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专题十四　主从复合句
一、宾语从句
1.引导词
引导宾语从句的连接词：从属连词that、if、whether以及连接代词和连接副词。
(1)如果宾语从句是陈述句，常用that引导，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。
He said (that) he could come on time.他说他会准时来的。
(2)宾语从句如果是由一般疑问句转换而来，引导词用if或whether，表示“是否”。
I don’t care whether you like the story or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢这个
故事。
以下情况一般只用whether不用if：
①接带to的动词不定式
She doesn’t know whether to go to the zoo.她不知道是否去动物园。
②与or not连用时
I’m not sure whether or not he will come on time.他能否准时来，我说不准。
③连接词前有介词时
It depends on whether he is coming.这取决于他是否会来。
④宾语从句位于句首时
Whether he will come back，I don’t care.我不在乎他是否会回来。
(3)宾语从句如果是由特殊疑问句变化而来，须将其转化为陈述语序。其中连接代词who、whom、whose、which、what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语；连接副词when、where、why、how在从句中作状语。
It depends on who will design our uniforms. 这取决于谁来设计我们的校服。
She asks what materials they should choose. 她问他们应该选择什么材料。
I don’t know when he will come back.我不知道他何时回来。
2.语序
宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，即“引导词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。
I want to know when the train left. 我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。
3.时态
(1)主句若是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制，可用任意时态。
Please tell me where he was last night.请告诉我他昨天晚上在哪。
(2)主句若是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态。
Her father said that he would buy a new computer the next week.
她爸爸说他下周将买台新电脑。
(3)当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或者客观事实时，不管主句时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。
The teacher told us the earth goes round the sun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
主现从任意，主过从必过，客观真理必用现。
4.否定转移
当宾语从句表示否定意义，主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是think/believe/expect/imagine/guess/suppose等时，一般将否定词not转移到主句的谓语中。
I don’t think Tom will come.我认为Tom不会来。
二、状语从句
1.时间状语从句
连词(短语) 含义及用法
when “当……的时候”，可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和非延续性动词连用
while “在……期间；与……同时”，后跟延续性动词，强调两个动作同时进行
as “当……时；随着”，多用于口语，强调“同一时间”或“一前一后”
连词(短语) 含义及用法
until/till 用于肯定句，意为“直到……为止”，谓语动词用延续性动词
用于否定句，构成not...until...，意为“直到……才”，谓语动词用非延续性动词
since “从……以来”，后常跟一个过去的时间点；主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时
连词(短语) 含义及用法
as soon as “一……就……”，位置比较灵活，可用于各种时态
before “在……之前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前
after “在……之后”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后
We were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in.
老师进来时，我们正在教室里说话。
While we were talking in the classroom，the teacher came in.
当我们在教室里说话时，老师进来了。
We always sing as we walk. 我们总是边走边唱。
I will wait until/till you come back. 我会等到你回来。
I didn’t know anything about it until you told me.
直到你告诉我，我才知道关于此事的情况。
We have lived here since I was eight years old.
自从我八岁以来，我们就住在这。
I will call you as soon as I get back home. 我一回到家就给你打电话。
Remember to turn off the lights before you leave the room. 离开房间前记得关灯。
I went to sleep after I finished the cleaning. 我打扫完后就去睡觉了。
大部分时间状语从句遵循“主将从现、主祈从现、主情从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，或是祈使句，或含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时。
2.条件状语从句
连词(短语) 含义 用法
if 如果 主从句的时态遵循“主将从现、主祈从现、主情从现”的原则
unless 如果不，除非
as long as 只要
You can borrow my book if you promise to return it. 如果你答应归还，你可以借我的书。
You won’t pass this mid-term exam unless you study hard every day.
除非你每天努力学习，否则你不会通过这次期中考试的。
You can come back here at any time as long as you’d like.
只要你愿意，你随时都可以回来这里。
unless 相当于if...not，但unless的语气较强。
3.让步状语从句
连词(短语) 含义及用法
though/although “虽然，尽管”，一般可互换，都不与but连用
even if/though “即使”，表示一种假设情况，都不与but连用
Although/Though it’s hard to finish，he still tries again and again.
虽然很难完成，但他还是一次又一次地尝试。
Even if/though I finish my homework on time，I won’t go to the cinema today.
即使我按时完成作业，今天我也不去看电影。
4.结果状语从句
连词短语 含义 用法
such...that 如此……以至于 such后常跟名词，名词前面可以有形容词修饰
so...that so后常跟形容词或副词
当名词前面有 many、much、few、little等限定词时，应该用 so，而不能用such。
There are so many books in the library that I don’t know which one to choose.
图书馆里有这么多书，我都不知道该选哪一本了。
so...that... 常与not...enough to..或too...to...结构互换
The girl is so young that she can’t go to school.
＝The girl isn’t old enough to go to school.
＝The girl is too young to go to school. 这个女孩太小了，以至于她还不能去上学。
5.目的状语从句
连词短语 含义及用法
so that “为了；以便”，从句中常含情态动词can、could、may、might、would、should等，只能用于句中
in order that “为了”，可与so that互换，可用于句首或句中
He is going to the lecture early so that he may get a good seat.
