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(共20张PPT)
专题八　构词法
英语的构词方法主要有四种：合成法、派生法、转化法和缩略法。
分类 含义 变化
合成法 由两个或两个以上的词构成一个新词 构成的新词词义有变化
派生法 一个词通过加前缀或后缀构成新词 构成的新词词义有变化
转化法 由一类词转化为另一类或几类词 词形不变，词性变化，词义变化
缩略法 一个词通过缩略方法构成一个新词 不改变原词义
一、合成法
分类 例词
合成名词 classroom(教室)　breakfast(早餐)　overcoat(大衣)
合成动词 overcome(克服)　underline(在……下画线)
合成形容词 worldwide(全世界的)　kind-hearted(热心的)　second-hand(二手的)
合成副词 however(然而)　everywhere(到处)　upstairs(在楼上)
合成代词 herself(她自己)　nothing(没有什么)
合成介词 throughout(遍及)　without(没有)
二、派生法
(1)常用前缀
前缀 含义 例词
dis- 表示“不” dislike(不喜欢)　disagree(不同意)
im- impossible(不可能的)　impolite(不礼貌的)
in- incorrect(不正确的)　indirect(间接的)
un- unhappy(不快乐的)　unusual(不同寻常的)
non- non-smoker(不吸烟的人)　non-cooperation(不合作)
前缀 含义 例词
re- 表示“重复” retell(复述)　rewrite(重写)
mis- 表示“错误” misunderstand(误解)　mistake(错误)
tele- 表示“远程” telephone(电话)　 telescope(望远镜)
mini- 表示“小” minibus(小型公共汽车)　miniskirt(超短裙)
super- 表示“超级” supermarket(超市)　superman(超人)
inter- 表示“互相” “在……之间” international(国际的)　interpersonal(人际的)
(2)常用后缀
分类 后缀 例词
构成名词 -or actor(演员)　visitor(参观者)　inventor(发明家)
-er worker(工人)　teacher(教师)
-ist artist(艺术家)　scientist(科学家)
-(i)an politician(政治家)　Italian(意大利人)
-ment agreement(同意)　entertainment(娱乐)
-ness illness(疾病)　kindness(善良)
-tion education(教育)　invention(发明)
分类 后缀 例词
构成形容词 -y snowy(下雪的)　tasty(美味的)
-ly friendly(友好的)　lovely(可爱的)　
-al national(民族的)　environmental(环境的)
-ed/-ing excited(激动的)　relaxing(轻松的)
-ful useful(有用的)　careful(仔细的)
-ous dangerous(危险的)　humorous(幽默的)　
-less homeless(无家可归的)　useless(无用的)
-able enjoyable(有趣的)　reusable(可循环利用的)
分类 后缀 例词
构成动词 -en deepen(加深)　widen(加宽)
-ize apologize(道歉)　modernize(使现代化)
构成副词 -ly carefully(小心地)　quickly(迅速地)
三、转化法
分类 例词
名词→动词 water(水→浇水)　hand(手→传递)
形容词→名词 daily(日常的→日报)　high(高的→最高水平)
动词→名词 look(看，瞧)　talk(谈话)　swim(游泳)
形容词→动词 clean(清洁的→清扫)　slow(慢的→放慢)
副词→动词 down(向下→打倒)
四、缩略法
TV＝television(电视)　
ad＝advertisement(广告)　
DIY＝do it yourself(自己动手制作)
短文填空(节选)
1.(2025福建) Thirty-nine protectors work __________(careful) in the area to protect the great wonder.
2.(2023福建)He ________(real) hopes that the sculpture handicraft will be passed down to the next generation.
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carefully
really
3.(2021福建)As you make your movements，you breathe ________ (deep) and naturally with meditation.
4.(2025福州二检)Everyone is ________(excite) to be part of this old tradition.
deeply
excited
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5.(2025莆田二检)Led by Yang Chunlin，a designer from the Miao ethnic group(苗族)，over 30 farmers and local _________(work) showed local hand-made traditional clothes and shiny silver jewelry(银饰) _________ (proud).
6.(2025漳州二检)In this way，they keep up ancient family culture and 　　 ___________(tradition) customs.
workers
proudly
traditional
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7.(2025龙岩二检)In Chinese culture，if you wear tie-dyed clothes，then you will be ________(luck) and safe.
8.(2025宁德一检)Strawberry tanghulu is another popular _______ (choose)
among people.
lucky
choice
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9.(2025厦门一检)Visitors to Chinese museums can often see ___________ (wonder) examples of lacquerware(漆器).
10.(2025漳州一检)He has won the hearts of people of ________ (difference) ages because of his brave acts and special charm.
wonderful
different
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11.(2023莆田二检)Polk customs of Mazu include sacrificial rituals (祭祀仪式) in Mazu temples，drama performances and playing the traditional _________(music) instruments and so on.
12.(2023厦门二检)In the story，Paddington is kind and ___________ (humor).
musical
humorous
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【补充训练】
一、选择填空
(　 　)1.—Do you like watching 　　　　games？
—Yes. I am a big fan of basketball.
A.USA　　　 B.UN　　　 C.NBA
(　 　)2.The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge(港珠澳大桥) is considered as one of the seven 　　　　of the modern world.
A.wonder B.wonderful C.wonders
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C
C
(　 　)3.Which of the following words is formed in the same way as “classroom”？
A.visitor B.meaningful C.raincoat
(　 　 )4.—Though Mike is a 　　　　boy，he can say many words.
—How clever！
A.two-years-old B.two-year-old C.two years old
C
B
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二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.It was ________ (fair) to blame her for something she didn’t do.
2.We often see some ___________ (home) people in the street in some poor countries.
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3.I tried to talk with them，but they ___________ (agree) with me.
4.Every child wants to be the ________ (proud) of their parents
5.We should _______ (use) paper to protect the environment.
6.Nothing is _____________ (possible) if you put your heart in it.
unfair
homeless
disagreed
pride
reuse
impossible

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