资源简介

(共73张PPT)
选择性必修第四册
Unit 6　Space and beyond
Ⅰ.识记·阅读词汇
1．notion n．概念；观点；看法
2．shuttle n．航天飞机
3．lifelike adj.(图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的
4．telescope n．望远镜
5．galaxy n．星系
6．muscle n．肌肉
7．pepper n．胡椒粉
8．disc n．激光唱片；光碟，光盘
语基默写见P609
Ⅱ.熟记·核心词汇
1．tragically adv.悲惨地，不幸地
2．shadow n．坏影响，阴影
3．scream v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等) 尖声大叫
4．crew n．(飞机上的)全体机组人员
5．awesome adj.很好的，了不起的
6．angle v．斜置
7．straightforward adj.简单的
8．self-discipline n．自我约束，自律
9．fetch v．(去)拿来
10．sneeze v．打喷嚏
Ⅲ.活用·拓展词汇
1．except prep.除……之外 conj.除了；只是→exception n．例外→exceptional adj.异常的，特别的→(反义词)unexceptional adj.平常的
2．suspend v．暂停，中止→suspension n．暂停；推迟，延期
3．simulate v．模仿；假装；冒充→simulated adj.模仿的，模拟的，仿真的→simulator n．(用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器→simulation n．仿真；模拟；模仿；假装
4．submit v．提交→submission n．提交；呈递；(向法官提出的)意见
5．vision n．视力；视野→visible adj.明显的；看得见的→(反义词)invisible adj.看不见的
Ⅳ.牢记·短语词块
1．become accustomed to习惯于(做)某事
2．one's heart in one's mouth提心吊胆
3．take off起飞
4．tune in收听；收看
5．cast a shadow on/over给……蒙上阴影
6．call to召唤
7．reach for the stars志向远大
8．be composed of...由……组成
9．quest for追求；寻找
Ⅴ.背诵·单元佳句
1．Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today's average school students, all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth.(less...than...)
执行“阿波罗11号”任务的三位宇航员在一台计算机的指导下都安全返回了地球，即便这台计算机远不如当今普通学校的学生使用的计算机功能强大。
2．When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.(动词不定式的完成式)　当“挑战者号”航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时，全世界似乎已经对参与其中的宇航员所获得的惊人成就不再感到惊奇。
3.The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.(“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句)
“挑战者号”的牺牲召唤并提醒着我们，不管繁星看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。
4．For example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars.(sb./sth.be＋过去分词＋to do)　例如，在中国考古遗址三星堆中发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目青铜像，被古时的人们认为能够跨越遥远的距离看到星星。
Nowadays, people have become accustomed to space travel.If Neil Armstrong hadn't set foot on the Moon in 1969, much discovery of space wouldn't have been done.Following the Moon landings, space travel soon became unexceptional to the public.When the Challenger space shuttle took off in 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved and forgotten how hazardous space travel could be.Tragically,
the space shuttle exploded and the crew on board were killed. As the Challenger disaster cast a big shadow on the public, many reports were submitted requesting that space shuttle flights should be suspended for a few years.It took nearly three years before our enthusiasm was rekindled and the Discovery was launched successfully.The sacrifice of the Challenger reminds us that we must continue to reach for the stars no matter how distant they might seem.
如今，人们已经习惯了太空旅行。如果1969年尼尔·阿姆斯特朗没有踏上月球，就不会有那么多的太空发现。在登月之后，太空旅行很快在公众心目中变得平淡无奇。1986 年，当“挑战者号”航天飞机起飞时，世人似乎已经不再惊叹宇航员的惊人成就，而忘记了太空旅行的危险性。不幸的是，航天飞机爆炸，机组人员全部遇难。“挑战者号”灾难给公众蒙上了巨大的阴影，许多人提交了报告，要求暂停航天飞机飞行几年。直到三年后，“发现者号”成功发射，我们的热情才被重新点燃。“挑战者号”的牺牲提醒我们，无论星空看似多么遥远，我们都必须继续向着星空前进。
[基础词汇]
1.spacecraft n．宇宙飞船
2.astronaut n．宇航员
3.astronomer n．天文学家
4.the solar system太阳系
5.space labs/stations空间实验室/太空站
6.see further into the space更加深入地观察太空
7.space exploration太空探索
8.explore the mysteries of the universe探索宇宙的奥秘
[培优词汇]
1.capsule n．太空舱
2.atom n．原子
3.foresee v．预见，预知
4.rational adj.合理的；理智的　
5.probe v．调查，探究
6.man-made adj.人造的
7.unmanned adj.无人的
8.aviation n．航空
9.detector n．探测器
[拔高词汇]
1.exoplanet n．系外行星
2.unmanned adj.无人操纵的
3.astrobiology n．天体生物学
4.zero gravity失重状态
5.extra-terrestrial life外星生命
6.Mars rover火星探测器
7.lunar module登月舱
8.space debris空间碎片
话题句型
1.Little as/though we know about the universe, the development of science and technology will make it possible to know how the universe came into existence.
