资源简介

(共47张PPT)
谓语
动词
非谓语
动词
在句子中充当谓语的动词；
在句子中不充当谓语的动词；
非谓语
不定式（to do)
动名词（doing)
分词(现在分词(doing)和过去分词(v-ed))
非谓语动词有哪些
Grammar and usage
Verb-ing forms as attributives, adverbials
and object complements
1 . You can have food delivered to you using food delivery apps and sites .
2 . He came to see me , bringing me the exciting news .
3 . Do you know the girl standing under that big tree
4 . You shouldn ' t have the little boy standing there all the time .
5 . Seeing the woman , the little baby began to smile .
注意加蓝部分的成分
一、动词-ing形式作定语
（1）单个动词-ing形式作定语，常置被修饰的名词之前。
有些-ing形式已经转化为形容词，表示“令人......”
He brought us surprising news.
他给我们带来了惊人的消息。
She had to accept the disappointing fact that her son didn't work hard .
她只好接受这个令人失望的事实:她的儿子学习不努力。
(2)动词-ing形式短语作定语,常置于被修饰的名词之后。
The students running along the street are from No . 3 Middle School .
沿着街跑步的学生来自第三中学。
Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise .
告诉那些在那儿玩的男孩别制造噪声。
动名词和现在分词都可以作定语， 但有所区别。
动名词
表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途相当于for引导的介词短语。
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room .
阅览室里不准大声说话。
a waiting room
=a roon for waiting
现在分词
它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系,表示所修饰词进行的动作,相当于一个定语从句。
The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother .
= The boy that / who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother .
在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。
动词-ing形式作定语，也有被动形式。
The topic being discussed at the moment is about music .
being+过去分词(done)
现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：
现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作;
过去分词表示被动或完成意义;
不定式表示动作尚未发生。
You should adapt to the changing situation.
The ground is covered with fallen leaves .
I ' m looking for a room to live in .
二、动词-ing形式作状语
现在分词(短语)作状语：
现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、 让步、方式或伴随状况。
(1)作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)
Walking in the park , she saw an old friend .
=When / While ( she was ) walking in the park , she saw an old friend .
当她在公园里散步时,她看到了她的一个老朋友。
( 2 )作原因状语 ( 一般可以转换成由as 或because 引导的原因状语从句)
Being ill , he couldn ' t go to school .
= As he was ill , he couldn ' t go to school .
因为生病了,他无法去上学。
( 3 ) 作条件状语(一般放句首，前面可以加 if , unless 等连词)
Working hard , you ' ll make great progress .
=If you work hard , you ' ll make great progress .
如果你努力工作,你将取得很大进步。
(4)作结果状语
现在分词作结果状语时,通常放在句末,中间用逗号隔开,表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。
The hospital has recently obtained new medical
equipment , allowing more patients to be treated .
这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备,这使更多的病人能得到治疗。
( 5)作让步、方式和伴随状语
说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时,表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生,此时它可转换成并列句。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom , reading a book .
= Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book .
注意:
为强调动词-ing形式表达的意义,可在其前加上各种连词。例如,加上when,while ,强调与谓语动词 同时发生;加上before ,after ,强调动作先后发生;加上 thus ,强调结果 ; ( al ) though ,强调让步等。
Though knowing all this , they made me pay for the damage .
尽管他们了解这一切,但还是让我赔偿损失。
使用时也要考虑时态哦~
现在分词作状语时,要注意分词的时间性,是用现在分词的一般式（ doing ) , 还是用完成式（having done ) .
①当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时, 用分词的一般式(doing)。
Walking in the street , I met an old friend of mine .
②当现在分词的动作先发生,而谓语动词的动作后发生时,用分词的完成式(having done)。
Having finished the letter , he went to post it .
使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式,这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。
Having been shown around the factory , they were very happy.
Having finished his homework , he went to bed .
