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专题十二　动词的非谓语形式
一、动词不定式
1.构成
肯定式：to＋动词原形，有时可以省略to；否定式：not to＋动词原形。 2.功能
(1)作主语
常用it作形式主语，真正的主语(动词不定式)后置。常见句型：
①It’s＋adj./n.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth.
②It takes sb. some time＋to do sth.
③It’s time (for sb.)＋to do sth.
It’s dangerous to swim in the river. 在河里游泳很危险。
It will take us a few days to get there by bike. 骑自行车到那里要花我们好几天的时间。
It’s time for you to get up. 你该起床了。
(2)作宾语
①常跟在及物动词或短语后作宾语，如：afford、offer、try、would like、prepare等。
常用动词不定式作宾语的动词
三个希望两答应(hope、wish、want、agree、promise)
两个要求莫拒绝(demand、ask、refuse)
设法学会做决定(manage、learn、decide)
不要假装在选择(pretend、choose)
②动词think、find等后面，可以用it作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的
宾语。
句型：Sb. think(s)/find(s) it ＋ adj. ＋ to do sth.
My mother thinks it relaxing to take a walk after dinner. 我妈妈觉得晚饭后散步很放松。
(3)作表语
通常放在系动词be、seem等之后。
The plan is to finish the project by Friday.计划是在星期五之前完成这个
项目。
(4)作定语
常放在所修饰的名词或代词的后面作后置定语；若是不及物动词，要在不定式后加介词。
I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有好消息要告诉你们。
I need a chair to sit on. 我需要一把椅子坐下来。
(5)作状语
主要用来修饰动词，表示目的、原因、结果等。动词不定式作结果状语时，常与enough或too连用，构成“too...to...”或“... enough to...”结构。
He gets up early every morning to catch the first bus.他每天早起是为了赶第一班公交车。
The box is too heavy for me to lift. 这个箱子太重了，我抬不起来。
She is old enough to make her own decisions. 她已经长大了，可以自己做决定了。
(6)作宾语补足语
①有些动词或短语后跟带to的动词不定式作宾补，如：ask、tell、advise、allow、expect、force、would like、order、teach、want、invite、wish等
②有些动词或短语后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补，但变被动语态时需加上to。如：五看(see、watch、notice、observe、look at )；两听(hear、listen to)；三使(make、let、leave)；一感觉(feel)。
谐音助记
“吾”看两“厅”三“室”一感觉
(7) 疑问词＋动词不定式
动词不定式可以与疑问词what、which、when、where、how等连用，构成动词不定式短语，作主语、表语、宾语等。作宾语时，此结构可以转化为宾语从句，该宾语从句通常需要加情态动词或者用将来时。
When to start the project has not been decided yet. 什么时候开始这个项目还没有决定。
My question is what to say at the meeting. 我的问题是在会议上说什么。
Could you tell me where to buy a scarf？＝ Could you tell me where I can buy a scarf？你能告诉我去哪儿买围巾吗？
二、动名词
动名词由“动词＋-ing”构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既具有动词的特征，又具有名词的句法功能，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
1.功能
功能 用法
作主语 单个动名词(短语)作主语，其谓语动词用单数
作宾语 作动词宾语，表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或动作；也可作介词宾语
作表语 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化为作主语
作定语 位于所修饰词之前，只表明所修饰词的用途
后跟动名词的常用词或短语
完成实践值得忙 (finish、practice、be worth、be busy)，
继续习惯别放弃 (keep on、be used to、give up)，
考虑建议不禁想 (consider、suggest、can’t help、feel like)，
喜欢思念要介意 (enjoy、miss、mind)
2.后既可跟动词不定式又可跟动名词的动词或短语
(1)后既可跟动词不定式又可跟动名词作宾语，且意义差别不大的动词有：like、love、hate、begin、start等。
(2)后既可跟动词不定式又可跟动名词作宾语，但意义差别很大的动词(短语)。具体如下：
三、分词*(课标未作要求)
1.构成
(1)现在分词：一般由“动词＋-ing”构成，表示动作正在发生，或表示主动意义。
They sat around the table，singing.他们围坐在桌旁，唱着歌。
(2)过去分词：一般由“动词＋-ed”构成，表示动作已经完成，或表示被动意义。
The carrot eaten by the rabbit is delicious.这只兔子啃的胡萝卜非常美味。
2.功能
(1)作表语
The window glass is broken.窗户玻璃碎了。
(2)作定语
Do you know the girl standing under the tree？你认识站在树下面的那位女孩吗？
(3)作状语
分词作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步等。
Being busy now，I can’t go fishing with you.我现在很忙，不能跟你去
钓鱼。
(4)作宾语补足语
其后可以接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有see、watch、hear、keep、find等，表示动作正在进行；其后可以接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有have、make、get等，有被动含义。
I have my hair cut.我已经(让人)把头发剪了。
一、选择填空
( 　 )1.(2025福建)We will attend the tea festival in our town 　　　more about tea culture.
