2026届高考英语专题复习 板块一 词法 课件(共19份)

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2026届高考英语专题复习 板块一 词法 课件(共19份)

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(共49张PPT)
第二讲 形容词和副词
核心考点 考频 命题预测
形容词 5年14考 ①形容词的考查频次最高,其中考查最多的是形容词
作定语和表语,作补足语和状语偶有涉及,未来高考仍
将以形容词作定语和表语为主。②副词考查最多的
是副词修饰动词,其次是修饰形容词和句子,未来考查
仍将以此为主。③比较等级考查最高级4次,比较级
2次,未来要多关注比较等级中的新考法
副词 5年7考
比较等级 5年6考
1
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
2
考点二 形容词和副词的比较等级
3
考点三 形容词和副词的词形转换
4
高分策略 精思维 解题势如破竹
PART
01
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
1.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The latest engineering techniques are applied to
create this protective __________(function) structure that is also
beautiful.
functional
解析:考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,空处与protective并列,修饰空后
的名词structure,应用形容词形式。
2.(2023 ·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)No matter where I buy them,though,one
steamer basket is ______ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and
so I am always left wanting more next time.
rarely
解析:考查副词。空处修饰形容词enough,应用副词形式。
3.(2022 ·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)When he looked down, he ___________
(accidental) slipped and fell over the edge.
accidentally
解析:考查副词。空处修饰动词slipped,应用副词accidentally,意为“意外
地、失误地”。
4.(2023 ·全国甲卷)_________(difference) from traditional fables,
Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
Different
解析:考查形容词。 be different from意为“与……不同”,是固定短语。
此处作状语,应去掉be动词,且空处位于句首,单词首字母要大写。
要点一
形容词主要用来修饰名词、代词, 表示事物或人的性质和特征,可作
定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或状语等。
1.通常只作表语的形容词:(1)以“a-”开头的形容词:afraid(害怕的)、
alone(孤单的)、alive(活着的)、alike(相似的)、ashamed
(羞愧的)、awake(醒着的)等; (2)content、worth、ill、sure、well等。
2.通常不用“人”作主语的形容词:possible、impossible、probable、convenient、
necessary等。
3.形容词作状语时,表示主语所处的状态。其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持
一致。
要点二
副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至整个句子,作状语,此外
副词还可作表语、宾语补足语等。
1.有些副词如fortunately、luckily、surprisingly、honestly、actually、
personally等作状语时往往修饰整个句子,表示说话人的态度与看法。通常
位于句首,常用逗号与句子分开。
2.常考的连接性副词:though(然而、可是)一般用于句末,表转折;
meanwhile(在此期间);therefore/thus/consequently(因此、所以)表结
果;moreover/furthermore/besides/additionally(而且、此外)表并列、递进
或顺承;however(然而)表转折;instead(相反、代替);
anyway/anyhow(尽管、即使这样)表让步;otherwise(否则)。
3.意义不同的同根副词
close不远地,接近
closely密切地,接近地
high(空间上)高
highly(程度上)高度地
deep(空间上)深
deeply(情感上)深刻地,强烈地
late迟,晚
lately最近
free免费
freely不受限制地;无拘无束地
near近
nearly几乎,差不多
hard努力地
hardly几乎不
wide充分地
widely广泛地,范围广地
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(外研选必一 U1)People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking
through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times
__________(previous).
previously
解析:考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰动词read,应使用副词形式。
2.(外研必修二 U4) Starting with an orchestra playing traditional
Chinese instruments, the opera brought a ___________(complete) new
sound to my Western ears.
completely
解析:考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰形容词new,应使用副词形
式。
3.When we arrived at the ball, we didn't find anyone else. ________
(curiosity),we looked around for other guests.
Curious
解析:考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,此处是形容词作状语,说明主语的
状态,空处位于句首,单词首字母应大写。
PART
02
考点二 形容词和副词的比较等级
1.(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the_______ (large) United States
national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern
Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as
a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
largest
解析:考查形容词最高级。根据空前的定冠词 the 和空后的名词短语
United States national park 可知,本句暗含着黄石国家公园与美国所有国
家公园之间的比较,空处应用形容词的最高级形式。
2.(2023 ·浙江卷1月)Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and
________(simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs were
narrower.
simpler
解析:考查形容词比较级。空处与空前的far smaller并列,此处表示“在设
计和装饰方面更简单”,应用形容词的比较级形式。
3.(2022 ·全国乙卷)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day,
the birthplace of tea and the _______(large) tea-producing country,
China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the
healthy development of the tea industry.
largest
解析:考查形容词最高级。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的名词短语tea-
producing country并结合常识可知,此处表示“最大的产茶国”,应用形容
词的最高级形式。
4.(2022 ·全国甲卷)In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34
countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of
Kilimanjaro, Africa's _______ (high) mountain.
highest
解析:考查形容词最高级。根据空前的Africa's和空后的mountain并结合常
识可知,此处表示“非洲最高的山脉”,应用形容词的最高级形式。
要点一
比较等级的变化规则
1.规则变化
情况 变化规则 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词 加-er/-est small smaller smallest
以不发音字母 e结尾的词 加-r/-st large larger largest
以辅音字母结 尾的重读闭音 节词 双写这个辅音字 母,再加-er/-est hot hotter hottest
情况 变化规则 原级 比较级 最高级
以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的词 变y为i再加-er/- est easy easier easiest
多音节词和部 分双音节词 词前加more/most interesting more interesting most int-
eresting
续表
【名师点津】 (1)有少数双音节形容词,既可以加-er和-est,又可以加
more和most构成比较级和最高级;如common、handsome、quiet、pleasant、
cruel、stupid、secure等。
(2)表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent、extreme、perfect、favorite等,
没有比较等级。
2.不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly/ill worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
old older/elder oldest/eldest
原级 比较级 最高级
far farther(只指距离)更远 的 farthest(只指距离)最远

further(指距离或程度) 更远的,更进一步的 furthest(指距离或程度)
最远的,最深入的
续表
要点二
比较等级常用句型
等级 形式 意义
原级 as+adj./adv.(原级) +as... 和……一样……
as+adj.(原级)+a(n)+可数名词单数+as...
not as/so...as... 和……不一样
比较级 比较级+than 比……更……
the+比较级+of the two+可数名词复数 两者中较……的那

比较级+and+比较级 越来越……
the+比较级...,the+比较级... 越……,就越……
等级 形式 意义
最高级 the+最高级+比较范围(in/of/among...) 最……
比较级+than any other +单数名词 比任何一个……
都……
比较级+than all the other+名词复数 比其他所有……
都……
比较级+than anything/anyone else/any of the other+名词复数 比任何一个……
都……
否定词+比较级 表示最高级含义
续表
【名师点津】 比较等级常见标志词
(1)出现much、far、even、rather、a little、a bit、a lot、a great deal、
than等标志词时应用比较级;
(2)空后有in、of、among等表范围的标志词时应用最高级;
(3)空前有定冠词the、one of the、“the+序数词”等修饰词时应用最高级。
要点三
倍数句型
1.A+is+倍数+比较级+than+B
2.A+is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
3.A+is+倍数+the+计量名词(size、length、height等)+of+B
4.The+计量名词+of+A+is+倍数+that+of+B
5.A+is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(译林选必一 U3) While it was hard to pick a favourite painting out
of so many amazing works, the artists who made the ________(deep)
impression on me were two of the greatest Impressionist painters, Claude
Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir.
deepest
解析:考查形容词最高级。根据句意并结合空前的定冠词the和空后的名词
impression可知,空处应用形容词的最高级形式。
2.(2025·南京三模)The village didn't waste its newfound access and
built more infrastructure to make life______(easy) for residents and
attract curious visitors from outside.
easier
解析:考查形容词比较级。根据上文中的more infrastructure并结合语境可
知,此处表示“建立了更多的基础设施来使得居民们的生活更加便利”,应用
形容词的比较级形式,作make的宾语补足语。
3.For the people suffering tremendous pressure, the Alps is completely an
ideal place to release pressure. The more you explore Alps,
the____________(stressed) you will feel.
less stressed
解析:考查形容词比较级。此处为“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构,
意为“越……,就越……”;根据语境可知,此处表示“你就会感觉压力越小”,
应用形容词的比较级形式。
PART
03
考点三 形容词和副词的词形转换
1.(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those
amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, _____
(taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite
Chinese street food.
tasty
解析:考查形容词。空处与空前的形容词hot并列,修饰空后的名词soup,
应用形容词。
2.(2023 ·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)So, what are they learning _________
(basic), how to describe a panda's life.
Basically
解析:考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处作状语修饰整个句子,应用副
词形式。单词位于句首,首字母应大写。
3.(2023 ·全国乙卷)The___________ (remark) development of this
city,which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into
the modern world,means there is always something new to discover here,
and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
remarkable
解析:考查形容词。空处在句中作定语,修饰名词development,应用形容
词。
4.(2022 ·全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even
more___________(meaning).
meaningful
解析:考查形容词。此处是“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,应用形容词
meaningful作宾语补足语。
要点一
常考形容词后缀
构成 意义 例词
名词+-y 充满……的 wind—windy
wealth—wealthy
名词/动词+-ful 充满……的; 有……倾向的 wonder—wonderful  use—useful
power—powerful
peace—peaceful
构成 意义 例词
名词+-al/-ial 与……有关的 person—personal 
face—facial
名词+-ous 有……性质的 glory—glorious 
humor—humorous
名词+-ish 有……性质的 child—childish 
self—selfish
名词/动词+-ible /-able 能……的; 可……的 access—accessible
reason—reasonable
续表
构成 意义 例词
名词/动词+-ive 有……性质的 attract—attractive
create—creative
名词/动词+-ly 有……特征的 friend—friendly
time—timely
续表
构成 意义 例词
名词/动词+-less 没有……的 end—endless
aim—aimless
名词+-en 由……制成的 wood—wooden
名词+-ern ……方向的 south—southern
名词/动词+-ate 具有……性质 的 fortune—fortunate
consider—considerate
续表
要点二
形容词变副词的规则
类别 例词
一般形容词变副词直接在其 后加-ly anxious—anxiously
以辅音字母+e结尾的形容词 直接加-ly,以元音字母+e结 尾的形容词去掉e再加-ly immediate—immediately
polite—politely
true—truly
以辅音字母+le结尾的形容词 要去掉e再加-y probable—probably
(特殊情况:whole—wholly)
类别 例词
以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词 要变y为i再加-ly happy—happily
(特殊情况:dry—drily/dryly、shy—shyly)
以ic结尾的形容词要在其后加 -ally economic—economically
basic—basically
以ll结尾的形容词要在其后加- y full—fully
dull—dully
续表
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(译林选必三 U2)Splendid as the view of the Earth is, spacewalking
is not as ________(excite) as you might think.
exciting
解析:考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,此处为原级比较,两个as之间应
用形容词exciting,意为“令人兴奋的”。
2.(北师大选必三U9)Dr. Sun Qiang, director of the research team, said
they had been _______(whole) devoted to the research and had been
taking care of more than 1,000 monkeys 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
for more than 5 years.
wholly
解析:考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰动词,应用副词形式。
3.(外研选必四 U6)Our power to investigate and thus understand space
changed ____________ (dramatic) when the first telescope was angled
at the night sky.
dramatically
解析:考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰动词changed,应用副词形
式。
PART
04
高分策略 精思维 解题势如破竹(共52张PPT)
第三讲 介词(短语)
核心考点 语法填空考频 命题预测
介词的基 本用法 5年3考 该考点是高考的稳定考点,但题目难度很可能会
随着新情境的设置或创新考查形式的出现而增
加。考生需要准确理解句子的语意、逻辑,并熟
练掌握介词在各类情境中的基本用法
介词与名 词、动词 等的固定 搭配 5年13考 该考点考查频次较高。命题者常会通过长难句
增加句子结构及语意的复杂性,进而增加题目难
度。考生要注意总结同一介词的不同用法和搭
配,以提高记忆效率
1
考点一 介词的基本用法
2
考点二 介词的固定搭配
3
高分策略 精思维 解题势如破竹
PART
01
考点一 介词的基本用法
1.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The Glasshouse stands ___ a great achievement
in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of
China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk
Route.