尽管我们对宇宙所知甚少，但科技发展让我们有可能知道宇宙是如何形成的。
2.Now the world is still at the very beginning of its voyage into space, and there are a lot waiting for us to get the hang of. 　现在世界仍处于太空旅行的初级阶段，有很多东西有待我们去掌握。
创意课堂 点面突破
PART
01
第一部分
shadow　n.坏影响，阴影；影子　v．投影于；跟踪
[语段填空/补全句子/微写作]
①Tom _____________(shadow) by a stranger last Friday. What's worse, he found the same person standing _________ the shadow of the tree the next day, which cast a shadow ________ his mind.
was shadowed
in/under
on/over
②(译林必修一U4)Your friends also influence the way you view your physical appearance.If you have friends who are good-looking or have a great fashion sense, it can feel like you _______________________(生活在他们的阴影下).
③这个意想不到的事故给他们的幸福生活蒙上了一层阴影，使他们极度愁闷、沮丧。
This unexpected accident ______________________ their happy life, causing them extremely gloomy and depressed.[读后续写之情感描写]
are living in their shadow
cast a shadow on/over
(1)in shadow　　　　 在暗处
in/under the shadow of sth. 在某事/物的阴影下
in sb.'s shadow＝in the shadow of sb.
在某人的光环之下
(2)cast/throw a shadow/shadows on/over
在……上投下阴影；
给……蒙上阴影
[佳句背诵] The children were playing, jumping on each other's shadows.[读后续写之动作描写]
孩子们正在嬉戏，跳来跳去踩彼此的影子。
submit　v.提交；顺从，屈服
[单句语法填空/微写作]
①(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them __________(submit) a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.
②(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)We've received about 120 ____________(submit).The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.
to submit
submissions
③有兴趣参加夏令营的同学，请于5月15日前向学生会办公室提交申请表及相关材料。
Those who are interested in the summer camp must __________________________________________________ the Office of the Student Association by May 15.[应用文写作之通知]
④在任何情况下我们都不应该屈服于生活中的挑战和困难。
Under no circumstance _______________________________________
_________________________ in life.[读后续写之主旨升华]
submit the applications and relevant materials to
should we submit (ourselves) to the challenges and hardships
(1)submit...to...　 向……提交……
submit to 服从于；屈从于
submit (oneself) to... 甘受……的摆布；服从于……
(2)submission n. 提交的文件；屈服；服从
[佳句背诵] (1)The rule that the minority should submit to the majority is a widely accepted principle, but people with superior knowledge are always in the minority.　“少数服从多数”是广受认同的原则，但见识超群的人总是占少数。
(2)It is necessary to fix a definite date for the submission of your paper.
为你的论文定一个明确的提交日期是有必要的。
become accustomed to　习惯于(做)某事
[单句语法填空/句式升级]
①For those ___________(accustom) to a comfortable life, it is hard for them to get out of their comfort zone to struggle for a better one.
accustomed
②(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)We are accustomed to working in groups with the same person every day and find it difficult to work with other classmates for practice.
→_________________________________________________________，we find it difficult to work with other classmates for practice.(形容词短语作状语)
Accustomed to working in groups with the same person every day
→__________________________________________________________________________，we find it difficult to work with other classmates for practice.(现在分词短语作状语)
Accustoming ourselves to working in groups with the same person every day
(1)accustomed adj. 习惯的；通常的，惯常的
be/get accustomed to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事
(2)accustom v.　　　 使适应，使习惯
accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth. 使某人习惯于(做)某事
[佳句背诵] Knowing that you have difficulty in getting accustomed to your new life in high school, I'm writing to give you some advice.[应用文写作之建议信]
得知你在适应高中的新生活方面有困难，我写信给你一些建议。
动词不定式的完成式
[教材原句] When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.　当“挑战者号”航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时，全世界似乎已经对参与其中的宇航员所获得的惊人成就不再感到惊奇。
[单句语法填空/微写作]
①(人教必修一U3)When Michael Jordan's feet left the ground, time seemed _________(stand) still.The player who became known as “Air Jordan” changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps.
