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专题十五　主谓一致
谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫作主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一、语法一致原则
语法一致是指主语的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。
1.一般情况下，主语为单数可数名词或代词、不可数名词、动词不定式、动名词短语或从句时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数可数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我极大的幸福。
2.当主语后面跟由as well as、along with、with、together with、but、except、besides等引导的短语时，其谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。
The teacher as well as the students was excited. 老师和同学们都很兴奋。
3.由and或both...and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。
The poet and writer has come.这位诗人兼作家已经来了。
4.主语为each of或由any-、every-、some-、no-构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Somebody is using the phone. 有人正在用电话。
5.表示成双或成对的衣物或工具的名词，如glasses、shoes、trousers、chopsticks、scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如果这类名词前用a pair of等修饰，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。
This pair of shoes is Tom’s.这双鞋是Tom的。
二、意义一致原则
意义一致是指谓语动词和主语的一致不是取决于主语的语法形式，而是由其意义所决定。
主语构成 谓语 示例
表时间、距离、价格等的名词 单数 Ten years is quite a long time.
“the＋形容词”表示一类人 复数 The young need to care for the old.
主语构成 谓语 示例
集体名词如family、class、team、group、public、government、police等 取决于主语 的意义 My family are crazy about singing.
“the＋姓氏的复数形式”表示某一家人或夫妇两人 复数 The Browns are on vacation.
①“a number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。“the number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
The number of women workers in this factory is 120.这个工厂女职工的人数是120。
②a lot of/lots of/plenty of...作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于其后的
名词。
③“分数或百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于其后的名词。
70％ of the workers in this factory are women.这个工厂70％的工人是妇女。
三、就近一致原则
就近一致是指谓语动词的数要跟与其最近的主语在人称和数上保持
一致。
1.用or、not only ... but also ...、either ... or ...、neither ... nor ... 等连接的名词(或代词)作主语时，谓语动词要和离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Not only I but also she is enjoying the film.我和她都在津津有味地看
电影。
2.在There be句型中，如果有两个或两个以上的主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There are three books and a pen on the desk.桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。
3.以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
Here is a letter and some books for you. 这里有一封信和一些书要给你。
1.(2023福建)Nie Peng ____(be) a young villager in Niejiazhuang. He is crazy about clay sculpture handicrafts.
2.(2025漳州二检)The buildings are now open to tourists，but there ______ (be) still many families living together in them.
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is
are
3.(2025福州一检)It often has a handle of wood，and it always ______ (use) real animal hair for its brush.
4.(2025泉州二检)What is special about this painting is that it _______ (make) things up close look very real，but things far away look more like a dream.
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uses
makes
5.(2025宁德一检)As a traditional Chinese snack，tanghulu ______ (have) a long history dating back to the Song Dynasty.
6.(2025厦门一检)Making lacquerware(漆器) ____________ (require) patience and skills.
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has
requires
7.(2024福州二检)I am only suggesting that you should think wisely about whether the thing you are planning to do or buy ____ (be) really worthwhile or whether its benefits(利益) will last for a little while.
8.(2024南平二检)Men’s Tangzhuang has a special collar，opens in the front，and has buttons. It started out looking like Tang Dynasty clothes，but now it ____(be) modern.
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is
is
9.(2024三明二检)A primary school in Nanjing has just opened a herb farm. More than 30 herbs are planted. Students there _____(be) guided by doctors from a TCM hospital to tell different herbs and learn plant development，medical value as well as growing herbs.
10.(2024漳州二检)There ____(be) dozens of idioms，expressions，sayings that are rooted in xiangqi.
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are
are
11.(2024莆田二检)During the Spring Festival，Liu Huimin sets up a furnace (熔炉) with his team. Inside the furnace，there ____(be) burning-hot liquid (液体) iron.
12.(2023泉州二检)They met again the following year. These _______(be) the only chances for them to meet face to face，although they continued with their relationship through poetry.
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is
were
【补充训练】
选择填空
(　 　)1.—The number of workers in this factory 　　　　over 200.
—Some of them are women workers.
A.is　　　　 B.are　　　　 C.be
(　 　)2.—What’s in the picture on the wall？
—There 　　　　a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.
A.has B.are C.is
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A
C
(　 　)3.Both Mike and I 　　　　ready for the new high school life.
A.are B.am C.is
(　 　)4.Not only Jim but also his sister 　　　　a few cities since they came to China.
A.have visited B.has visited C.visited
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A
B
(　 　)5.—What are you going to do tomorrow afternoon？
—There 　　　　a wonderful movie and I would like to watch it with my friends.
A.is going to have　 B.is going to be C.will have
(　 　)6.About 　　　　of the students in our class 　　　　to the plan of helping the old people this weekend.
A.two thirds； agree B.two thirds； agrees C.two third； agrees
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B
A
(　 　)7.The writer and speaker 　　　　a speech on Chinese culture in the hall now.
A.are giving B.is giving C.will give
(　 　)8.Tom with his friends often 　　　　to the old people’s home to cheer the old up.
A.go　　 B.going　　 C.goes
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B
C
(　 　)9.　　　　 Jane 　　　　Rick is warm-hearted. They are popular with our classmates.
A.Either； or B.Both； and C.Not only； but also
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C

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