as
解析:考查介词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处缺少介词,此处指
“玻璃温室作为当代设计的一项伟大成就而存在”,应用as。
2.(2024·全国甲卷)This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural
beauty, must be well preserved ____ all people of the nation to enjoy—as
a national park.
for
解析:考查介词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处缺少介词,此处指
“必须为全国人民好好保护”,应用for。
3.(2021 ·全国甲卷)It was built originally to protect the city _________
the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
in/during
解析:考查介词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知,空处缺少介词,此处表
示“在唐朝(期间)”,应用in或during。
表时 间的 介词 1.at 表示在某一时间点、某一时刻;2.in+一般意义的上午、下午或晚上及月或年等长的时间;3.on表示具体的日子或特定的时间,具体到某日或特定的上午、下午或晚上
1.for+表示时间段的词组;2.since(从……开始)+时间点;3.over+时间段
1.after意为“在……之后”;2.by意为“在(某时)前,不迟于”;3.before意为“在……之前”;4.during意为“……期间”;5.until/till意为“直到……为止”;6.within意为“在……之内”;7.through意为“一直到(包括所指时间在内)”
表地点、方 位的介词 1.in 表示在某范围内;2.on 表示与某地相邻或接壤;3.to表示在某范围之外;4.off表示有一定距离
1.over 表示在正上方,恰好垂直的位置关系(反义词:under);2.above意为“高于,在……上方”,多指在相对较高的位置(反义词:below);3.on意为“在……上”,在物体表面上(反义词:beneath)
1.across意为“横过”,指从物体的一边到另一边;2.through意为“穿过,贯穿”,指从内部穿过;3.over意为“越过,跨过”,指从物体的上面通过
续表
程度介词 1.above/over意为“超过”;2.about/around意为“大约”;3.by意为“(增加/削弱/相差/高出等)到……程度”
其他常考介词 1.besides意为“除……外(还)”,包括后面提到的人或物;2.except意为“除……之外”,不包括后面提到的人或物
as:1.像,如同;2.作为,当作
with: 1.和……一起,和,同,跟;2.(伴)随着;3.具有,带有;4.由于,因为;5.(表示方式)用
against: 1.反对,违背,与……相反;2.触,碰撞;3.紧靠,倚靠;4.与……竞争,对阵;5.以……为背景
续表
其他常考介词 for:1.(表目的或功能)为了;2.(表对象或用途)给,对,为;3.(表原因)因为,由于;4.支持,赞成;5.至于,关于,就……而言;6.(表去向)往,向;7.(表陈述或问题的对象)对于
beyond:1.(指程度)深于;2.(指范围)超出;3.(指可能性、理解力、能力等)非……可及;4.(时间)晚于
despite:“尽管,虽然”,表让步
1.at意为“以……速度(价格等)”;2.by意为“以……计”,后常跟计量单位;3.in意为“在……方面”
续表
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(人教选必二U2)As I always tell my son, there are no great
difficulties ____ a person who is brave, optimistic, and willing to work
hard!
for
解析:考查介词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处缺少介词,此处表
示“对于一个人来说”,应用for。
2.(北师大选必一U1) I wasn't very good at most school subjects before
I met Mr Jenkins. I suppose I was a bit lazy, especially ___ maths.
in
解析:考查介词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处缺少介词,此处表
示“在数学方面”,应用in。
3.(人教选必二U3) Later, I had a chance to experience authentic
Chinese food ____ coming to China.
by
解析:考查介词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处缺少介词,此处表
示“通过来中国”,应用by。
PART
02
考点二 介词的固定搭配
1.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony
Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___ Romeo and Juliet.
to
解析:考查介词。be similar to为固定搭配,意为“与……相似”;in some
ways在that引导的宾语从句中作状语,将similar和to分开了。
2.(2023 ·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)There, you'll find them prepared differently—
more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed ____ hand
rather than rolled.
by
解析:考查介词。by hand为固定搭配,意为“用手工”。
3.(2023 ·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)And who do they speak English _______?
to/with
解析:考查介词。speak to/with sb.为固定搭配,意为“与某人交谈”。
4.(2023 ·全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums,narrow hutong
___ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious
history even down to its layout,with the city keeping its carefully built
system of ring roads.
to
解析:考查介词。from...to...为固定搭配,意为“从……到……”。
5.(2023 ·全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing
society,and she teaches that people must take responsibility ____ saving
their environment.
for
解析:考查介词。take responsibility for为固定搭配,意为“对……负责”。
6.(2022 ·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Giant pandas also serve ___ an umbrella
species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in
the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
as
解析:考查介词。serve as为固定搭配,意为“充当/担任……”。
要点一
介词与名词构成的搭配
1.at+名词
at peace处于和平状态
at war处于战争状态
at a loss不知所措
at the cost of以……的代价
at the risk of冒……的危险
at the mercy of在……支配下;由……摆布
at the same time同时
2.on+名词
on exhibition/show/display在展出
on holiday/vacation在度假
on average平均;一般地
on account of因为
on behalf of代表
on no account/condition决不
on the decrease/increase在减少/增加
3.by+名词
by accident/chance偶然地
by hand手工
by mistake错误地
by coincidence碰巧
by nature天生地
by the day按天算
4.in+名词
in cash用现金付款
in depth在深度上
in return作为回报
in detail详细地
in danger (of) 在危险中,垂危
in charge of掌管
in exchange for作为交换
in favor of支持,赞成
in support of...为支持……
in place of代替
in honour of...为向……表示敬意
in possession of拥有,占有
in memory of...为了纪念……
in addition to另外
in no time立刻
in no way决不
5.of+名词
of benefit有益处的
of significance有意义的
of help有帮助的
of use有用的
of importance重要的
of value有价值的
6.out of+名词
out of balance失去平衡
out of order发生故障
out of breath上气不接下气
out of sight看不见
out of control失去控制
out of date过期;过时
out of work失业
out of the question不可能
7.under+名词
under attack遭到袭击
under treatment在治疗中
under pressure在压力下
under control处于控制之中
under repair在修理中
under discussion在讨论中
8.with+名词
with delight/joy高兴地
with fear害怕地
with pleasure乐意地
with ease轻而易举地
9.beyond+名词
beyond compare无与伦比
beyond description难以描述
beyond reach够不到
beyond expression/words难以表达
要点二
形容词与介词构成的搭配
1.be+形容词+about
be anxious about为……感到焦虑
be curious about对……好奇
be particular about对……挑剔
be worried/concerned about对……担心
2.be+形容词+at
be angry at因/对……生气
be astonished at对……吃惊
be good at擅长
be present at出席
3.be+形容词+in
be absorbed in专注于
be active in积极
be dressed in穿着
be engaged in忙于
be rich in富含
be occupied in忙于
4.be+形容词+for
be eager for渴望
be famous for因……著名
be fit for适合,胜任
be prepared for为……做好准备
be ready for准备好
be sorry for对……感到抱歉
5.be+形容词+from
be absent from缺席
be different from不同于
be far from远离
be free from不受……影响
6.be+形容词+to
be close to接近
be devoted to致力于
be equal to等于;胜任
be familiar to对……熟悉
be friendly to对……友好
be grateful to对……心存感激
be harmful to对……有害
be similar to与……相似
7.be+形容词+of
be aware of意识到
be critical of对……挑剔
be proud of因……而自豪
be short of缺乏
8.be+形容词+with
be angry with对……生气
be busy with忙于
be familiar with对……熟悉
be patient with对……有耐心
be pleased with对……感到满意
be popular with受……欢迎
要点三
动词与介词构成的搭配
1.“动词+sb.+of+sth.”结构
accuse sb. of sth.指责/控告某人某事
convince sb. of sth.使某人确信某事
cure sb. of sth.治好某人的某种疾病
inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事
remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某事
rid sb. of sth.使某人摆脱某物
rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物
suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人某事
warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事
2.“动词+sb.+for+doing sth.”结构
blame sb. for doing sth.指责某人做某事
criticize/scold sb. for doing sth.批评某人做某事
excuse/forgive/pardon sb. for doing sth.原谅某人做某事
punish sb. for doing sth.因做某事而惩罚某人
thank sb. for doing sth.感谢某人做某事
3.“动词+sb./sth.+from+(doing) sth.”结构
keep/prevent/stop sb./sth. from doing sth.阻止某人/某物做某事
defend/protect/preserve/shelter sb./sth. from being done保护某人/某物免于
被……
ban/prohibit sb./sth. from doing sth.禁止某人/某物做某事
4.其他常考的动词与介词的搭配
account for占……(比例);解释……(原因)
act as 充当;起作用
break away from 脱离;逃离
bring about 引起;导致;造成
call for (去)接;需要;(公开)要求
carry out 履行;实施;执行
carry through 帮助……渡过难关
come across (偶然)遇见
come to an end 终止,结束
come up with 提出
consist of由……组成
do without 没有……而设法对付过去
end up with 以……结束
get across 被理解;把……讲清楚
get around 传播;流传;各处走动
get down to 开始做某事
get over 解决;克服;控制
get rid of 除去,去掉;免除,摆脱
get through 正式通过;(用电话)接通;顺利通过(考试等)
give rise to使发生
give way to屈服;退让;让步
go against违反;与……不符
go in for参加考试(或竞赛);对某事物有兴趣
go through经历
look down on/upon轻视;瞧不起
look into调查;审查
make the best of充分利用
put up with忍受,容忍
see through看穿;识破
see to照料;处理
set about着手做
show off炫耀;展示
take in吸入;理解,领会
take on承担;呈现,具有
work out计算出;制定出
要点四
介词与其他词构成的搭配
but for要不是
instead of代替
regardless of不管,不顾
apart from除……之外
up to直到;由……决定
according to根据
along with随着
by means of通过,借助于
because of因为,由于
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(人教选必二 U2)When I got lost, I had to ask passers-by for help,
but people here speak fast and use words I'm not familiar _____.
with
解析:考查介词。be familiar with为固定搭配,意为“对……熟悉”。
2.(译林选必四 U4)Four years had disappeared _______ a flash. I stood
with my certificate in hand and reflected ____ those four years.
in/like
on
解析:考查介词。in/like a flash为固定搭配,意为“转瞬间、立刻”;reflect
on为固定搭配,意为“认真思考、回想”。
3.(外研选必一U4) Where technology will take art next is anyone's
guess. But one thing is ____ sure—with so many artists exploring new
possibilities, we can definitely expect the unexpected.
for
解析:考查介词。for sure为固定搭配,意为“确定的”。
PART
03
高分策略 精思维 解题势如破竹(共34张PPT)
第二讲 代词
核心考点 语法填空 考频 命题预测
人称代词变物 主代词 5年7考 高考一般考查主格人称代词变宾格人称代词、
物主代词或反身代词。题目难度保持在较低水
平。未来高考对代词的考查将继续侧重于代词
的基本用法,并可能加强语境的真实性和复杂性
人称代词变反 身代词 5年1考
1
考点一 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
2
考点二 不定代词
3
考点三 it的用法
PART
01
考点一 人称代词、物主代词、
反身代词
1.(2024·全国甲卷)They wondered out loud. This area, with ____(it)
unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all
people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
its
解析:考查形容词性物主代词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处修饰
后面的名词beauty,应用形容词性物主代词its。
2.(2023 ·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have
a fine skin,allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without
tearing or spilling any of _____ (they) contents.
their
解析:考查形容词性物主代词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处修饰
空后的名词contents,应用形容词性物主代词作定语。
3.(2021 ·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)As the song goes, this long and winding road
“will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor's memory.
