 　　　　.
—OK，I will try it.
A.situation B.suggestion C.direction
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B
A
(　 　)15.(2024漳州二检)—Where’s grandma？
—She’s in the 　　　　preparing dinner for us.
A.library B.kitchen C.bookstore
(　 　)16.(2023南平二检)—March 21st is World Sleep Day and sleep is important to us.
—Yes. A good sleep gives us 　　　　and makes us active during the day.
A.peace B.courage C.energy
B
C
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(　 　)17.(2023泉州二检)—In China，we use red paper for hongbao because red means good luck.
—That’s interesting. I’d like to know more about Chinese 　　　　.
A.customs B.buildings C.dishes
(　 　 )18.(2023三明二检)Pandas are the symbol of peace and friendship. They are China’s national 　　　　.
A.heroes B.treasures C.guests
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A
B
(　 　)19.(2023漳州二检)Adults(成年人)have a great 　　　　on their children，so they should set good examples for their children.
A.dream B.action C.influence
(　 　)20.(2022福州二检)—Sorry，I’m late. There was too much traffic on my way here.
—I don’t think it’s a good 　　　　. You are always late for our date.
A.idea B.excuse C.time
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C
B
(　 　)21.(2022莆田二检)A 　　　　has been carried out to allow all couples to have a third child in China.
A.plan B.policy C.program
(　 　)22.(2022泉州二检)How terrible！ The car was out of 　　　　and hit a tree by the road！
A.control B.breath C.danger
B
A
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(　 　)23.(2022三明二检)Teenagers in China should know about the
　　　　of our traditional Chinese culture.
A.decision B.result C.value
(　 　 )24.(2022厦门二检)A “smize” means smiling with your eyes to show your 　　　　even when you are wearing a mask.
A.kindness B.sadness C.shyness
C
A
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(　 　)25.(2021福州二检)Be careful of the 　　　　. You may cut yourself.
A.knife B.fire C.traffic
(　 　 )26.(2021龙岩二检)—What club would you like to join？
—The 　　　　club. My favorite poet is Du Fu.
A.poem B.chess C.science
A
A
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(　 　)27.(2021南平二检)—Kate，what about going to the 　　　　？
—Sounds fantastic！ Listening to music can make me relaxed.
A.cinema B.concert C.museum
(　 　)28.(2021宁德二检)—Who was the 　　　　of the basketball game on TV last night？
—The Lakers beat the Houston Rockets.
A.player B.reporter C.winner
B
C
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(　 )29.(2021厦门二检)A small 　　　　might change the world greatly.
A.invitation B.introduction C.invention
(　 )30.(2021福州三检)Chen Xiangrong，the hero soldier from Pingnan，Fujian Province，is the 　　　　of China.
A.pride B.capital C.story
C
A
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