语态
V-ing 形式在不同时态和语态下的形式：
时态语态 主动语态 被动语态
一般时 doing Being done
完成时 Having done Having been done
动词-ing形式的否定式：
（not+v.-ing； not having + v.-ed）
Not knowing this, he didn’t come.
Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting.
由名词或者代词加上分词等词构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。
构成：
名词（代词） +现在分词（过去分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语）
*动词-ing 形式作状语，有时有自己独立的主语，这种结构叫独立主格结构。通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可表示时间，原因，条件。
The weather being fine, we went out for a walk.
独立主格：
现在分词作评注性状语
有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语,它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子,表明说话者的态度、观点等。
例如:
generally speaking 一般来说
judging by / from ... "从 ...... 判断 "
taking everything into consideration "全盘考虑 "
Judging from his behaviour , he must be mad .
从他的行为来判断,他一定是疯了。
三、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时,表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。
(1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的 see , hear , feel , smell , find , notice , observe , look at , listen to 等) + sb . +doing sth. （作宾补)
I felt somebody standing behind me .
I saw the little boy crying there .
( 2 )表示指使意义的使役动词 (常见的有 have , let ， keep , get , leave等 ) +sb . / sth . + doing sth .
We kept the fire burning all night long .
I won ' t have you running about in the room .
注意:使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语表示“让......一直做某事”。
接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语表示“让某人做某事”;
接过去分词作宾语补足语,表示“主语请某人做某事,使完成某事或主语遭遇某事”。
Be careful , or you ' ll have your hands hurt .
当心,否则你会弄伤手的。
( 3 )用于 with复合结构中。
I couldn ' t do my homework with the noise going on .
由于噪音不断,我没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her , she felt nervous .
这么多人看着她,她感到紧张。
一些常见短语的后面通常接v-ing形式，而不跟动词不定式。
would you mind…
介意 ……
look forward to…
期待……
can't stand…
不能忍受……
put off… 推迟……
give up… 放弃…
stick to… 坚持……
be worth… 值得…
can‘t help…情不自禁…
feel like…想要……
It's no use / good...
……无用的
keep on…继续……
devote to…专心……
be busy…忙着……
get down to…开始做…
着手做……
某些动词如forget、regret、remember、mean、和try等之后既可以接v-ing形式又可以接动词不定式，但语义不同。比较如下：
regret to do: 抱歉/遗憾要做某事
regret doing: 后悔做了某事
eg. I regret to tell you that you are fired.
我抱歉地告诉你你被解雇了。
I regret telling him the truth.
我后悔告诉他真相。
forget to do: 忘记去做某事
forget doing: 忘记已做了某事
eg. He forgot to close the door when he left.
他离开时忘了关门了。
I will never forget winning my first gold medal.
我永远忘不了我第一次获得金牌的情况。
remember to do: 记得要做某事
remember doing: 记得曾经做过的事
eg. Remember to post the letter for me on your way to work, OK
在你上班的路上记得帮我把信寄了，好吗？
I remember seeing this man somewhere.
我记得在哪儿见过这个人。
mean to do: 打算做某事
mean doing: 意味着做某事
eg. I mean to come earlier today.
我今天打算早点来。
Missing this train means waiting for another hour.
错过这列火车意味着又要等一个小时。
try to do: 努力/设法做某事
try doing: 尝试/试着做某事
eg. She tried to finish the work as quickly as she could.
她努力地要尽快完成这项工作。
I tried doing the exercise in a different way.
我尝试用另一种方法解题。
stop to do: 停下来做某事
stop doing: 停止做某事
eg. The workers stopped to have a rest.
工人们停下来休息。
The workers stopped working and took a rest.
工人们停止了手中的活，休息一 下。
go on to do: 继续做另一件事
go on doing: 继续做同一件事
eg. After doing the cooking, mother went on to do some washing.
饭做好后，妈妈又继续洗衣服了。
The workers went on working after a short rest.
短暂的休息后，工人们又开始干活了。
Let me try!