It sure does in ______ (I).
mine
解析:考查名词性物主代词。根据前一句“it will always stick in the
visitor's memory”可知,本句中的does指代前一句中的stick,空处应用名词
性物主代词mine指代my memory,作介词in的宾语。
类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
功能 主语 宾语、 表语 定语 主语、表 语、宾语 宾语、表 语、同位语
第一 人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二 人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
第三 人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
续表
【名师点津】 (1)形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,可用在名词前作定语
或在动名词前作逻辑主语;
(2)名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”;名词性物主代词
还可与of连用,构成双重所有格;
(3)含反身代词的固定搭配:apply oneself to 致力于;behave oneself
表现得体,有礼貌;come to oneself 苏醒过来;devote oneself to 致力于;
dress oneself 自己穿衣;enjoy oneself 过得愉快;help oneself to 随便吃,
随便用;make oneself at home不拘束;say to oneself 自言自语;seat
oneself就座;by oneself 独自; of oneself 自动地。
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(人教必修一U3)Finally, I stopped comparing_______(I) with
actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my
face or body.
myself
解析:考查代词。此处表示“我不再把自己跟女演员和模特作比较”,空处
作宾语,与主语I指代同一个人,应用反身代词。
2.(译林选必二 U3)Despite the uncertainty about ____(it) medical
basis, acupuncture (针灸) has become a popular form of treatment.
its
解析:考查代词。此处表示“针灸的医学基础”,空处作定语,应用形容词性
物主代词its,相当于acupuncture's。
3.(译林选必三 U4)If your heart breaks like ______(I) at the thought
of our irreplaceable heritage being lost forever, please take action.
mine
解析:考查代词。空处指代“我的心”,相当于 my heart,应用名词性物主
代词 mine。
PART
02
考点二 不定代词
要点一
both、all,either、any,neither、none
都 任何一个 都不
两者 both either neither
三者或三者以上 all any none
【名师点津】 all、both等与not连用时,表示部分否定;如果要表示全部否定,
应用none或neither。
*I couldn't hear every word of his speech.
他的演讲并非每个词我都能听见。
*You cannot keep both the gifts to yourself. One of them is for your
brother.
你不能把两个礼物都留给自己,其中一个是你弟弟的。
要点二
other、others、the other、the others和another
不定代词 意义 用法
other 泛指,其余的 通常不单独使用,可作定语,修饰名词
others 泛指,其余的人 或物 others=other+复数名词
只能单独使用(不作定语)
可用于“some...others...”结构
the other 特指,两者中的 另一个 可单独使用,也可修饰名词
可用于“one...the other...”结构
不定代词 意义 用法
the others 特指,两部分中 的另一部分 the others=the other+复数名词
只能单独使用(不作定语)
another 泛指,三者或三 者以上中的另一 个;另外的 可单独使用,也可修饰名词,但不与冠词
连用
another(+数词/few)+名词
续表
要点三
none、nothing和no one/nobody
不定代词 用法
none 1.特指语境中提到的人或物,强调数量,意为“没有一点”;
2.后可接of 短语,可回答how many/how much 引导的特殊疑
问句
nothing 1.指物,表泛指,意为“没有任何东西”;
2.不可接of 短语,可回答what引导的特殊疑问句
no one/nobody 1.常指人,仅用于指代可数名词单数,意为“没有人、谁也不”;
2.不可接of 短语,可回答who引导的特殊疑问句
要点四
it、one(s)和that/those作替代词的区别
it 指代前面提到过的同一个人或物 a/an+可数名词单数
=one;
the+可数名词单数
=that/the one;
the+不可数名词=that;
the+可数名词复数=the
ones/those;
可数名词复数=ones
one (s) one代替前面提到过的同类异物中的任 何一个,相当于“a/an十可数名词单 数”,表示泛指;其复数形式为ones
that/tho se that代替前面提到过的同类异物中特指 的事物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词 单数,也可以是不可数名词,其前面通 常不能有修饰语,但可以有后置定语; 其复数形式为those
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(译林选必二U1)The history of advertising has always been closely
linked with _____ of the mass media.
that
解析:考查代词。此处表示“大众媒体的历史”,空处指代前面的The
history ,应用that。
2.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, ____________ will
have to worry about fashion.
nobody/none
解析:考查代词。根据句意可知,此处表示“没有人会担心时尚的问题”,
空处应用nobody或none。
3.She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked _______ and
moved to Cambridge.
neither
解析:考查代词。根据句意可知,空处指代London and Manchester,并有否
定含义,表示“两者都不”,应用neither。
4.China's writing system is a strong bridge linking Chinese people and the
culture of the present with ______ of the past.
those
解析:考查代词。空处指代Chinese people and the culture,表示复数含义,
应用 those。
PART
03
考点三 it的用法
基本用法 用作人称代词,指代上文提过的内容
指代天气、时间、距离、环境等
指代身份不明的人或不明性别的婴儿
作形式主语 动词不定式(短语)作真正主语:
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
动名词(短语)作真正主语:
______________________________________________________________________________________________
续表
作形式主语 主语从句作真正主语:
_________________________________________________________________________________________
续表
作形式宾语 动词(think/find/feel/consider/make/believe)+it+宾语补足语
(adj./n.)+动词不定式/动名词/从句
表示爱、恨等情感的动词(dislike/appreciate/hate/love)+it+
宾语从句
that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语,需要借助形式
宾语it。常见的有:depend on it that...、see to it that...等
续表
用于固定句 型中 1.强调句型:It be+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分.
2.It's (high) time+that从句.
3.It be+the+序数词+time+that从句.
4.It is/has been+时间段+since从句.
5.It be+时间段+before从句.
续表
用于固定结 构中 1.as it is 事实上;照目前情况
2.be worth it 值得
3.it (all) depends 视情况而定
4.make it 准时到达;获得成功
5.take it easy 放轻松;别着急
6.when it comes to... 说到……
续表
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(人教选必二U3)___ takes about twenty minutes from the time you
start eating for your brain to tell your body that you are full.
It
解析:考查代词。分析句子结构可知,此处为“It takes+时间+for sb. to do
sth.”句型。it 作形式主语。单词位于句首,首字母应大写。
2.(译林选必二U2)___ was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, who
brought the Olympics back to life.
It
解析:考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知,本句为强调句型:It
was...who...。单词位于句首,首字母应大写。
3.(人教选必一U5)Today,___ is estimated that about 60 percent of
domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from
Yuan's hybrid strains.
it
解析:考查代词。分析句子结构可知,本句为固定句型“It is+过去分词
+that 从句.”。it 作形式主语。
4.(2025·山东省实验中学二模)Besides, almost every country has made
___ a must that students learn English in colleges.
it
解析:考查代词。分析句子结构可知,空处作宾语,a must 为宾语补足语;
结合句意可知,空处应用it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语是that引导的宾语从句。(共18张PPT)
语法精练 重实效 演练核心要点
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.If only Edward ________________(remember) to finish his homework
yesterday! Today, he wouldn't be in such a hurry to complete it before
class.
had remembered
解析:考查虚拟语气。根据 If only并结合语境可知,此处表示“要是昨天爱
德华记得完成作业就好了”,为if only条件句中的虚拟语气,且表示与过去事
实相反,应用过去完成时。
2.Gary __________________________________(play) but for a knee
injury. It was a pity for him to miss such an important game.
should/would/could/might have played
解析:考查虚拟语气。根据but for 并结合语境可知,此处表示“要不是膝盖
受伤,加里应该就可以参加比赛”,为含蓄虚拟语气,且表示与过去事实相反,应
用“should/would/could/might have+过去分词”。
3.If Mike should have a clear exercising goal, he ____________________
___________(make) full use of his time.
should/would/could/
might make
解析:考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知,此处表示“如果迈克有一个明确的锻
炼目标,他应该充分利用他的时间”,为if条件句中的虚拟语气,且表示与将来
事实相反,应用“should/would/could/might+动词原形”。
4.I would rather you ___________(help) me clean the house or cook
the meals than lay on the sofa all day long.
had helped
解析:考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知,此处表示“我宁愿你帮我打扫房子或
做饭,而不是整天躺在沙发上”,would rather后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气,表
示对过去的虚拟,应用过去完成时。
5.If I __________(live) out of town at that time, I would have taken
up gardening as a hobby.
had lived
解析:考查虚拟语气。根据If并结合语境可知,此处表示“如果我那时住在城
外,我会把园艺作为一种爱好”,为if条件句中的虚拟语气,且表示与过去事实
相反,应用过去完成时。
6.I am sorry I am very busy now. If I _____(have) time, I would
certainly go to the movies with you.
had
解析:考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知,本句中If引导的从句表示对现在的
情况进行假设,主句用“would+动词原形”,从句应用一般过去时。
7.The father had hoped that his daughter ____________(learn) to be
satisfied so that the smallest joys in life appeared much bigger.
would learn
解析:考查虚拟语气。根据had hoped 并结合语境可知,此处表示“父亲希
望女儿能学会满足……”,had hoped后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气,应用
“would+动词原形”。
8.If only I ______________________________(become) a wonderful
chef and run a restaurant on my own in the future, where I could serve
my guests with love and care.
would/could/should/might become
解析:考查虚拟语气。根据 If only 并结合语境可知,此处表示“要是我将
来能成为一名出色的厨师,自己经营一家餐馆就好了”,为if only条件句中的
虚拟语气,且表示与将来事实相反,应用“would/could/should/might+动词原
形”。
9.If you don't want to go swimming, you __________as well stay at
home. Actually, it is up to you to decide.
may/might
解析:考查情态动词。may/might as well do sth. 为固定用法,意为“不妨
做某事、还是做某事的好”。
10.Nobody knows where the jewels have gone and they __________ have
been stolen.
may/might
解析:考查情态动词。根据句意可知,这是对过去情况不太肯定的推测,
应用may或might。
Ⅱ.语法填空
I once made a serious mistake in my life and I will never forget it.
