2026年中考复习专题九 简单句课件(共35张ppt)

资源下载
  1. 二一教育资源

2026年中考复习专题九 简单句课件(共35张ppt)

资源简介

专题九 简单句
  英语句子类型按其使用的目的可分为四类简单句:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
一、陈述句
陈述句分为肯定的陈述句和否定的陈述句两种形式。
1.六种基本句型
(1)主+不及物动词(S+V)
(2)主+及物动词+宾(S+V+O)
(3)主+系动词+表(S+V+P)
(4)主+及物动词+间宾+直宾(S+V+IO+DO)
(5)主+及物动词+宾+宾补(S+V+O+OC)
(6)存现句(there be句型)
there be句型中be动词和主语要保持人称或数的一致;如果主语部分有两个或两个以上的并列成分,be动词和邻近的名词在人称和数上要保持一致。
2.陈述句的否定形式
(1)主语+be动词+not+其他
(2)主语+情态动词/助动词(do/does/did/will/shall)+not+动词原形+其他
(3)主语+助动词(have/has)+not+动词的过去分词+其他
(4)There be+not+sb./sth.+地点
①除not外,no、never、nothing、nobody、few、little、none、hardly、seldom等也可构成否定句。
There is nothing wrong with his bike.他的自行车没有毛病。
②too...to...“太……而不能……”,表示否定。
The train travelled too fast for us to see much outside the window.
对我们来说,火车行驶得太快了而无法看到多少窗外的景色。
This math problem is too difficult for me to work out.这道数学题太难了,我解不出来。
二、疑问句
1.一般疑问句
一般疑问句通常以一个助动词、情态动词、系动词be开始,需要用肯定词yes或否定词no来回答,其基本结构为“助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+谓语?”。回答一般疑问句除用yes或no外,也可用其他表示肯定或否定的词如certainly、sure、never等回答。
—Can you finish the work on time? 你能按时完成工作吗?
—Yes,we can./Certainly. 是的,我们能。/当然。
2.特殊疑问句
由疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子为特殊疑问句。常用的疑问代词有what、which、who、whom、whose等,疑问副词有when、where、why、how,疑问词组有how soon“多久以后”、how often“多久一次”、how long“多长;多久”、how far“多远”、how much“多少(钱)”、how old“多少岁”等。
(1)特殊疑问句的两种语序
①疑问词作主语或修饰主语时,其语序是陈述语序:疑问词(+主语)+谓语动词+其他成分?
Who is singing in the room?谁在房间里唱歌?
②疑问词作其他成分,其语序是:疑问词+一般疑问句?
What does she look like?她长什么样?
(2)特殊疑问句的回答
回答特殊疑问句时,不能用yes/no,而是问什么答什么,可以是简略
回答。
3.选择疑问句
选择疑问句是指提出两个或两个以上的选项供对方选择的句式。前一部分是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句,供选择的部分用or连接。选择疑问句回答时不能用yes或no,应从所给的选项中选择一个作为答语,或者根据实际情况回答。
选择疑问句有两种结构:(1)一般疑问句+or+另一选择对象?(2)特殊疑问句,A,B or C?
三、感叹句
1.what引导的感叹句结构
(1)What+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词 (+主语+谓语)!
What a good idea it is! 多么好的一个主意!
(2)What+adj.+复数名词/不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What wonderful races! 多么精彩的比赛啊!
2.how引导的感叹句结构
(1)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
How useful the information is!此信息多么有用啊!
(2)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
How tall a boy he is!他是一个多么高的男孩啊!
(3)How+主语+谓语!
How time flies! 光阴似箭!
what引导的感叹句和how引导的感叹句有时可互换。
3.其他感叹句
直接用单词、短语或句子加感叹号构成。
Wonderful! 太棒了!
Well done! 做得好!
The dog is so lovely! 这条狗真可爱!
四、祈使句
祈使句通常是说话人向对方表达请求、建议、劝说、号召、命令、警告等。在祈使句中,一般没有主语,在祈使句句前或句末可加please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。
祈使句按照其句型结构特点可分为以下五种类型:
分类
常见句式
示例
Be型
肯定形式:Be+形容词.
Be quiet.安静点。
否定形式:Don’t be+形容词.
Don’t be late.不要迟到。
Do型
肯定形式:动词原形+其他.
Take your umbrella.带上你的伞。
否定形式:Don’t+动词原形+其他.
Don’t go outside.不要出去。
分类
常见句式
示例
Let 型
肯定形式:Let+宾语+动词原形+其他.
Let’s go for a walk.我们去散步吧。
否定形式:Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他/Don’t let+宾语+动词原形+其他.
Let him not leave./Don’t let him leave.不要让他离开。
分类
常见句式
示例
No型
No+名词/动词-ing形式.
No entry. 禁止入内。
No parking. 禁止停车。
Never型
Never+动词原形+其他.
Never answer the phone while driving. 绝不要在开车的时候接电话。
五、倒装句
(1)so开头的倒装句,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人(物)。其结构为“So+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”。
—They are allowed to study with friends at night.他们获许晚上和朋友们一起学习。
—So are we.我们也是。
当对上文所说的观点表示赞同或与上文所说情况相符时,用“So+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词”表示“确实如此”,这时不用倒装。
—It’s so hot today.今天真热。
—So it is.的确如此
(2)neither/nor开头的倒装句,表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人(物)。其结构为“neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”。
He didn’t visit the Great Wall. Neither/Nor did I.他没参观过长城,我也
没有。
(3)not only...but (also)...位于句首连接两个分句时,前一个分句中的主谓要用部分倒装,第二个分句则不倒装。
Not only is the girl clever but also she is hard-working.这个女孩不但聪明而且勤奋。