第一部分：用所给动词的V-ing形式填空，并判断其在句中充当的成分。
1. The girl __________ (stand) under the tree is my sister. (作______语)
2. __________ (not know) her address, I couldn’t visit her. (作______语)
standing
定语
Not knowing
状语
解析：修饰“The girl”，意为“站在树下的女孩”。“站在树下”是主动、正在进行的动作，用V-ing。这是V-ing短语作后置定语。
解析：表示原因。逻辑主语是“I”。“我不知道她的地址”是“我没能去拜访她”的原因。否定形式在V-ing前加not。
3. We heard someone __________ (sing) in the next room last night. (作______语)
4. The __________ (excite) crowd cheered for the team. (作______语)
singing
宾语补足语
exciting
定语
解析：在感官动词heard之后，补充说明宾语someone正在进行的动作，意为“听见有人在唱歌”。
解析：注意：此处原题为陷阱。excite的V-ing形式exciting修饰物，意为“令人兴奋的”；excited修饰人，意为“感到兴奋的”。根据crowd，应填exciting（令人兴奋的人群）。
1. The picture ______ on the wall was painted by my nephew.
A. hanged B. hanging
C. being hang D. hangs
2. ______ the homework, the student went out to play.
A. Finished B. Having finished
C. Finishing D. To finish
B。 解析：The picture和hang是主动关系（画挂在墙上），且表示状态。hanging作后置定语，相当于which is hanging。A项hanged是“绞死”的过去分词，C项形式错误，D项是谓语动词，但本句已有谓语was painted。
B。 解析：the student是finish的逻辑主语，且是主动关系。finish的动作发生在went out之前，所以需要用V-ing的完成式Having finished作时间状语。A项Finished是过去分词，表被动，不合逻辑。
3. I’m sorry to have kept you ______ for so long.
A. wait B. to wait C. waiting D. waited
4. The news sounds ______.
A. encouraging B. encouraged
C. encourage D. to encourage
C。 解析：keep sb. doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“让某人一直做某事”。waiting作宾语you的补足语。
A。 解析：sound是系动词，后接形容词作表语。news是物，用encouraging（令人鼓舞的）来描述其特性。encouraged（感到受鼓舞的）用来形容人。
B Applying the rules
B1 Rewrite the following sentences using verb-ing forms as
attributives, adverbials or object complements.
1. I saw that Jess was doing research online in the
computer room.
I saw _______________________ in the computer room.
2. Anybody who goes online should be careful about their
personal information.
____________________ should be careful about their
personal information.
3. When he heard the news, he jumped for joy.
_________________, he jumped for joy.
4. After I searched the Internet for information, I started
writing my article.
_______________________________________, I started
writing my article.
P35 B1
Jess doing research online
Anybody going online
Hearing the news
Having searched the Internet for information
B2 Anna is having a conversation with her friend Jen.
Complete the conversation with the correct forms of
the verbs in the box below.
amaze cut have run use think
Anna: Jen, I love your new haircut. It looks great!
Jen: Thanks! I chose it online. I was always worried about
picking a wrong style. That got me (1) __________-
what if someone could choose it for me
Anna: What do you mean
Jen: I found this (2) ________ app. If you upload a photo
of your face, it'll recommend a few haircuts to you.
Anna: Sounds super, but what if I don't like the
recommended haircuts
thinking
amazing
Jen: In that case, you can choose different styles from
hundreds of hairstyles and try them out. You can also
share pictures of your chosen haircuts on social
media and let your friends choose one for you!
Anna: Cool! What did the person (3) ________ your hair
think about the app
Jen: She said it would make her job easier. (4) _________
apps like this, people are more likely to find
satisfactory haircuts.
Anna: I agree. (5) ___________ a few bad haircuts myself,
I'm always a little nervous about having a new
haircut. I'll download it and get it (6) ___________.
amaze cut have run use think
cutting
Using
Having had
running
P35 B2

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