My deskmate is a boy from the countryside, and he always admires my
fluent English very much and I usually feel 1.___________(encourage)
by his compliments (赞美).
encouraged
One day, 2.______ we learned the new word “eccentric(古怪的)”
in class, we 3.___________(ask) to make a sentence with it. I
volunteered to do it by saying “My deskmate is an eccentric boy
4._______ clothes never fit him.” Hearing this, the whole class burst into
5.________(laugh) and my deskmate's face turned red.6.______ class, I
learned from the teacher that my deskmate 7._________________________
____________(drop) out of school if he hadn't been helped by others.
My mindless words must have hurt him 8._______(deep).
when
were asked
whose
laughter
After
would/should/might/could have dropped
deeply
Not until then did I realize that words could be powerful 9.___ both
positive and negative ways. What we should always remember is that we
should try our best not 10.________ (hurt) others if we can't always
be encouraging when we speak.
in
to hurt
【解题导语】 文章讲述了作者一句无心的话语深深地伤害了他的同
桌的故事。
1.___________
encouraged
解析:考查形容词。feel为系动词,后跟形容词。
2.______
when
解析:考查时间状语从句。分析句子及上下文语境可知,空处引导时间状
语从句,应用when。
3.___________
were asked
解析:考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知,此处指“我们被要求用
‘eccentric’造句”,应用被动语态,且事情发生在过去,应用一般过去时的
被动语态。
4._______
whose
解析:考查关系代词。空处引导定语从句,并表示所属关系,应用whose。
5.________
laughter
解析:考查名词。burst into laughter意为“放声大笑”,为固定搭配。
6.______
After
解析:考查介词。此处指“下课后”,after class为固定表达。
7.___________________________________
would/should/might/could have dropped
解析:考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知,此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件
句,主句谓语为“would/should/might/could have+过去分词”,从句用“had+
过去分词”。
8._______
deeply
解析:考查副词。此处用副词deeply修饰带有感彩的动词。
9.___
in
解析:考查介词。表示“通过某种方式”通常用“in...way”。
10.________
to hurt
解析:考查动词不定式。try one's best to do sth.意为“尽某人最大的努力
做某事”,为固定用法。(共18张PPT)
语法精练 重实效 演练核心要点
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2025·广州一模)Despite their varied sizes and designs, these skywells
are typically square and located in ____ heart of the house.
the
解析:考查冠词。此处特指“房屋的中心”,空处应用定冠词 the。
2.(2025·安徽“江南十校”联考)Confucius stresses that self-discipline is
___ must for practicing the rules of propriety (礼) and achieving “ren”.
a
解析:考查冠词。此处为抽象名词具体化,表示“一个必不可少的条件”,且
must 的发音以辅音音素开头,空处应用不定冠词a。
3.(2025·长沙新高考适应性考试)I, as a BBC food writer, traveled
China last year. Then I fell in love with the hairy crab, which is one
of____ most prized Chinese dishes.
the
解析:考查冠词。此处为“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构,空
处应用定冠词the。
4.(2025·河南高考适应性测试)Acupuncture, as ____ ancient Chinese
treatment, is a reflect of a rich history and significant Chinese culture.
an
解析:考查冠词。此处泛指“一种古老的中国疗法”,且ancient的发音以元音
音素开头,空处应用不定冠词 an。
5.(2025·西南“3+3+3”诊断性联考)The technology refers to a
reconfigurable (可重新配置的) intelligent surface, ____ AI-empowered
artificial material.
an
解析:考查冠词。“____ AI-empowered artificial material”作intelligent
surface 的同位语。此处表泛指,且AI的发音以元音音素开头,空处应用不
定冠词 an。
6.(2025·新乡一模)At Fuyang Water Sports Centre, ___ variety of green
plants made the arena's greening rate reach 45 percent, which can collect
carbon and release oxygen, and also make the arena warm in winter and
cool in summer.
a
解析:考查冠词。 a variety of为固定短语,意为“各种各样的”,空处应用
不定冠词 a。
7.(2025·湖南新高考教学教研联盟一模)It's a race against time, as
generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy
make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, ___
UNESCO World Heritage Site.
a
解析:考查冠词。UNESCO World Heritage Site作the Mogao Caves 的同
位语。此处表示泛指,且UNESCO的发音以辅音音素开头,空处应用不定冠
词a。
8.(2025·聊城一模)These towering peaks, each being more than 6,000
meters, provide ___ dramatic setting for the attractive landscapes below.
a
解析:考查冠词。此处泛指“一个巨大的背景”,且dramatic的发音以辅音音
素开头,空处应用不定冠词a。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024·福建师大附中5月模拟)Recently, a Chinese college research
team has released China's first large language model (LLM) “Xunzi”,
1._______ uses deep learning techniques and massively big data sets to
help conduct research on ancient Chinese books. With the model, more
information hidden in our cultural legacy can 2.__________(mine) for.
which
be mined
This model, named 3.________ Xun Zi, one of the most celebrated
philosophers in ancient China for his Confucian classic Xunzi,
4.__________(comprise) the majority of Chinese ancient books and
documents. 5._________(design) to intelligently process ancient texts,
the system aims to promote innovative development in the research and
preservation of Chinese ancient books, enhance the efficiency and quality
of the legacy of traditional Chinese culture, 6._____ boost integration
between LLM and ancient book processing.
after/for
comprises
Designed
and
The research on Chinese traditional classics is 7.___ painstaking and
laborious challenge. Since 2013, the team have worked tirelessly to
digitize Chinese classics like the Siku Quanshu, 8._______(lay) a solid
foundation for the large language mitted to the philosophy of
making their data and model 9.__________(access) worldwide, the team
have a broader perspective targeting global users. To this end, they have
10.___________(handsome) shared the LLM on the Internet, enabling
more individuals to appreciate traditional Chinese culture.
a
laying
accessible
handsomely
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国推出的一种新型
语言模型,可以将中国古代典籍著作数字化,以此达到向世界传播中国文
化的良好意图。
1._______
which
解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,
先行词是LLM “Xunzi”,在从句中充当主语,应用which。
2.__________
be mined
解析:考查动词的语态。根据句意可知,此处表示“被挖掘”应用被动语态,
根据情态动词can可知,此处应用be done。
3.________
after/for
解析:考查介词。“be named after/for”为固定搭配,意为“以……的名字命
名”。
4.__________
comprises
解析:考查主谓一致。主语This model为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单
数;文章通篇使用一般现在时,所以空处的时态也应是一般现在时。
5._________
Designed
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语,与其逻辑主
语the system之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式,且单词位于句首,首
字母应大写。
6._____
and
解析:考查连词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,promote、enhance和
boost这三个动词之间是并列关系,应用and连接。
7.___
a
解析:考查冠词。challenge,此处是可数名词,意为“挑战”,表泛指,应
用不定冠词,painstaking的发音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。
8._______
laying
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语,它的逻辑主
语是前面一整句话,是“团队将国学经典数字化”为语言模型打下基础,二
者之间是主动关系,应用动词-ing形式。
9.__________
accessible
解析:考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,空处为“make sth.+形容词”结构,
应用形容词accessible作宾语补足语。
10.___________
handsomely
解析:考查副词。空处修饰动词,应用副词形式。(共42张PPT)
第二讲 构词法
由于语言的特点,英语单词的构成遵循一定的规律,即构词法。通过
掌握构词法,考生能够更好地理解词义、扩大词汇量,并掌握新词汇。
一 派生法
在词的词根前面或后面加上词缀来产生新词汇的构词方法叫作派生法。
大部分前缀和后缀都有固定的意义,因而许多派生词的词义可以通过词根
及词缀的含义进行推测得知。
1.前缀
一般情况下,前缀往往改变词根的词义,不改变词根的词性。
前缀 含义 示例
ab-/abs- 离去,去掉 abnormal adj.反常的
abstract adj.抽象的
ant-/anti- 相反;反 对;抗 antacid n.解酸药
antiwar adj.反战的
antibody n.抗体
前缀 含义 示例
be- 使 befriend vt.把……当朋友
bi- 二,两 bicycle n.自行车
by- 在旁边;副 的 bystander n.旁观者
by-product n.副产品
co-/col- 共同 cooperate v.合作
collaborate v.合作,协作
续表
前缀 含义 示例
com-/con- /cor- 共同;加强 compromise v.& n.妥协
contemporary adj.同时代的
correspond v.相一致,符合
de- 去掉,取 消;否定, 相反;减少 decode v.破译
destruction n.破坏
devalue v.贬值
续表
前缀 含义 示例
dis- 否定;除 去;分开, 分离 dislike v.不喜欢
disable v.使丧失能力
distract v.使分心;使困惑
em-/en- 进入……之 中,包围; 使;赋予 embrace v.拥抱
enlarge v.扩大
entitle v.给命名;使享有权力
续表
前缀 含义 示例
ex- 出,出去; 前面的 exit v.退出 n.出口
ex-wife n.前妻
fore- 前面,预先 foresee v.预见
forecast v.预报
il-/ir- 不,无 illegal adj.非法的
irregular adj.不规则的
续表
前缀 含义 示例
im-/in- 不,无;向 内,进入; 使,加以 impossible adj.不可能的
imprison v.监禁
incorrect adj.不正确的
inter- 在……之 间;相互 international adj.国际的
interact v.相互作用
kilo- 千 kilogram n.千克
续表
前缀 含义 示例
mal- 不良的,坏 的 malnutrition n.营养不良
malfunction v.故障;失灵
mis- 错的 misunderstand v.误解
multi- 多的 multimedia n.多媒体
non- 不,非 nonsense n.废话
续表
前缀 含义 示例
out- 超过,胜 过;出,外 outnumber v.多于
outperform v.超过;胜出
over- 过于;过 度;上面; 胜过 overcrowd v.过于拥挤
overbridge n.天桥
overflow v.溢出
overpower v.制服
续表
前缀 含义 示例
post- 后;以后 postgraduate n.研究生
pre- 前,预先 predict v.预言
preview v.预习
pro- 向前;在 前;代替 progress n.进步
prologue n.序言
pronoun n.代词
续表
前缀 含义 示例
re- 回,向后; 相反,不; 再,重新 recall v.& n.回忆
resist v.反抗
rearrange v.重新安排
sub- 下;次; 亚;副,下 级 submarine adj.海底的
subplot n.次要情节
subtropical adj.亚热带的
subordinate n.下属
续表
前缀 含义 示例
super- 超级;过 多;上 superpower n.超级大国
supernutrition n.营养过剩
superstructure n.上层结构
trans- 横过,越 过;变换, 转移 transatlantic adj.横渡大西洋的
transfer v.转让,转移
transplant v.移植
续表
前缀 含义 示例
un- 不,无;打 开,弄出 uncertain adj.不确定的
unfold v.展开,打开
under- 在……下; 不足;副 underground adj.地下的
underestimate v.对……估计不足
undersecretary n.副部长
vice- 副,次 vice-president n.副总统
with- 向后,相反 withdraw v.撤销,撤退
续表
2.后缀
后缀通常会改变词根的词性,使单词变为词义相近的其他词性的新词;
少数后缀还会改变词根的词义,使单词变为与原词根的词义相反的新词。
后缀 含义 示例
-able 可……的,有……(性质)的 portable adj.轻便的
stable adj.稳定的
-al ……的;表示人、物或行为 additional adj.附加的
criminal n.罪犯
-ance 表示性质、状态或动作 significance n.重要性
后缀 含义 示例
-ant 表示人或物;……的 applicant n.申请人
significant adj.重要的
-ation 表示状态、动作、过程或结果 situation n.状况;形势
generation n.一代
-ative ……的 alternative adj.选择性的
续表
后缀 含义 示例
-dom 表示状态、身份或领域 freedom n.自由
-ed ……的 surprised adj.惊奇的
-ee 表示人 employee n.雇员
-eer 表示人 engineer n.工程师
-en 使……;似……的 sharpen v.削尖
golden adj.金黄色的
续表
后缀 含义 示例
-ence 表示性质、状态或行为 silence n.安静
-ency 表示性质、状态或行为 emergency n.紧急情况
-ent ……的 different adj.不同的
-ern 表示方位 southern adj.南方的
-ess 女性,雌性 hostess n.女主人
lioness n.雌狮
续表
后缀 含义 示例
-etic ……的 energetic adj.精力充沛的
-ety 表示性质或状态 anxiety n.焦虑
-fic ……的 scientific adj.科学的
-ful 充满的,有……(性质)的 successful adj.成功的
hopeful adj.有希望的
-hood 表示性质或状态 childhood n.童年
续表
后缀 含义 示例
-ial ……的 facial adj.面部的
-ibility 可能性 possibility n.可能性
-ible 可……的 accessible adj.可进入的
-ibly ……地 terribly adv.可怕地
-ic ……的;表示人 economic adj.经济的
critic n.批评家
续表
后缀 含义 示例
-ical ……的 tropical adj.热带的
-ician 表示人 politician n.政治家
-ics 表示学科 physics n.物理学
-ile ……的 mobile adj.活动的
-ion 表示行为或状态 expression n.表达;表情
-ish 像……的;使…… selfish adj.自私的
polish v.擦亮
-ism 主义,学说 communism n.共产主义
续表
后缀 含义 示例
-ist ……主义者,从事……的人 specialist n.专科医生
socialist n.社会主义者
-ity 表示性质或状态 ability n.能力
-ive ……的 subjective adj.主观的
-ize 使…… apologize v.道歉
-less 没有……的 hopeless adj.没有希望的
-ly ……的,每……的;……地 friendly adj.友好的
carefully adv.小心地
续表
后缀 含义 示例
-ment 表示物、行为或状态 punishment n.惩罚
-ness 表示性质或状态 kindness n.仁慈
-or 表示人 educator n.教育家
-ous ……的 various adj.各种各样的
-ship 表示状态、性质或身份 friendship n.友谊
-some 令人……的 tiresome adj.令人厌烦的
-th 第……;表示性质 sixth ord.第六
warmth n.温暖,暖和
续表
后缀 含义 示例
-tic ……的 fantastic adj.美妙的
-tion 表示行为或状态 station n.车站
-tude 表示状态 altitude n.高度,高处
-ure 表示行为或状态 agriculture n.农业
-ward(s) 表示方向或方位 forward adv.向前地
-y 有……的;……的动作(过程) sunny adj.有阳光的
discovery n.发现
续表
二 转化法
在词形不变的情况下,把一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性,而
没有加任何词缀,这种构词方法称为转化法。单词转化的种类很多,但最
多的是由动词转化为名词和由名词转化为动词两大类。转化后的词义与转
化前的词义通常有密切的联系,但有时差异也很大,这就是常说的“熟词生
义”或“一词多义”。
转化方式 示例
名词 动词 attempt n.企图/v.努力 cash n.现金/v.兑现支票 circle n.圆
圈/v.盘旋 cook n.厨师/v.烹调 doubt n.怀疑/v.怀疑 face
n.脸/v.面对
guide n.导游/v.指导 hand n.手/v.递交 judge n.法官/v.判
决 look n.神色/v.看 mail n.邮件/v.邮寄 nurse n.护士/v.
