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(共55张PPT)
Unit 1 Grammar and usage
To-infinitives as subjects and predicatives
Non-predicate verbs
非谓语动词
Step 1 Lead-in
什么是非谓
语动词啊？
“非谓语非谓语”,就是不是谓语的动词呗!
那不是谓语
是什么呢？
是非谓语呀!
................
The man drawing there is very handsome.
非谓语
谓语
(画出下列句子中的谓语动词和非谓语动词)
We enjoyed the show given by students.
非谓语
谓语
He covered his head to have a better sleep.
非谓语
谓语
总结：
谓语
动词
非谓语
动词
在句子中充当谓语的动词；
在句子中不充当谓语的动词；
学会判断何时使用非谓语动词
Task 1
（1）The girl_____(dance) in the classroom now.
→分析：该句中_________(有/没有)谓语动词，所以该空格应使用________(谓语/非谓语动词)，时态为________________________。
（2）The girl_____(dance) in the classroom now and she looks very confident.
→分析：该句中_____(有/没有)谓语动词，但是有并列连词_______连接了两个动词，所以空格应使用________(谓语/非谓语动词)，并且前后两个动词时态_______(一致/不一致)。
没有
谓语动词
现在进行时
(is dancing)
有
and
谓语动词
一致
（3）The girl_____(dance) in the classroom now looks very confident.
→分析：该句中______(有/没有)谓语动词，并且______(有/没有)连词，所以空格应使用_____________(谓语/非谓语动词)。
（4）The girl who_____(dance) in the classroom now looks very confident.
→分析：该句中_____(有/没有)谓语动词，但是有从属连词_______，所以空格应使用________(谓语/非谓语动词)，时态为_________________________。
有
没有
非谓语动词
有
who
谓语动词
现在进行时
(is dancing)
dancing
★ 一个句子中已经存在一个________, 又没有_______的情况下，另一个动词需要用___________________。
→ 总结：
谓语动词
连词
非谓语动词
Exercise 1
判断下列句子应使用（A.谓语）还是 (B.非谓语动词)。
（1）The book _____(write) by San Mao.
（2）I like reading the novels ____ (write) by San Mao.
A
B
was written
written
（3）He went into the classroom, _____(open) his book and wrote on the blackboard.
（4）Although it is winter now, the tree in the school yard ____(look) beautiful.
A
A
looks
opened
（5）The girl that lives in the city _____(make) a phone call to the farmer yesterday.
（6）She got off the bus, but _____(leave) her book in the bus.
（7）She got off the bus, ______(hold) her book.
A
A
B
made
left
holding
选择恰当的非谓语动词形式
非谓语动词 三种基本形式 动词 不定式 现在 分词 过去
分词
to do doing done
Task 2
（1）He often works hard more money.
为了赚更多的钱，他努力工作。
（2）The meeting is next week.
会议将于下周召开。
→ 动词不定式to do 在句中通常表:____和_____。
目的
将来
to earn
to be held
（3） the news, he couldn’t help laughing.
听到消息时，他忍不住笑了。
（4）We see them “Sea Grass” in the TV now. 我们看见他们正在电视上跳海草舞。
→ 现在分词(doing) 通常在句中表:_____和_____。
主动
进行
Hearing
dancing
（5） at by others, he was told “No zuo no die why you try.”
他被别人指着说：“不作死就不会死。”
（6）You can drink water.
你可以喝开水。
→ 过去分词(done) 通常在句中表: _____和_____。
被动
完成
Pointed
boiled
Exercise 2
Describe the pictures with non-predicate verbs.
（用非谓语结构描述图片内容）
（1）_________(arrive) at the classroom early, we got up at 6:00.
To arrive
（2）I saw four girls _________(wear) different clothes.
wearing
（3）Two women ____________(interview) about the product said they liked it.
interviewed
（4）The stadium _____(build) by the company last year can hold 1 million people.
built
（5）I should do more exercises ___________(improve) my English.
to improve
（6）___________(follow) by the headmaster, Mr. Li came out of the classroom.
Followed
（7）We can see Guan Xiaotong _______(give) a lecture on the stage.
giving
(1) _______(kiss) by her parents, the girl was very sad.
________(kiss) their daughter, the couple was very excited.
Task 3 如何判断主动 or 被动？
→ 提示：找到非谓语动词的逻辑主语，并判断其和非谓语动词的主被动关系。
Kissed
Kissing
(2) _____(see) from the mountain, Quannan looks beautiful.