A.learning　　　 B.to learn　　　 C.learned
(　 　)2.(2022福建)It’s important for us 　　　　hard in order to have a better life.
A.work　　　　　 B.to work C.working
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B
B
(　 　)3.(2021福建)Our school has held many activities 　　　　the 100th birthday of the Communist Party of China.
A.celebrate B.celebrated C.to celebrate
(　 　)4.(2020福建)The twin brothers are busy 　　　　artworks from ocean waste.
A.making B.make C.to make
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C
A
(　 　)5.(2025宁德一检)Chinese athletes did what they could 　　　　in the Paris Olympics.
A.compete　 　 B.competed C.to compete
(　 　)6.(2025漳州二检)—Please remember 　　　　your report by the end of this week.
—No problem，sir.
A.finished B.to finish C.finishing
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C
B
(　 　)7.(2025泉州二检)Our school has made a rule 　　　　students from using smart phones in school.
A.prevent　　 B.to prevent C.prevented
(　 　)8.(2025三明二检)—Does Li Ming have any trouble 　　　　the English song？
—No，he doesn’t. He is good at singing English songs.
A.learn B.learning C.to learn
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B
B
(　 )9.(2025三明一检)Some people think there is life on other planets. The possibility has always encouraged scientists 　　　　the outer space.
A.explore　　 B.exploring C.to explore
(　 　)10.(2024福州二检)Some schools in Fuzhou have built gardens on the rooftops for children 　　　　.
A.relax B.relaxing C.to relax
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C
C
(　 )11.(2024龙岩二检)After sharing different suggestions，it’s time 　　　　and choose the best one.
A.discuss B.to discuss C.discussing
(　 　)12.(2024南平二检)—It’s important to keep ahead on safety.
—Well. My advice is 　　　　some basic first-aid knowledge.
A.knows B.knew C.to know
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B
C
(　 )13.(2024三明二检)Live-streaming (网络直播) offers farmers
chances 　　　　fruit and vegetables across the country.
A.sell　　 B.selling　　 C.to sell
(　 　)14.(2024厦门二检)Parents always expect their children 　　　　a joyful life.
A.lead B.leading C.to lead
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C
C
(　 　)15.(2024漳州二检)“New productive forces” is a hot topic. It means that we should use modern and better ways 　　　　the country grow.
A.help 　　B.to help C.helping
(　 　)16.(2023福州二检)　　　　students’ speaking ability，Fuzhou has had man-machine conversation oral exams these years.
A.Test 　　B.To test C.Testing
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B
B
(　 　)17.(2023龙岩二检)The monkeys were very cute and we couldn’t help 　　　　them.
A.watch 　　 B.to watch C.watching
(　 　)18.(2023三明二检)Beijing is trying to build more and more pocket parks 　　　　people’s living environment.
A.improving 　　 B.improve C.to improve
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C
C
(　 　)19.(2022龙岩二检)—Why are you so excited？
—Guess what！ I’m invited 　　　　the concert.
A.attend 　　B.to attend C.attending
(　 　)20.(2022宁德二检)—Would you mind my 　　　　the window？
—Of course not. It is really hot in the living room.
A.opening 　　B.to open C.open
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B
A
(　 　)21.(2021福州二检)　　　　the report on time，Emma asks all of us to work together.
A.Finish 　 B.Finishing C.To finish
(　 　)22.(2021龙岩二检)—Where do you plan 　　　　during the summer vacation？
—Maybe I will go to Shanghai with my parents.
A.travel 　　B.traveling C.to travel
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C
C
(　 　)23.(2021南平二检)Tony practices 　　　　the guitar hard and often gives wonderful performances.
A.play 　　B.to play C.playing
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C
二、短文填空(节选)
1.(2025福建)In recent years，the government of Tianzhu has spent more and more money ____________ (protect) the wall.
2.(2024福建)It is best ________(know) as a center for software(软件) research，development and services.
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protecting
known
3.(2022福建)One day，an idea came into his mind！ He thought of __________(build) bow-shaped arches(拱) instead of stone supports.
4.(2025福州二检)Lin Xianzhou，who sticks to ________ (keep) this tradition alive，is working hard.
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building
keeping
5.(2025莆田二检改编)In the _________(come) weeks，they will continue to “travel” around the world and visit famous cities like Paris and Milan to introduce Miao traditions.
6.(2024厦门一检)For example，she had difficulty ________(find) materials with traditional patterns. And there were no ready-made herbs.
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coming
finding
7.(2024福州二检)But you must avoid __________(spend) money willy-nilly
(随意地). Not only can it lead to some money problems，it can cause you to forget what’s important in life.
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spending

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