护理 pile n.堆/v.堆放 pocket n.口袋/v.装进口袋 ship n.
船/v.运送 shoulder n.肩膀/v.肩负 smell n.味道/v.闻 talk
n.交谈/v.讲;说 taste n.味道/v.品尝 tutor n.家庭教师/v.
教;任课 voice n.声音/v.表达
转化方式 示例
名词 形容词 American n.美国人/adj.美国(人)的 Asian n.亚洲人
/adj.亚洲(人)的 final n.决赛/adj.最后的 light n.光线
/adj.明亮的
续表
转化方式 示例
形容词 动词 bare adj.裸露的/v.揭开 better adj.较好的/v.胜过 blind
adj.失明的/v.使失明 clean adj.干净的/v.打扫 close adj.
靠近的/v.关上 dirty adj.脏的/v.弄脏 dry adj.干的/v.使
变干 empty adj.空的/v.倒空 narrow adj.狭窄的/v.变窄
open adj.开着的/v.打开 slow adj.慢的/v.变慢 warm
adj.温暖的/v.使温暖
动词 副词/介词 near v.接近/adv./prep.在附近 round v.绕行/adv./prep.环

续表
三 合成法
合成法即由两个及以上的词合成一个词,有的用连字符“-”连接,有的
直接连写在一起,还有的由分开的两个词构成。
1.合成名词
合成方式 示例
名词+名词 birthday(生日) bookstore(书店) countryside(乡村) newspaper(报纸) sunlight(阳光)
名词+动词 daybreak(破晓) earthquake(地震)
haircut(理发)
名词+动词 -ing形式 handwriting(笔迹) sightseeing(观光) storytelling(讲故事)
名词+介词 +名词 father -in -law(岳父;公公) mother- in law(岳母;婆婆) editor -in -chief(总编辑)
合成方式 示例
动词+名词 bathroom(浴室) playground(操场) postcard(明信片)
动词+副词 breakthrough(突破) get together(聚会)
takeaway(外卖)
动词 -ing 形式+名词 reading -room (阅览室)
形容词 +名词 blackboard(黑板) greenhouse(温室) wildlife(野生生物)
续表
2.合成形容词
合成方式 示例
名词+ 名词+- ed ironhearted(铁石心肠的)
名词+动词 -ing形式 eye -catching(吸引眼球的) peace- loving(爱好和平的) time -saving(节省时间的)
合成方式 示例
名词+ 形容词 duty -free(免税的) lifelong(终生的) snow- white(雪白的) smoke- free(无烟的)
world- famous(世界闻名的) worldwide(世界范围的)
形容词+ 名词 full- time(全职的) high -class(高级的) large -scale(大规模的) long -term(长期的)
new- type(新型的) part- time(兼职的)
形容词+ 名词+- ed kind -hearted(好心的) warm- hearted(热心肠的)
续表
合成方式 示例
形容词/副词 +动词 -ing 形式 good- looking(好看的) easygoing(随和的)
everlasting(永久的) far -reaching(影响深远的) 
hard -working(勤劳的) high -ranking(职位高的)
形容词/副词 +动词- ed 形式 so -called(所谓的) well -developed(发育良好的) 
well -educated(有教养的)
形容词/副词 +形容词 evergreen(常青的) bittersweet(甜中有苦的) red -hot(炽热的)
续表
合成方式 示例
数词+名词 (+形容词) first -class(一流的) second -hand(二手的)
six -year- old (6岁的)
数词+名词 + -ed one -sided(片面的) two- legged(两条腿的)
four- footed(四脚的)
其他 face -to -face(面对面的)
waterproof(防水的)
续表
3.合成动词
合成方式 示例
名词+动词 sunbathe(晒太阳) sleepwalk(梦游) typewrite [(用打字机)打印]
形容词+ 动词 dry -clean(干洗) safeguard(保护,捍卫)
whitewash(粉刷)
4.合成副词或代词
oneself自己 myself我自己
yourself你自己 himself他自己
herself她自己 itself它自己
ourselves我们自己 yourselves你们自己
themselves他们自己 somebody某人
anybody任何人 everybody每人
nobody没有人 someone某人
anyone任何人 everyone每人
something某事(物) anything任何事(物)
everything每件事(物) nothing没有东西
another另一个
四 缩写和简写
考生可以通过剪切法、混成法和缩写法对单词进行缩写和简写。剪切
法是将单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变的方法。混成法是将两个词混合或
各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词的方法;后半部分表示主体;前半部分表示
属性。缩写法是用词组中每个单词的首字母或用原词前几个字母组成一个
新词的方法。
方式 形式 示例
剪切法 剪切掉原词 的开头 电话telephone→phone 飞机airplane→plane
剪切掉原词 的末尾 出租车taxicab→taxi 考试examination→exam 照片
photograph→photo
实验室laboratory→lab
剪切掉原词 的两端 流感influenza→flu
方式 形式 示例
混成法 两个词各取 一部分混合 在一起 早午饭breakfast+lunch→brunch 烟雾
smoke+fog→smog 新闻广播
news+broadcast→newscast
缩写法 按首字母拼 读 联合国United Nations→UN 自己动手做do-it-
yourself→DIY 不明飞行物Unidentified Flying
Object→UFO 英国广播公司British Broadcasting
Corporation→BBC
星期、月份 的缩写 Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat. Sun. Jan. Feb.
Mar. Apr. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
续表(共16张PPT)
语法精练 重实效 演练核心要点
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2025·邯郸第三次调研)In the case of the bamboo, it serves as an
emblem(象征) of modesty and mental ________(strong).
strength
解析:考查名词。空处与名词modesty并列,作介词 of的宾语,且空前有形容
词mental修饰,应使用名词形式strength,意为“力量”时,是不可数名词。
2.(2025·湖南新高考教学教研联盟一模)The cultural relics are the
product of the cultural exchanges that took place over _________
(century) on the ancient Silk Road.
centuries
解析:考查名词复数。空处作介词over的宾语;century意为“世纪”,是可数
名词,空前没有限定成分,应使用复数形式。
3.(2025·河南TOP二十名校质检)After the ___________(complete) of
the Tianwen Ⅰ mission, China will also plan a number of Tianwen series
of planetary exploration missions to explore the vastness of space.
completion
解析:考查名词。空处位于定冠词the之后,介词of之前,作介词 After 的
宾语,应使用名词形式completion,意为“完成”,是不可数名词。
4.(2025·长沙雅礼中学高三月考)She shows us through her actions that
regardless of the circumstances, as long as you have determination and
____________(persevere), you can definitely achieve success.
perseverance
解析:考查名词。空处与名词determination并列,作动词have 的宾语,应使用
名词形式perseverance,意为“毅力”,是不可数名词。
5.(2025·岳阳一模)Species are disappearing at a rate much faster than
that millions of years ago, with up to one million species on the edge of
__________(extinct).
extinction
解析:考查名词。空处作介词of的宾语,应使用名词形式。on the edge of
extinction 意为“濒临灭绝”,为固定短语。
6.(2025·宁波十校二模)The Siberian tiger is the largest of all tigers. An
adult male can grow up to 2.9 meters in _______(long) and weigh as
much as 300 kilograms.
length
解析:考查名词。空处作介词in的宾语,应使用名词形式。in length 意为
“在长度上”,为固定用法。
7.(2025·长沙雅礼中学高三月考)Among the Han people, which make
up a vast majority of ________(China) total population, the passage
into adulthood is no longer celebrated, except in those very traditional
families.
China's
解析:考查名词所有格。此处表示“中国的人口总数”,空处与population构
成所属关系,应使用名词所有格。
8.They were widely read by people and contained philosophical ideas,
history and viewpoints about human society that defined part of the
worldviews of the scholar and the _________(politics), which had a
significant effect on the development of Chinese societies in past eras.
politician
解析:考查名词。空处与名词scholar(学者)并列,作介词of的宾语,表示人,
意为“从政者”,应用 politician。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·福建质检)The Analects of Confucius or The Analects
(《论语》) is a collection of the sayings and teachings of Confucius
and his disciples (追随者).It 1.___________ (edit) in the early
Warring States Period, from the notes that his disciples took according
to the answers 2.___ their questions.
Today's The Analects is based on the Lu version compiled during the
Han Dynasty and embodies 3.____ Confucian concept of ren or humanity
or benevolence. Ren is rich in content, and varied in form.
was edited
to
the
The core of the concept is “The benevolent love of others” or
universal love,4._______ is the basic virtue of a gentleman of noble
character. Confucius believed that being benevolent does not mean
5.______ (be) without principles. One should be clear about what
6.________ (love) or hate. Ren comes from learning and self-
cultivation:It can be seen from a person's appearance. To be sure, li or
rites and yue or music are important. 7._________, ren is the No.1
principle of being a decent man. It is 8.________ (actual) the essence
of li and yue. Without ren, li or yue would be 9.____________
(meaning).
which
being
to love
However
actually
meaningless
Apart from ren, Confucius put forward another concept, which is yi
or righteousness. Yi is the code of conduct under the 10._________
(guide) of ren. “The virtuous man cherishes a respect for the law,
while the vile (邪恶的) man cherishes generous treatment.”
guidance
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《论语》的核心理念。
1.___________
was edited
解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓
语,主语It指代上文提到的The Analects,为单数概念;与谓语动词edit之间
是被动关系,且此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时的被动语态,
主语It为第三人称单数,谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。
2.___
to
解析:考查介词。“answer to...”意为“……的答案”,是固定搭配。
3.____
the
解析:考查冠词。分析句子结构可知,设空处修饰Confucian concept,表
示特指,应用定冠词修饰。
4._______
which
解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,
指代“The benevolent love of others” or universal love,指物,且在从句
中作主语,应用关系代词which。
5.______
being
解析:考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知,mean在此处表示“意味着”,mean
doing sth.为固定搭配,表示“意味着做某事”。
6.________
to love
解析:考查非谓语动词。根据or后的动词原形hate可知,此处为“特殊疑问
词+动词不定式”作介词about的宾语。
7._________
However
解析:考查副词。根据句意可知,此处与上文之间为转折关系,且有逗号
隔开,应用副词however。单词位于句首,首字母应大写。
8.________
actually
解析:考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰系动词is,应用副词。
9.____________
meaningless
解析:考查形容词。空处作表语,应用形容词;根据句意可知,此处表示
“无意义的”。
10._________
guidance
解析:考查名词。根据空前的the和空后的of可知,空处应用名词;under
the guidance of为固定搭配,意为“在……的指导下”。(共17张PPT)
语法精练 重实效 演练核心要点
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2025·苏州二模)I was __________(incredible) fortunate to journey
through the cities of Suzhou and Nanjing, both of which left me
fascinated with their true impressiveness and eagerly longing to explore
further.