______ (see) from the mountain, you will find Quannan beautiful.
Seen
Seeing
2
1
点击添加文本
点击添加文本
点击添加文本
点击添加文本
判断非谓语动词的形式：
→ 表目的和将来，用__________________
→ 表主动和进行，用__________________
→ 表被动和完成，用__________________
确定谓语动词 or 非谓语动词 ？
→填非谓语：句子中已有_______且无_______。
逻辑
主语
动词
连词
不定式to do
现在分词doing
过去分词done
Summary: conclude the golden rules.
目录
1
2
3
动词不定式的概念
动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作表语
1
动词不定式的概念
4. 动词不定式具有动词的性质，它可以有自己的宾语和状语，从而
构成动词不定式短语。
1. 动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，不能在句中单独作谓语。
3. 动词不定式有形式的变化，即一般式、进行式、完成式和被动式。
2. 动词不定式也具有非动词的性质，相当于一个名词、形容词或副
词,可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
1.She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
2. I invited some friends to try the restaurant.
3.She is always the first to come and the last to leave.
4.To be admitted by a university, we must work hard.
5.To see is to believe.
6.To study abroad on my own is my dream.
7.Your task today is to clean the house.
Identify to-infinitives and guess their functions.
object宾
attributive定
adverbial 状
complement 补
subject主
predicative表
subject主
predicative表
2
To-infinitive as subjects
To-infinitive as subjects 动词不定式作主语
1.动词不定式作主语,表示具体的、一次性或尚未做的动作。如：
动名词形式作主语，表示动作经常反复发生，而不是只针对某一次。
Smoking in the public is not good.
注
To cook Chinese food is not easy.
To speak English well isn't an easy job.
To talk with her is a great pleasure.
2.动词不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，往往用it作形式主语，而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。如：
① To speak English well isn't an easy job.
② To improve our teaching method is very important.
③ To talk with her is a great pleasure.
To master English is important.——It is important to master English.
Practice
——It isn’t an easy job to speak English.
——It is very important to improve our teaching method.
——It is a great pleasure to talk with her.
● It +be +adj.+to do sth.
It is important to build trust between both.
It is important to finish writing in advance.
● It＋be＋adj.＋ of sb to do （此处形容词常为表示行为者的性格、品质等特点的词，如kind、foolish、 good、nice、selfish、generous等）
It is kind of you to give me so much help.
It is foolish of him to refuse the offer.
● It＋be＋adj.＋ for sb to do（此处形容词常为描述事物特征的形容词，如easy、 difficult、hard、 important impossible、 necessary等）
It would be difficult for Bob to find a good job.
It is necessary for us to buy an English dictionary.
● It＋be＋n.＋to do
It is our duty to protect the environment.
It is my honour to give a speech.
● It＋动词＋宾语＋不定式
It took me three hours to clean the room.
It requires special skills to prepare the food.
3
To-infinitive as predicatives
To-infinitive as predicatives 动词不定式作表语
某些系动词，如be（是）、seem（看起来）、appear（看起来）、prove（证明）、turn out（结果）等，后面可以接不定式作表语。其中，除了be动词之外，seem、appear、prove、turn out后面的表语若是以“to be+...”的形式出现，通常可以省略to be。
有些系动词如sound（听起来）、smell（闻起来）、taste（尝起来）、feel（感觉）、become（成为）等，通常不可以接不定式作表语。
It smells to be delicious.
The cake tastes to be yummy.
注
He seems （to be ）busy.
The plan proves （to be） right.
The plan turns out （to be） right.
2. be to do表达想法，约定，义务，命令，可能性，命运等。如：
We are to meet at the station at there. ( 表约定）
You are to come when I call. （表命令）
3. 当all 或what引导的主语从句中有实义动词 do （以及do的其他形
式时,作表语的不定式通常要省略to, 即“前有do, 后无to”
What I did was (to) turn off the gas.
我所做的就是把煤气关掉。
All you should do now is devote yourself to studying hard.
你现在应该做的事就是投入到刻苦的学习当中。
4.动词不定式作表语时，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。
She is to blame. 她应该收到责备。
The house is to let. 此房出租。
(1)表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等的名词(短语、从句)作主语时，其表语应用动词不定式。
Her greatest wish is to see her parents again.