(4)here、there、out、in、down、away等表示方位的副词位于句首时,如果主语是名词(短语),要用完全倒装;如果主语是代词,则语序保持不变。谓语动词的数由倒装句的主语决定。
Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。
Here you are.给你。
一、选择填空
(   )1.(2024福建)     is the biggest blue whale?
—As I know,it weighs about 181,000 kilos.
A.How heavy    B.How long C.How wide
(   )2.(2022福建)—   have you been a member of the Helpers’ Club?
—For two years.
A.How soon B.How long C.How often
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
A
B
(   )3.(2021福建)—     do you play sports,Ella?
—Every day. It’s necessary for us to play sports an hour a day at school.
A.How much B.How often C.How long
(   )4.(2025福州二检)—     will Fuzhou Metro Line F1 be open?
—In about six months.
A.How long B.How often C.How soon
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
B
C
(   )5.(2025福州二检)—My grandfather is learning to edit short videos.
—    ! It’s never too late to learn.
A.What a day B.How comfortable C.What a good example
(   )6.(2025福州一检)—     the club,and enjoy paper cutting with us.
—That sounds great. I’ve always wanted to learn it.
A.To join  B.Join  C.Joining
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
C
B
(   )7.(2025宁德二检)—Hello! I’d like to order this bed.    is it?
—2.2 meters.
A.How deep   B.How tall C.How long
(   )8.(2025厦门二检)—     is it from Xiamen to Shenzhen?
—It’s only about 3 hours’ ride by the fastest high-speed train.
A.How far   B.How long C.How soon
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
C
A
(   )9.(2025漳州一检)—     is your best friend?
—She is the same age as me,14 years old.
A.How old   B.How often C.How long
(  )10.(2024莆田二检)—    do you know about the movie YOLO?
—Sorry,I haven’t seen it yet.
A.How many    B.How much C.How long
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
A
B
(   )11.(2024南平二检)—     bottles of milk would you like?
—Five bottles.
A.How many   B.How much C.How heavy
(   )12.(2022南平二检)—My grandparents often watch TV or read the newspapers to get more information.
—    .
A.So my grandparents do
B.So do my grandparents
C.So are my grandparents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
A
B
(  )13.(2022宁德二检)—Kangkang,   did you spend on the ticket to the magic show?
—About 50 yuan.
A.how long B.how often C.how much
(   )14.(2021福州二检)—     are you learning French?
—My father has found a job in Paris and we’re moving there next month.
A.Why B.When C.How
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
C
A
(   )15.(2021泉州二检)—I don’t have time to go for a trip,for I am always busy doing my work.
—    .I really hope to have plenty of time to travel across the country.
A.Neither do I   B.Neither am I C.So do I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
A
二、看图写话
1.(2025福建) should
______________________________
2.(2025福州二检) like
______________________________
3.(2024福建)  smart
______________________________
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
You shouldn’t take photos. 
The baby likes drinking milk. 
The baby is smart. 
4.(2024厦门一检)  Bob,can
______________________________
5.(2024莆田二检)  not
______________________________
6.(2024三明二检)  there be
______________________________
Bob can play the drums. 
Don’t throw litter around. 
There is a book on the desk. 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
7.(2023南平二检)  what,invention
________________________________________
8.(2023南平一检) there be,swim
________________________________________
9.(2022漳州二检)   taste
________________________________________
What a great/useful/good invention! 
There are some fish swimming (in the water). 
The hamburger tastes delicious.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

展开更多......

收起↑

资源预览