②Hearing his father's footsteps approaching his room, Tom quickly turned off the computer and pretended _______________(sleep), hoping to avoid getting caught playing games late at night.[读后续写之动作描写]
to stand
to be sleeping
③(人教选必四U4)那天晚上我带着愉快的心情入睡了。与汤贝一家共度了一日，真是一种荣幸。
That evening I fell happily into bed.It was such a privilege ________________________________________．
to have spent a day with Tombe's family
　　动词不定式的三种时态：
(1)一般式(to do)，表示动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作同一时间发生或动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之后；
(2)进行式(to be doing)，表示动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作同一时间发生，并且动作正在进行；
(3)完成式(to have done)，表示动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。
[佳句背诵] (1)(译林必修二U2)Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th-century Taoist, was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird.
据说在13世纪时，一个叫张三丰的道士从蛇与鸟的缠斗中获得灵感，发明了太极拳。
(2)(人教必修一U1)I know that Chinese is a very difficult language, but I hope to be fluent when I graduate.
我知道中文是一门非常难学的语言，但是我希望毕业时能说得很流利。
高效迁移 多维提能
PART
02
第二部分
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Across the 320 ____________(submit), a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge.
2．(北师大必修二U5)These pieces are called microplastics and are so small that they are __________(visible) to the naked eye and are very difficult to remove from the water.
submissions
invisible
3．(人教选必二U5) Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone __________(scream) from another table.
4．(人教选必四U1)Claire tried to help by working on a light __________(suspend) from the ceiling, but she fell off the ladder.
5．___________(accustom) to climbing the steep mountains, he had no difficulty reaching the peak, even in snowy conditions.
screaming
suspended
Accustomed
6．Some villages in that area don't have a well, so people have to walk a mile _________(fetch) water with containers.
7．Despite his ______________(exceptional) talent, he managed to stay at the sports' highest level with a superior grasp of strategy, planning and psychology.
8．A direct talk is better than a flowery speech，so just tell them __________________(straightforward) that you want them to leave now.
to fetch
unexceptional
straightforwardly
Ⅱ.熟词生义
1．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ) She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.____
A
2．Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to pay for her groceries, she was short about three dollars. The only way to pay for the groceries was to take off the things she could do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol (医用酒精) and a bar of soap.__
A
Ⅲ.一词多义
shadow
A．n.影子　　　　　　B．n.昏暗处；背光处
C．n.阴影，坏影响 D．n.少许；一丁点
(1)I thought I saw a figure standing in the shadows, which made me feel uneasy and a bit scared.__
(2)(译林选必三U3) They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor, to learn about the attack, to show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace.__
B
A
(3)(北师大选必二U5) We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei, who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today's civilisation is built upon.__
(4)There was only a shadow of a smile on her lips, indicating her mixed emotions.__
A．n.影子　　　　　　B．n.昏暗处；背光处
C．n.阴影，坏影响 D．n.少许；一丁点
C
D
主题引领 情境写作
PART
03
第三部分
写作一　Practical Writing——太空探索大讨论
假定你是李华，最近你班同学就“太空是否值得探索”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你写一篇短文，介绍讨论的情况，内容包括：
1．列举双方的论点及论据；
2．你的看法。
　运用本单元词汇及表达完成句子
1．近年来，航天飞机相继被送入太空。
_________________________________________ one after the other in recent years.
2．人类在太空探索方面取得了惊人的成就。
Humans _______________________________ in space exploration.
Space shuttles have been sent into space
have made awesome achievements
3．这个项目与我们的日常生活如此遥远，以至于我们可能永远没有机会享受结果。
The project is ____________________________________ we may never get the chance to enjoy the outcome.
4．一些学生认为太空探索是值得的，因为许多我们日常生活中司空见惯的技术最初是为太空探索开发的。
Some believe that space exploration is worthwhile because ______________________________________________________ are originally developed for space exploration.
so distant from our daily life that
many technologies we are so accustomed to in our daily life
5．我认为，无论成本如何，太空探索都是必要的，我们迟早会从中受益。
I __________________________________________________, space exploration is necessary and we will benefit from it sooner or later.
6．也许有一天太空旅行会成为一件普通的事情。
Maybe one day space travel will ______________________________．
have the notion that no matter what the cost is
become an unexceptional thing
　运用语法结构或句型润色提升
7．用with复合结构合并句1和句2
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With space shuttles sent into space one after the other in recent years, humans have made awesome achievements in space exploration.
8．用倒装句改写句3
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
So distant is the project from our daily life that we may never get the chance to enjoy the outcome.
　运用适当的过渡句或衔接词连句成篇
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
One possible version：
With space shuttles sent into space one after the other in recent years, humans have made awesome achievements in space exploration.Thus, our class has held a debate on whether space exploration is worthwhile.
Some students think space exploration is worthless.So distant is the project from our daily life that we may never get the chance to enjoy the outcome.
However, some believe that space exploration is worthwhile because many technologies we are so accustomed to in our daily life are originally developed for space exploration.