incredibly
解析:考查副词。空处修饰形容词fortunate,应用副词形式。
2.(2025·承德4月二模)The Chinese character “zhen”, meaning “vitalize”,
was named the nation's most popular character related to domestic affairs
this year, while the character “wei”, meaning “risk” or “crisis”, was
chosen as the _______(hot) for international topics.
hottest
解析:考查形容词最高级。根据上文的most popular和空前的the并结合句
意可知,空处应用形容词的最高级形式。
3.(2025·山东省实验中学二诊)Although some medical professionals are
_________(doubt) about the far-reaching effects of TCM, the practice
has been accepted as a fundamental aspect of global healthcare.
doubtful
解析:考查形容词。根据空前的be动词are和空后的介词about可知,空处应
用形容词形式。be doubtful about为固定搭配,意为“对……持怀疑态度”。
4.(2025·福州华侨中学高三期中)Martin Strel swims with a knife
fastened to his right leg—in case he meets sharks and other _______
(dead) sea life in the world's wildest waters.
deadly
解析:考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,空处作定语,修饰名词短语sea life,
应用形容词形式,deadly意为“致命的”。
5.(2025·西安铁一中学高三期中)_________(basic), a tip may be
provided, such as indicating whether the answer is a person, a place, or a
thing.
Basically
解析:考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处作状语,修饰整个句子,表示“大
体上、总的来说”,应用副词形式。单词位于句首,首字母应大写。
6.(2025·福建四校联考)Generally speaking,if a Chinese character has
two or more forms, the one with ______(many) strokes (笔画) is
called a complex character,while the one with fewer strokes is called a
simplified character.
more
解析:考查比较等级。分析句子结构可知,while连接并列分句,根据后一
分句中的fewer strokes可知,空处应用比较级形式。
7.(2025·铜川二模)Also, it is popularly believed that the higher the toss,
the ______(good) your prospects and fortune in the year ahead.
better
解析:考查比较等级。分析句子结构可知,此处为“the+比较级...,the+
比较级...”结构,表示“抛得越高,你来年的运势就越好”,空处应用比较级形
式。
8.(2025·邯郸第三次调研)40% of all known bamboo species in the
world are grown in China, so it's not ___________(astonish) that
China grows more bamboo than any other country in the world.
astonishing
解析:考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,it作形式主语,that引导的从句作真
正的主语。空处作表语,意为“令人惊讶的”,应用astonishing。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·皖南八校第二次联考)Anhui Province, an ancient and
beautiful region, began to prosper during the Tang and Song dynasties. In
the times 1.______ the Grand Canal, a UNESCO World Heritage site,
directly connected Beijing in the north and Hangzhou in the south, Anhui
traders 2._______ (fan) out across China. That's why Anhui food is
now among China's eight great cuisines.
when
fanned
Anhui cuisine offers plenty of other options and many dishes have
interesting stories, for example,chouguiyu. It is said that a certain
businessman had made 3.___ fortune in Hangzhou, where he had first
tasted a kind of fish that was sweet, fresh and had few tiny bones. He
4.____________ (immediate) thought of his elderly parents. He bought
some for them. However, the long journey took its toll (损坏) on the
fish and when he finally reached home, they were all 5._______
(smell). His mother, an economical woman, decided to cook the fish
nevertheless. To everyone's surprise, the fish smelled bad 6._______ tasted
very good. These days, Anhui 7.______ (chef) deliberately allow the
fish to reach certain ripeness before cooking it.
a
immediately
smelly
but/yet
chefs
Anhui cuisine 8._______________ (characterize) by its heavy use
of oil,deeply flavored sauces, and superior stock. The main cooking
style is to braise (炖) or roast. Its chefs specialize 9.___ ingredients
available locally, such as fish,pigeons, bamboo shoots, etc. Anhui folk
also like to salt the ham, which goes into the pot with chicken and duck
to produce very deeply flavored soups. A popular dish is salted meat on
a bed of bamboo shoots 10.________ (steam) on a wooden cutting
board. Unlike some other regional cuisines, this is one cooking style that
is very heavy on animal protein and relatively light on the greens.
is characterized
in
steamed
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了安徽美食的历史、特色等。
1.______
when
解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行
词the times,在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when。
2._______
fanned
解析:考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,空处作句子的谓语;根据“In
the times...”可知,时态应用一般过去时。
3.___
a
解析:考查冠词。make a fortune为固定搭配,意为“发财”,空处应用不定
冠词a。
4.____________
immediately
解析:考查副词。空处修饰动词短语thought of,应用副词形式。
5._______
smelly
解析:考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,空处作表语,应用形容词形式
smelly,意为“有臭味的”。
6._______
but/yet
解析:考查连词。根据语境可知,空处前后为转折关系,应用表示转折的
连词but或yet。
7.______
chefs
解析:考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知,空处作主语,应用名词形式;
根据谓语动词allow及语境可知,应用名词复数形式。
8._______________
is characterized
解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓
语;此处叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时;characterize和主语之间为被动
关系,应用被动语态;主语Anhui cuisine为单数,be动词应用第三人称单
数形式。
9.___
in
解析:考查介词。“specialize in...”意为“专门……”,为固定搭配。
10.________
steamed
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作后置定语;被修饰词
a bed of bamboo shoots和动词steam之间为被动关系,空处应用过去分词
形式。(共16张PPT)
语法精练 重实效 演练核心要点
Ⅰ.根据提示写出所给单词的正确形式
1.With plenty of resources easily __________ (access) and __________
(flexible) to learn at your own pace, online learning is definitely a
perfect addition to the traditional education.
accessible
flexibility
2.The ___________ of practicing calligraphy cannot be overemphasized.
Feeling the peace while writing, one can ____________ improve their
handwriting and even their artistic abilities. (significant)
significance
significantly
3.The Chinese classical novel A Dream of Red Mansions has been
adapted for several TV series but the ___________ (adapt) lose some
of its original beauty because the actors and _________ (act) who
have adapted to modern life can't really get accustomed to the traditional
way of life in ancient times.
adaptations
actresses
4.I'm writing to express my ____________ (appreciate) to you for your
support and ______________(encourage). I have appreciated that
reading foreign literature in the original is of vital ___________
(important) to my English.
appreciation
encouragement
importance
5.She carefully gathered her __________(belong) and placed them
inside a small bag. With a heavy heart, she turned her back on the
familiar ____________ (surround)and embarked on a journey into the
unknown.
belongings
surroundings
6.The origin of this painting is still a mystery. __________ (origin),
researchers thought it was an ________ (origin) creation by a famous
artist, but _________ (current) it has turned out to be a fake.
Originally
original
currently
Ⅱ.利用三大构词法猜测下列加黑词的词性及含义
1.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ改编)The reasons relate to a variety of factors,
including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a
tendency to multitask while a person is consuming digital content.
_____________
v.多任务运行
2.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Travel promotes understanding, expands our
minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and
communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in
certain regions and destinations. ___________
n.过度旅游
3.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)I've been motivated—and demotivated—by
other folks' achievements all my life. _________________________
v.使失去动力,使变得消极
4.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)After harvest, users simply replace the plants
with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle
started. _____________
adj.预播种的
5.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Of course, these days there are plenty of online
dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard
cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. __________________
____
v. 翻阅(书页、纸张)
6.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)In the race to document the species on Earth
before they go extinct, researches and citizen scientists have collected
billions of records. ______________
v. 记录;记载
7.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)However, most produce at the store went
through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching
the table.________________
n. 产品,农产品
8.(2023 ·全国乙卷)If you want to tell the history of the whole world,
a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it
through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts,
while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. _______________
______
v.给予特权,特别优待
9.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Visit during off-peak times. _______________
adj.非高峰期的
10.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Inside the office, they encourage recycling and
waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.
_____________
adj.一次性的
11.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Walking at night-time is a great way to step
out of your comfort zone. _____________
n.夜间,夜晚
12.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)She says it is essential that we keep control
of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
_______________________________
v.使靠边;把……排除在核心之外
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025 ·山东省实验中学调研)The site of Changgan ancient city,
unearthed in Xijie site of east China's Nanjing City, has been confirmed
to date back to 3,100 years ago,1.__________ (extend) Nanjing's
history by more than 600 years, Nanjing institute of archaeology said.
The site of the ancient city, named “Changgan”, the 2._______
(early) known name of the city of Nanjing, features relics of a
platform, ring ditches, walls, doorways and sacrificial pits.
extending
earliest
During the excavations that began in 2017, archaeologists
3.__________ (unearth) four ring ditches from the Shang and Zhou
dynasties (1600 BCE.-256 BCE.), containing collapsed rammed-earth
walls, said Chen Dahai, 4.____ archaeologist with the institute, who was
responsible for the excavation.
“We also found more evidence supporting our 5.__________
(conclude), including a well on the side of the ditch 6.__________
was originally constructed during the late Shang Dynasty and the
unearthed pottery 7._________ (decorate) with triangular and ladder
patterns,” Chen added.
unearthed
an
conclusion
that/which
decorated
According to carbon-14 dating data, it is identified that the various
artifacts date back to the period ranging from the late Shang Dynasty
8.___ the early Zhou Dynasty.
Up to now, the excavation area at the Xijie site has reached
9._____________ (approximate) 12,000 square meters, with more than
500 relics of various types 10._____ over 10,000 specimens (样本)
of archaeological importance unearthed.
to
approximately
and
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了南京“长干古城”的发现。
1.__________
extending
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动词。主语
The site of Changgan ancient city与动词extend之间是主谓关系,空处应用
extend的现在分词形式。
2._______
earliest
解析:考查形容词的比较等级。根据空前的the和句意可知,空处应用形容
词的最高级形式earliest修饰名词name。
3.__________
unearthed
解析:考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“During the excavations that began
in 2017”可知,此处时态为一般过去时,动词应用过去式。
4.____
an
解析:考查冠词。此处泛指“一位考古学家”,且archaeologist是发音以元音
音素开头的单词,其前应用an。
5.__________
conclusion
解析:考查词性转换。根据空前的代词our可知,空处应用名词conclusion。
6.__________
that/which
解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是
a well,指物,从句中缺少主语,应用关系代词 that 或which 引导该从句。
7._________
decorated
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,动词decorate与其逻辑主语
the unearthed pottery之间构成被动关系,应用过去分词形式。
8.___
to
解析:考查固定搭配。“range from...to...”意为“范围从……到……”。
9._____________
approximately
解析:考查词性转换。空处应用副词approximately修饰谓语动词has
reached。
10._____
and
解析:考查连词。分析句子结构可知,空前的“more than 500 relics of
various types”和空后的“over 10,000 specimens”是并列关系,应用and 连
接。(共40张PPT)
画龙点晴 冠词、代词、介词(短语)和数词篇
第一讲 冠词
核心考点 语法填 空考频 命题预测
定冠词 5年8考 该考点考查频次较高,未来依然是命题的热点。考生要
掌握定冠词表特指的基本用法和它构成的常见固定搭
配,进而高效、准确地破解定冠词的相关题目
不定冠词 5年4考 该考点是高考的稳定考点。未来在考查形式和考查情
境上很可能有创新,也难免会考查特殊用法。考生在备
考过程中,不仅要熟练掌握不定冠词表泛指的基本用
法,还要掌握一些熟词采用生义时与不定冠词的搭配以
及抽象名词具体化时与不定冠词连用的用法
1
考点一 不定冠词
2
考点二 定冠词
PART
01
考点一 不定冠词
1.(2023 ·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The meat should be fresh with ___ touch of
sweetness,and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.
a
解析:考查冠词。a touch of意为“少许、微量”,为固定搭配,空处应用不
定冠词a。
2.(2022 ·全国甲卷)___friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his
companion during the trip.