他打算早点去听讲座，以便找个好座位。
You must study hard in order that you can get good grades.
为了取得好成绩，你必须努力学习。
当主句和从句的主语一致时，目的状语从句可用“in order to do/so as to do/to do”替换，从而将复合句转换成简单句。
He gets up early so that he can catch the early bus.
＝He gets up early in order that he can catch the early bus.
＝He gets up early in order to catch the early bus.
＝He gets up early so as to catch the early bus.
＝He gets up early to catch the early bus.为了赶上早班公共汽车，他很早就起床了。
6.原因状语从句
连词 含义及用法
because “因为”，表直接原因，可回答why 提出的问题
since “既然”，语气比because弱，表示众所周知的原因
as “因为，由于”，语气比since弱
for “因为”，位于主句之后，对前面分句的内容加以解释或说明，表示推断的理由
Since we know each other，I don’t have to make an introduction.
既然我们彼此认识，我就不必自我介绍了。
As you know how to deal with the problem，I don’t need to worry.
因为你知道如何处理这个问题，所以我无须担心。
It rained last night，for the ground is wet this morning.昨晚下雨了，因为今天早上地都湿了。
7.方式状语从句
连词(短语) 含义及用法
as if/though “似乎，好像”，与事实相反时，须用虚拟语气
as “正如……”，常用于句首
As water is to fish，so is air to man.人类离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
8.地点状语从句
地点状语从句常由where、wherever引导，可位于主句之前或之后。
Make marks wherever you have questions. 在任何有问题的地方做出
标记。
Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者，事竟成。
9.比较状语从句
比较状语从句常用as...as、than、not as/so ... as...等引导。
He doesn’t speak English as well as you do. 他英语说得不如你好。
三、关系从句
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫关系从句，也叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的关系词(分为关系代词和关系副词)位于先行词和定语从句之间，它既起连接作用，又充当句子成分。
Please pass me .
1.关系代词
关系代词 指代对象 句中所作成分
that 人或物 主语、宾语或表语
which 物 主语或宾语
who 人 主语、宾语或表语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人或物 定语
The boy that/who/whom you saw yesterday came here again this morning.
你昨天看见的那个男孩今天早上又来了。
(1)关系词只能用that的情况
①先行词为 all、little、much、none、few、something、everything、anything、nothing等不定代词时；
Finally，the thief handed everything that he had stolen. 最终，小偷将所偷之物都上交了。
②先行词前面被 the only、the very、the last等修饰时；
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.这正是我想买的那本字典。
③先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；
This is the most wonderful film that I have seen.这是我看过的最精彩的电影。
④先行词既有人又有物时；
They talk about the people and things that they like on TV.
他们谈论他们在电视上喜欢的人和事。
⑤先行词前面被all、every、much、little、any、no等修饰时；
All the people that are present burst into tears.所有在场的人都哭了。
⑥主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most？哪件T恤衫是最适合我的？
(2)关系词只能用which的情况
①关系代词作介词的宾语时，用“介词＋which”结构。
This is the place in which I grew up. 这是我长大的地方。
②如果先行词本身是that或those时，只能用which。
Those which are on the desk are English books.在桌子上的那些是英语书。
2.关系副词
关系副词 指代对象 句中所作成分
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
Do you know the reason why he was late for school？你知道他上学迟到的原因吗？
一、选择填空
(　 　)1.(2025福建)—Could you tell me 　　　　？
—This Sunday morning.
A.when we will do volunteer work in the community
B.which community we will do volunteer work in
C.who will do volunteer work in the community
(　 　)2.(2024福建)You can feel better 　　　　you take a walk in the park just for 20 minutes.
A.if　　　 　B.before　　 C.until
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A
A
(　 　)3.(2024福建)—Do you know 　　　　　　　？
—Ye Guangfu，Li Cong and Li Guangsu，all born in the 1980s.
A.how the Shenzhou ⅩⅤⅢ entered space
B.when the Shenzhou ⅩⅤⅢ entered space
C.who entered space in the Shenzhou ⅩⅤⅢ
(　 　)4.(2023福建)—Would you please tell me 　　　　？
—By keeping a diary every day.
A.why you want to study English
B.who you often speak English with
C.how you improve your English writing
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C
C
(　 )5.(2022福建)We are making a big cake 　　　　it’s Dad’s birthday today.
A.because　　　　 B.until　 C.once
(　 　)6.(2022福建)—Could you tell me 　　　　？
—In Fuzhou University.
A.when your brother will start
B.what your brother looks like
C.where your brother is studying
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C
(　 　)7.(2021福建)We all miss Wu Mengchao 　　　　saved thousands of lives in his medical work.
A.which　　 B.what　　 C.who
(　 　)8.(2021福建)—Do you know 　　　　？
—Sure. On May 15th.
A.where China’s Tianwen-1 probe landed
B.how China’s Tianwen-1 probe landed on Mars
C.when China’s Tianwen-1 probe landed on Mars
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C
C
(　 　)9.(2025福州二检)—I want to know 　　　　.