I have the notion that no matter what the cost is, space exploration is necessary and we will benefit from it sooner or later. Maybe one day space travel will become an unexceptional thing.
词汇积累 [动作描写]　become accustomed to; rekindle; cast a shadow on; scream; suspend; submit; angle; fetch; sneeze
[人物描写]　straightforward; self－discipline; crew
[环境描写]　hazardous; unexceptional; tragically; instantaneously; lifelike; awesome
写作二　Continuation Writing——
单元场景续写之燃起希望，逐梦火星
佳句积累 [心理描写] 　1.Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was, and of the many things that could go wrong.
2.The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.How wrong they had been！Instantaneously, excitement and optimism turned into terror and failure.It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it cast a shadow on people's hearts.
佳句积累 [动作描写]　We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle.
主题语境主旨升华技巧：脱困类
脱困类读后续写常常涉及危险的情节，如遭遇火灾、在森林遇到猛兽、迷路等。
结尾一：经历＋感悟 That day was so unforgettable that it would be engraved in my mind forever.
那一天是如此难忘，它将被永远刻在我的脑海里。
结尾二：名言/句型＋感悟 (1)Only then was I aware that it was courage that enabled us to overcome whatever hardships we came across.(倒装；强调句型)
直到那时我才意识到，是勇气使我们能够克服我们遇到的任何困难。
(2)Just as the old saying goes, “Where there's a will, there's a way.” With joint efforts we finally achieved our goal.
正如常言所说：“有志者，事竟成。”在大家的共同努力下，我们终于达成了目标。
[场景导入]　“我”的梦想是去火星，但面临很多难题，朋友的话给予“我”希望。
When my friend, who is knowledgeable about astronomy, asked me which planet I would most like to visit if given the chance, I 1.________________________________(兴奋地大喊), “Mars！”
screamed at the top of my voice
But my friend reminded me, “There are still many challenges waiting to be solved. With the temperature being over 60 degrees below zero, now we can't go to Mars.” 2.________________(我有些失落). My friend encouraged me, “3.__________________________________
_________________________________________________(只有我们不向困难屈服，我们才能实现我们的目标；倒装). 4.______________________________________________________(正如常言所说，有志者，事竟成).” Hearing this, the hope in my heart rose again.
I was cast down
Only if we don't submit ourselves to difficulties can we achieve our goal
Just as an old saying goes, where there's a will, there's a way
[选自：选修教材　外研版·选修二(新教材)　UNIT 3 P5]
　　Designers, engineers and architects must also endeavour① to ensure that any underground space intended for human use has good air quality. One example is the forthcoming② LDA Hotel, an underground hotel to be built on the site of a former car park beneath the streets of central London. Designers are incorporating③ a wide range of plants to help keep the air inside clean, together with④ a state-of-the-art⑤ ventilation system⑥.　
Light is another key consideration. In New York, plans for the world's first underground park demonstrate⑦ novel⑧ ways of bringing natural rays beneath the surface.
By harnessing⑨ solar technology, light is to be reflected down through a series of pipes into the historic transport terminal⑩ below. This light would be sufficient for photosynthesis to occur and the park's plants and trees to grow naturally.
①endeavour v．努力，尽力
②forthcoming adj.即将到来的
③incorporate v．合并，包含
④together with连同
⑤state-of-the-art adj.最先进的
⑥ventilation system通风系统
⑦demonstrate v．演示
⑧novel (常用义) n．小说 (文章义) adj.新颖的
⑨harness v．利用
⑩terminal n．(火车、公共汽车或船的)终点站；终端
photosynthesis n．光合作用
1．(用定语从句升级句式)This light would be sufficient for photosynthesis to occur and the park's plants and trees to grow naturally.
→___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
This light would be sufficient for photosynthesis to occur, which would allow the park's plants and trees to grow naturally.
2．What innovative approach is being used to bring natural light to the world's first underground park in New York, and how does this contribute to the growth of the park's plants and trees
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The innovative approach is to harness solar technology where light is reflected down through a series of pipes into the historic transport terminal below. This method provides sufficient light for photosynthesis, allowing the park's plants and trees to grow naturally.
【识文知意】　设计师、工程师和建筑师还必须努力确保任何供人类使用的地下空间都拥有良好的空气质量。即将建成的LDA酒店就是一个例子，这是一家位于伦敦市中心街道原地下停车场的地下酒店。设计师们正在将各种各样的植物与最先进的通风系统结合起来，以帮助保持内部空气清新。
光线是另一个需要考虑的关键因素。在纽约，世界上第一个地下公园的规划展示了将自然光线引入地下的新颖方法。
通过利用太阳能技术，光线将通过一系列管道反射到历史悠久的地下交通枢纽。这些光线将足以支持进行光合作用，使公园内的植物和树木能够自然生长。

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