A
解析:考查冠词。根据句意可知,此处泛指“他的一个朋友”,且friend的发
音以辅音音素开头,空处应用不定冠词a。单词位于句首,首字母应大写。
3.(2021 ·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is
___ must to visit!
a
解析:考查冠词。must作名词时,意为“必不可少的事物”,为可数名词;
根据句意可知,此处泛指“一个必须参观的地方”,且must的发音以辅音音
素开头,空处应用不定冠词a。
4.(2020 ·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Each volume in the set explores ___wide
range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of
digital systems, and discusses the influences they have on everyday life.
a
解析:考查冠词。a range of意为“各种各样的”,为固定搭配,且wide的发
音以辅音音素开头,空处应用不定冠词a。
a用于以辅音音素(而不是辅音字母)开头的单词前;an用于以元音音
素(而不是元音字母)开头的单词前。
要点一
不定冠词的用法
用法 例句
用于第一次出现的单 数可数名词前,泛指某 人或某事物 *Life is like an ocean; only the strong-willed
can reach the other shore. 生活就像一片海洋,只
有意志坚定的人才能到达彼岸。
泛指一类人或一类事 物 *A teacher is the person who leads students to
a better future.
老师是带领学生走向更加美好的未来的人。
表示“相同的”,相当于 the same *They are of an age. 他们的年龄一样大。
用法 例句
用于某些专有名词前, 表示“某一个、类 似……的一个”,相当 于a certain或one like *Little Tom is an Edison. He likes to invent
things.
小汤姆真像个爱迪生,他喜欢发明东西。
续表
用法 例句
用于不可数名词(knowledge、 collection、understanding等) +of短语前。如have a knowledge of...(了解……)、 have a good understanding of... (对……有很好的了解)等 *Wang Shu's works show a deep
understanding of modern architecture
and a good knowledge of tradition.
王澍的作品展现出他对现代建筑的深刻
理解和对传统的充分了解。
续表
用法 例句
用于某些表示特性、 状态、情感、情绪等 的抽象名词前,表示具 体化(如danger、 failure、pity、 pleasure、success、 surprise等) *Reading that book was a pleasure; the
storytelling was captivating and the characters
were well-developed.
读那本书是一件愉快的事情;故事讲述引人入
胜,角色塑造丰满。
续表
用法 例句
用在序数词前,表示“又 一、再一” *In order to find a better job, he decided to
study a second foreign language. 为了找到一份
更好的工作,他决定再学一门外语。
续表
要点二
不定冠词常见的固定搭配
all of a sudden 突然
for a time 一阵子
for a while 暂时,一会儿
in a hurry 匆忙
in a moment 立即
once in a while 偶尔
as a matter of fact 事实上
as a result 结果
as a whole 总的来说
at a loss 不知所措,困惑
become a reality 成为现实
do sb. a favor 帮某人
get a word in 插嘴
in a word 总而言之
keep a diary 写日记
keep an eye on 照看,留神
make a choice 做出选择
make a difference 起作用
make a face 做鬼脸
make a living 谋生
make an apology 道歉
make an effort 努力
on a diet 节食
pay a visit 拜访
tell a lie 说谎
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(译林选必二 U1) We absorb these marketing messages without
thinking about them too much, yet they will probably have ____ effect
on us the next time we go shopping.
an
解析:考查冠词。“have an effect on...”为固定短语,意为“对……有影
响”,空处应用不定冠词an。
2.(北师大选必二U6)CGI(Computer Generated Image) technology has
had a huge impact on the film industry. It allowed the previously
unfilmable to become ___ reality.
a
解析:考查冠词。句中reality的发音以辅音音素开头,空处应用不定冠词a,
become a reality意为“成为现实”。
3.(人教选必一U1)Tu Youyou, ___ committed and patient scientist, was
born in Ningbo, China,on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking
University Medical School in 1955.
a
解析:考查冠词。committed and patient scientist 作 Tu Youyou 的同位语,
泛指“一位尽职尽责、耐心的科学家”,且 committed的发音以辅音音素开
头,空处应用不定冠词a。
PART
02
考点二 定冠词
1.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the
greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk
Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for
____ first time.
the
解析:考查冠词。序数词表示“第几”时,其前常加定冠词。for the first
time是固定搭配,意为“第一次”。
2.(2023 ·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Not the pandas, even though ____ language
used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
the
解析:考查冠词。空后为可数名词单数language,因此空处考虑使用冠词
起限定作用;根据language后的used for the medical training instructions可
知,此处表示特指,空处应用定冠词the。
3.(2022 ·全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea
Day, which was named officially by the United Nations on November
27th, 2019. To celebrate ____ festival, a number of events took place at
the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
the
解析:考查冠词。根据语境可知,此处特指International Tea Day这一节日,
空处应用定冠词the。
4.(2022 ·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)_____ Brown family live in an apartment
building outside Toronto.
The
解析:考查冠词。“定冠词+姓氏+family”表示“……一家人”。单词位于句
首,首字母应大写。
5.(2021 ·全国甲卷)It took us about 3 hours to go all ____ way
around the Xi'an City Wall.
the
解析:考查冠词。all the way为固定搭配,意为“一路上;自始至终;完全
地”。
要点一
定冠词的用法
用法 例句
用于上文已提及的人 或事物前,说话双方所 熟悉的人或事物前, 或被限制性修饰语所 限定的人或事物前 *(人教必修一 U2)To me, the story of the
Terracotta Army is almost unbelievable.
对我来说,兵马俑的故事简直令人难以置信。
用法 例句
用于独一无二的事物 或表示发明创造的名 词前(其前有修饰词 时,常用不定冠词表类 指或不同状貌) *It was a cold winter night and the moon was
shining brightly across a night sky.
那是一个寒冷的冬夜,夜空中的月亮明亮耀眼。
续表
用法 例句
用于单数可数名词、 形容词或分词前,表示 一类人或事物 *The true, the good and the beautiful would not
exist without the false, the evil and the ugly.
真善美总是与假恶丑并存。
用于姓氏复数形式前, 表示一家人或夫妇两 人 *The Greens are watching TV now.
格林一家现在正在看电视。
续表
用法 例句
用于表示西方乐器的 名词前 *As far as I know,he likes playing the piano,
but doesn't like playing football.
据我所知,他喜欢弹钢琴,却不喜欢踢足球。
用于序数词、形容词 或副词的比较级或最 高级以及有only、 same、next、last等修 饰的名词前 *As is known to all, China is the biggest
developing country in the world.
众所周知,中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
续表
用法 例句
用于表示江、河、 湖、海、山脉、群岛 以及由普通名词构成 的表示组织机构、学 校、建筑、团体、报 纸、杂志等的专有名 词前 the Yangtze River长江
the Atlantic Ocean大西洋
the English Channel英吉利海峡
the South Pole南极
the British Museum大英博物馆
the World Health Organization世界卫生组织
续表
用法 例句
用于年代、朝代以及 逢十的数词复数形式 前 *(人教选必三 U5)English speakers also enjoy
poems from China, those from the Tang Dynasty
in particular.
讲英语的人也喜欢中国的诗歌,尤其是唐朝的诗歌。
用于“by+the+计量单 位”结构 *Part-time jobs are usually paid by the hour.
兼职工作通常按小时付工资。
续表
用法 例句
用于“动词+sb.+介词 +the+身体部位名词” 结构 take sb. by the arm
抓住某人的手臂
pat sb. on the shoulder
拍某人的肩
strike sb. in the face
打某人的脸
hit sb. on the head
击中某人的头
pull sb. by the hand
拉某人的手
续表
要点二
定冠词常见的固定搭配
around the corner 即将发生
at the sight of 一看见
at the beginning of 在……开始时
at the moment 此刻
at the same time 同时
by the way 顺便说一下
do the trick 奏效,起作用
for the time being 暂时
in the end 最后,最终
in the distance 在远处
in the habit of doing sth. 有做某事的习惯
in the long run 从长远来看
in the way 妨碍,挡道
make the most/best of 充分利用
on the air 正在播送
on the contrary 相反
on the decrease 在减少中
on the other hand 另一方面
on the spot 当场
on the whole 总之;大体上
the other day 不久前的一天
to the point 切题
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(外研选必一 U6)It was actually a very clever means to highlight the
importance of the Great Barrier Reef and ____ need to protect it.
the
解析:考查冠词。此处特指保护大堡礁的迫切需求,空处应用定冠词 the。
2.(北师大选必二U5)Anne was a teacher and former student at a school
for ____ blind in Boston.
the
解析:考查冠词。“the+形容词”表示一类人。
3.(外研必修二U3) As a computer engineer, there's always a new
challenge just around ____ corner!
the
解析:考查冠词。around the corner为固定搭配,意为“即将发生”。(共30张PPT)
第三讲 情态动词和虚拟语气
1
考点一 情态动词
2
考点二 虚拟语气
PART
01
考点一 情态动词
(2024·浙江卷1月)However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a
pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes
__________(offer) in smaller packs.
be offered
解析:考查情态动词和被动语态。根据句意可知,they代指sausages,与offer
之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;且情态动词could后接动词原形,应用be
offered。
要点一
常考情态动词的基本用法
情态动词本身有词义,但是没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有时态的
变化,但是不能独立作谓语。
情态动词 基本用法
can 表示能力
表示请求、许可
表示可能性
could can的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力
在疑问句中,表示委婉请求的语气,此时could不是过去式
情态动词 基本用法
may 表示请求、许可
表示希望、祈求、祝愿,意为“祝愿”。通常是用
“May+sb./sth.+动词原形.”结构
must 表示主观看法,意为“必须”
must开头的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为
“needn't”或“don't have to”
mustn't表示“禁止、不许”
续表
情态动词 基本用法
need 表示需要,主要用于否定句和疑问句中
还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化
dare 表示敢于,多用于否定句和疑问句中
还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化
shall 表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称的疑问句中)
用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,带有警告、命令、要求、
允诺等感彩
should 意为“应该”,也可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等
will 表示意愿、意志、打算
续表
【名师点津】 情态动词的特殊用法
(1)can/could的否定式与比较级连用表示最高级;
(2)can/could的否定式与enough或too (much)连用意为“再……也不为
过”;
(3)must可意为“偏要、硬要”,常用于疑问句或条件状语从句中;
(4)“may/might as well+动词原形”意为“最好;不妨”;
(5)would表示过去的习惯,与used to相比,前者常表示过去反复的动作,
与现在无关,后者常表示过去的状态或习惯现在已不复存在;
(6)should有时表示说话人对某事感到意外、惊奇,意为“竟然会”。
要点二
情态动词表示推测
情态动词表示推测基本集中在must、may、might、can和could的用法
上。对现在和将来的推测用“情态动词+do”;对正在发生的动作的推测用
“情态动词+be doing”;对过去的推测用“情态动词+have done”。
结构 含义 示例
must have done 一定做过某 事 (肯定句) *Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He
must have practised many times last week.
保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上周一定练习
了很多次。
结构 含义 示例
can/coul d not have done 不可能做了 *I saw Mr. Li just now. He can't have gone
to Beijing.
我刚才看见李先生了。他不可能去了北京。
could have done 本来能够做 但却未做 (肯定句) *You could have done better, but you were
too careless.