—It offers many resources and makes life more convenient.
A.how can DeepSeek help us
B.what DeepSeek can do for us
C.why DeepSeek has many resources
(　 　)10.(2025福州一检)We have seen much convenience 　　　　AI came into use.
A.since B.until C.if
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A
(　 　)11.(2025南平二检)—Sara has a strong mind.
—Yes. 　　　　she makes a decision，nothing can stop her.
A.Once　　 B.Unless　　 C.Because
(　 　)12.(2025南平二检)The wise saying “When I walk along with two others，I may be able to learn from them.” tells us 　　　　.
A.how we treat others
B.who we can learn from
C.where we can learn
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B
(　 )13.(2025宁德一检) —Could you give me some advice on 　　　？
—Cut down the time you spend on the screen.
A.when we need to realize the program
B.how we can improve our eyesight
C.where we should search for the information
(　 　)14.(2025泉州二检)Don’t forget to sort the waste 　　　　you put it into the dustbin.
A.before B.until C.since
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A
(　 )15.(2025三明二检)You will never truly understand your parents’ great love 　　　　you grow up.
A.if B.until C.when
(　 　)16.(2024福州二检)　　　　 Peter is a disabled man，he has been a member of the Helpers’ Club since five years ago.
A.If　　 B.Unless 　 C.Although
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B
C
(　 )17.(2024福州一检)—Why are the students in that college so excited？
—Their teacher is one of the astronauts 　　　　have just returned from outer space.
A.which 　B.that C.whose
(　 )18.(2024三明一检)—I think the poems 　　　　were written by Li Bai are beautiful.
—I agree with you.
A.which 　B.who C.whose
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A
( 　 )19.(2024泉州二检)—Everyone had fun in the School Food Festival. I wonder 　　　　.
—Of course. It’s our school’s tradition.
A.if our school will hold it next year
B.where our school will hold it next year
C.how our school will hold it next year
(　 　)20.(2024宁德二检)　　　　 David has failed many times，he never gives up.
A.Because　 B.But　　 C.Though
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A
C
(　 　)21.(2023福州二检)—Paul fell off the skateboard. Let’s help him up.
—Wait！ Don’t move him 　　　　you know some first-aid knowledge.
A.unless　 　B.when C.until
(　 )22.(2023漳州二检)It is said that Zhang Sanfeng created Tai Chi 　　　　he had watched a fight between a snake and a bird.
A.until 　B.after C.when
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B
(　 　)23.(2023厦门二检)—Allen，you are the excellent student this year. I wonder 　　　　.
—My parents. It’s impossible for me to make it without their care and love.
A.why you work so hard
B.how you realize your dream
C.who you want to thank most
(　 　)24.(2022泉州二检)—Learning to love is like learning to walk.
—Yes. 　　　　we step out bravely，we’ll find it’s not so difficult.
A.As long as　　 　　　B.Even though C.As if
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A
( 　 )25.(2022三明一检)It was late. We turned down the music 　　　we would not disturb our neighbors.
A.even if 　　B.so that C.as long as
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二、看图写话
1.(2025福建) because
____________________________________________________
2.(2025福州二检) if，snow
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The boy had a toothache because he ate too many candies.
If it snows，they will make a snowman.
3.(2025漳州二检) as...as
_______________________________________
4.(2025泉州一检) be，since 2015
_______________________________________
5.(2024漳州二检)　 tall，than
_______________________________________
The football is as cheap as the basketball.
The girl has been a dancer since 2015.
Building A is taller than Building B.
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6.(2023厦门二检)　 while
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7.(2023三明二检) when
______________________________________________________________
Sam is reading while Bill is sweeping the floor. /Sam was reading while Bill was sweeping the floor.
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Darren was reading a book when Michael came in.
8.(2023龙岩二检) early，so that
______________________________________________________________
9.(2022宁德一检) 　 healthy，as long as
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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The boy/He got up early so that he could catch the school bus.
They will/can keep healthy as long as they run/do sports/do exercise every day/often.
10.(2022宁德二检) so... that
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11.(2021三明二检)　 not sure
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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The box is so heavy that the man/he can’t carry/move it.
I’m not sure whether mom likes the present/gift or not. /She’s not sure if her mother will like the present/gift.
三、短文填空(节选)
1.(2025宁德二检)A 70-year-old stroke (中风) patient in Shenyang can walk again ________ he uses an exoskeleton rehabilitation (外骨骼康复) device.
2.(2025漳州二检)___________________ these earth buildings look similar to each other，each one is special.
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after
Though/Although
3.(2025南平一检改编)Have you ever wondered ______ there are two names for this season？ The first reason...
4.(2024漳州二检)It’s easy for you to see xiangqi played in China. People usually play it in parks，community centers，temples，and schools. ____ you go to any Chinese community in China or Southeast Asia，it would not be too hard to find people playing the game.
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why
If
5.(2024龙岩二检)Shao fell in love with paintings and crafts _______ he was a child.
6.(2022宁德一检)Emperors loved lions __________ they look strong. They kept lions as pets.
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when
because

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