她最大的愿望是能够再见到父母。
My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.
我的主要目的是指出这件事的困难。
注
(2)不定式作表语通常可以和主语位置互换。
My dream is to be a doctor.＝To be a doctor is my dream.
我的梦想是成为一名医生。
①My task is ___________ (show) you around our newly- built library.
②Her wish is ___________ (become) an engineer.
③The purpose of education is ___________ (develop) a fine personality
in children.
④What he hoped was _________________(admit) into the university.
⑤All that he could do was ___________ (comfort) her.
to show
to become
to develop
to be admitted
(to) comfort
1.To-infinitive否定形式是“not to ＋ 动词原形”
The teacher asked us so much noise.
A. don't make B. not make
C. not making D. not to make
D
2. To-infinitive被动形式” To be done”
It was a great honour (invite) here today.
The festival is (hold) next Friday.
to be invited
to be held
3.单个不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数
To play basketball (be) great.
如果and连接两个或更多并列的不定式作主语，谓语动词就用复数
To improve people’s life and to speed up socialist construction (be) our two important tasks.
is
are
单个不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；两个及以上不定式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Where to go on a holiday and when to go for the holiday have not been decided.
到哪里去度假以及何时去度假还没有决定。
Where and when to go on a holiday has not been decided.
到哪里去，何时去度假还没有决定。
动词不定式的时态和语态
A Exploring the rules
Below is a blog entry about eating out and eating at home. Find the sentences that use to-infinitives as subjects or predicatives.
Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant. I was eager to try new restaurants. To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends. I often ate out until last month, when I came across a cooking app. There are a variety of recipes in the app to choose from. They are uploaded by users, and offer detailed instructions so that others can follow them step by step. Most of the recipes include photos or videos, which are very useful for beginners.
When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try, I discovered that it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish. In the last few weeks, I’ve thrown myself into home cooking, from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan. I hardly eat out any more. Not only is cooking at home cheaper, but I can cook exactly what I want. It’s healthier too. No wonder people say nothing beats home cooking!
Now I am good at cooking a couple of dishes. My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my new-found skills. I hope that they will like my cooking.
object complement
attributive
adverbial
When the to-infinitive is used as a subject, we usually use the preparatory subject at the beginning of the sentence.
The to-infinitive can also be used as a predicative. It usually comes after the verb .
Working out the rules
it
be
Applying the rules
1.The next dish that the cook will prepare is Kung Pao Chicken. (attributive).
2.The preparation of home-cooked meals is easy and enjoyable. (subject)
3.Her dream is that she will open a restaurant some day. (predicative)
4.We will put the potatoes in the pot first in order that they will be cooked quickly. (adverbial of purpose)
5.I consider the Soup of the Day as the best option on the menu. (object complement)
I consider the Soup of the Day to be the best option on the menu.
We will put the potatoes in the pot first (in order) to cook them quickly.
Her dream is to open a restaurant some day.
To prepare home-cooked meals is easy and enjoyable.
It is easy and enjoyable to prepare home-cooked meals.
The next dish to be prepared by the cook is Kung Pao Chicken.
Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.
As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city center. (1) _________ (locate) at the top of Tower 88, it gives you an amazing view of the bay. Better still, its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable (2) ____________(see) the scenery outside while having your meal. Since it takes about an hour (3) ________ (turn) the full 360 degrees, you are unlikely to get bored with the scenery. If you want to get the most wonderful views, your best bet is (4)__________ (sit) by the window an hour before sunset and watch how the sky changes colours. The atmosphere is lively and modern, with its walls (5) _______ (paint) white and light blue. Sky Buffet serves a menu full of eye-catching Asian dishes, (6) ___________ (range) from Chinese food to Japanese food. It will be a good idea (7)____________ (invite) your family and friends over for dinner. Sky Buffet is considered by many locals (8)_________ (be) the perfect location for a special occasion.
Located
to turn
to sit
painted
ranging
to invite
to be
to see
Imagine your friend has taken you out to dinner at Sky Buffet. Write a thank-you note to your friend, offering to return the favor by inviting him or her to your home for dinner next weekend. Remember to use to-infinitives. Use the expressions below to help you.
Homework
I am writing to ... It was so kind of you to ... It was wonderful to ... I have always wanted to ...
I would like/love to ...
My plan is to ...
Thank you

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