你本可以做得更好的,但你太粗心了。
续表
结构 含义 示例
may/mig ht have done 也行/或许已 经做了 *It's too late. I think he may have gone to
bed. 太晚了,我想他可能已经上床睡觉了。
should have done 本来应该做 但实际上未 做 *Yesterday was the deadline, and he should
have completed his work.
昨天是最后期限,他本该完成工作的。
续表
结构 含义 示例
shouldn't have done 本来不应该 做而实际上 做了 *Tom shouldn't have told me your secret. 汤
姆本不该把你的秘密告诉我的。
needn't have done 本来没必要 做却做了 *You needn't have taken a taxi here, for it is
very near to my house. 你本来不必打车来这里
的,因为这里离我家很近。
续表
【即时演练】——选择适当的情态动词填空
1.Whatever your field _____(may/must) be, it's very important to create
a good habit to read beyond your horizons.
2.If you ______(need/must) have a cigarette, choose a seat in the first
row of the smoking section.
may
must
3.According to a released regulation on online video services, no one
_____(shall/will) generate, release or spread fake news or information
by using technology.
shall
4.There are over 50,000 signs in modern Chinese. But luckily, Chinese
children _____(can/need) not learn all of them for everyday purpose.
5.When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we _______
(would/used to) go to the cinema together every weekends.
need
would
6.—I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
—Well, you never know! You ______(might/must) have made a better
impression than you think.
might
PART
02
考点二 虚拟语气
要点一
if条件句中的虚拟语气
类型 从句中谓语动词的形式 主句中谓语动词的形式
与现在事实 相反 动词的过去式(be的过去式用 were) should/would/could/might+动
词原形
与过去事实 相反 had+过去分词 should/would/could/might+have
+过去分词
与将来事实 相反 should/were to+动词原形;动 词的过去式 should/would/could/might+动
词原形
*If David improved his IT skills, he would easily get a job. 如果大卫
提高了他的IT 技能,就能很容易找到一份工作。(与现在事实相反)
*If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exams.
如果你再努力一点,你就会通过考试了。(与过去事实相反)
*If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, the football match
would be put off.
要是明天下雨,足球赛就延期举行。(与将来事实相反)
要点二
错综时间虚拟条件句
当条件状语从句和主句表示的动作或行为发生的时间不一致时,动词
的形式要根据它所表示的时间来确定。
*If you had gone hiking yesterday, you would be tired today.
如果你昨天去远足的话,今天你就会很疲惫。(从句与过去的情况相反,主
句与现在的情况相反)
*If you did some sports now, you would be healthy in the future. 如果
你现在做一些运动,你将来就会很健康。(从句与现在的情况相反,主句与
将来的情况相反)
要点三
省略if的条件句
在if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中,当谓语动词含有had、were、should
时,可以把if省略,将had、were、should提到句首,变为倒装句。
*Had you (=If you had) come earlier, you would have caught the
early bus.
如果你早点来,就能赶上早班车了。
*Were I (=If I were) in your position, I wouldn't do that silly thing.
如果我处于你的位置,我就不会做那件傻事。
*Should it rain (=If it should rain), I would stay at home. 如果下
雨,我就待在家里。
要点四
含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况不用条件句表达,而是用介词(短语)
(but for/without等)、副词(otherwise)或连词(but/or)来表示。
*We were delayed at the airport. Otherwise we would have been here
by lunch time.
我们在机场被耽搁了,否则我们午饭时间就到这里了。
*Without/But for (=If it hadn't been for) your generous help, I
couldn't have gone through that bitter period. 如果没有你慷慨相助的话,
我不可能熬过那段艰苦的日子。
要点五
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
1.用于主语从句
在It is/was important/necessary/possible/essential/
natural/strange/suggested/ordered/advised/requested/demanded/...that...等主语
从句中,从句谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。
*It is necessary that we (should) master at least one foreign
language. 我们有必要至少掌握一门外语。
2.用于宾语从句
类型 用法
表示“要求、命 令、建议、请求” 等动词后的宾语 从句中 在insist、urge、order、command、require、demand、
request、suggest、advise、propose、recommend等引导
的宾语从句中的谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”
类型 用法
wish后的宾语从 句中 与现在事实相反,从句谓语动词用一般过去时;与过
去事实相反,从句谓语动词用过去完成时;与将来事
实相反,从句谓语动词用“could/might/would+动词原
形”
would rather后的 宾语从句中 与现在或将来事实相反,从句谓语动词用一般过去
时;与过去事实相反,从句谓语动用过去完成时
续表
3.用于表语从句和同位语从句
句子主语是suggestion、advice、proposal等表示“决定、主张、要求、
建议、命令”的名词时,that引导的表语从句中,谓语动词用“(should+)
动词原形”;在以上名词后由that引导的同位语从句中,谓语动词也用
“(should+)动词原形”。
*My suggestion is that we (should) try to cut back on production
and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.
我的建议是我们应该尽力缩减产量,减少我们制造和购买的东西的数量。
*He agreed with my suggestion that we (should) change the date of
the meeting.
他同意了我提出的更改会议日期的建议。
要点六
特定句式中的虚拟语气
句型结构 对过去 的虚拟 对现在的虚拟 对将来的虚拟
if only引导的条件句 had+过 去分词 过去式 (be动词用 were) would/could/should/m
ight+动词原形
as if/though引导的表语从 句及方式状语从句 had+过 去分词 过去式 (be动词用 were) would/could/should/m
ight+动词原形
It is (high)time (that)... 从句中谓语动词用动词过去式或“should+动词 原形”,should不能省略
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.If I _____(have) a chance to live my life again,I would go to
university because I had a dream to become an engineer when I was
young.
had
解析:考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知,此处表示“如果有机会再活一次,我会
去上大学……”,为if条件句中的虚拟语气,与现在事实相反,应用一般过去时。
2.At the routine office meeting, the headmaster insisted the problems
referred to __________________(pay) a special attention to.
(should) be paid
解析:考查虚拟语气。insist 意为“坚持要求”时,其引导的宾语从句应用
虚拟语气(should) do;且宾语从句的主语the problems 和pay之间是被
动关系,应用被动语态。
3.I wish I ____________(attend) the meeting yesterday so that I didn't
have to make it up later.
had attended
解析:考查虚拟语气。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气;再根据时间状语
yesterday可知,此处是对过去情况的虚拟,应用“had+过去分词”。
4.The firefighters failed to save the dog's owner because if
they___________(walk) onto the mud, they would have sunk, too.
had walked
解析:考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知,此处是if条件句中的虚拟语气;与过
去的事实相反,应用过去完成时。(共42张PPT)
擎天柱石 名词、形容词和副词篇
第一讲 名 词
核心考点 考频 命题预测
名词的构词 5年 15考 该考点区分度较高,是考生易失分的考点,预计未来高
考仍将继续考查该考点,这就要求考生能够准确判断空
处所填词在句子中所充当的成分,同时掌握相应的构词
知识
名词的复数 形式 5年 10考 该考点是历年高考的稳定考点。题目难度很可能会因
考查形式和考查情境的创新而有所提高。预计未来高
考会采用创新形式考查该考点。考生在备考过程中,要
熟练掌握名词复数形式的各类情境
1
考点一 可数名词的数
2
考点二 名词的所有格和名词作定语
3
考点三 名词的词形转换
4
高分策略 精思维 解题势如破竹
PART
01
考点一 可数名词的数
1.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)These plants included modern Western
__________(favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
favourites
解析:考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知,空处作动词included的宾语,前
面的modern Western为定语,所以此处应填名词;根据空后的“such as
rosemary,lavender and fennel”可知,空处表示复数概念,应用名词复数。
2.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Although they could never have met, there are
common _______ (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head
of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
themes
解析:考查名词复数。根据空前的there are可知,此处应用名词复数。
3.(2024·全国甲卷)They are _________(treasure) of American
heritage (遗产).
treasures
解析:考查名词复数。根据空前的are和空后的of可知,空处应用名词复数,
表示它们是美国遗产中的珍宝。
要点一
可数名词复数的变化规则
1.规则变化
情况 构成 示例
一般情况 加-s acquaintance→acquaintances display→displays
以-s、-x、- ch、-sh等 结尾的词 加-es approach→approaches
crash→crashes
virus→viruses box→boxes
例外 stomach→stomachs
情况 构成 示例
以辅音字母加 -y结尾的词 将y变为i加-es discovery→discoveries
facility→facilities
以-o结尾的词 加-s studio→studios
加-es hero→heroes potato→potatoes
tomato→tomatoes
加-s或-es均可 motto→mottos/mottoes
volcano→volcanos/volcanoes
续表
情况 构成 示例
以-f或-fe结 尾的词 将f或fe变 为v加-es knife→knives thief→thieves
wolf→wolves
加-s gulf→gulfs cliff→cliffs
roof→roofs chief→chiefs
belief→beliefs proof→proofs
续表
2.不规则变化
变化方式 示例
单复数同形 deer、sheep、means、aircraft、works(工厂)、series、
species、head头(表示牲畜的头数) 、Chinese、
Japanese、Swiss
变内部元音 foot→feet tooth→teeth goose→geese man→men
woman→women
词尾加-ren/-en child→children ox→oxen
特殊名词变化 crisis→crises analysis→analyses criterion→criteria
phenomenon→
phenomena
3.复合名词的复数变化规则
形式 变化规则 示例
有主体名词 将主体名词变为复数 passer-by→passers-by
editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief
无主体名词 在最后加-s grown-up→grown-ups
go-between→go-betweens
含 man/woman 若man/woman在词尾,把 man/woman变成复数 firewoman→firewomen
若man/woman前置,各组 成部分皆变为复数 man doctor→men doctors
4.复数形式有特殊意义的名词
单数形式 复数形式 单数形式 复数形式
arm(胳膊) arms(武器) paper(纸) papers(文件;
报纸;试卷)
custom (习俗) customs (海关) spirit(精神) spirits(情绪)
good(好处) goods(商品,货品) water(水) waters(水域)
manner (方式;态度) Manners (礼貌,礼仪) wood(木材) woods(树林)
要点二
不可数名词
1.常考的不可数名词:advice(建议)、baggage/luggage(行李)、change
(零钱)、equipment(设备)、fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、health
(健康)、information(信息)、jewellery(珠宝)、luck(运气)、
music(音乐)、news(新闻)、progress(进步)、weather(天气)、
work(工作)。
2.不可数名词一般不能用数来计算,既没有单复数变化,也不能和a/an连用。
如果要表达数量的多少,常与表示数量的名词或限定词连用,即“表示数量的
词+单位词+of+不可数名词” ,如a loaf of bread(一条面包)、two
pieces of advice(两条建议)等。
3.不可数名词的转化
情况 示例
物质名词表示数量、种类、份数等时,可转化为可数名词 fish(鱼)→all kinds of fishes(各种各样的鱼)
rain(雨)→a rain(一场雨)
抽象名词表示具体的人或事物时,可转化为可数名词 success(成功)→a success(一个成功的人或一件成功的事)
surprise(惊讶)→a surprise(一件令人惊讶的事)
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(人教必修三 U1)Festivals are an important part of society. They
reflect people's wishes,_______(belief), faiths, and attitudes towards
life.
beliefs
解析:考查名词复数。此处表示“人类的信仰”,应使用复数形式。
2.(北师大选必一 U1)I can't even imagine going without social
networking for a week—think of all the important appointments,
invitations and news________(update) you would miss!
updates
解析:考查名词复数。update意为“最新消息”时,是可数名词。根据 all可知,
此处应使用复数形式。
3.(译林选必二 U1)It is advisable to remember that journalists may
have different _________(priority),which would influence how they
report an event.
priorities
解析:考查名词复数。根据different可知,记者有不同的优先权,应使用复数
形式。
PART
02
考点二 名词的所有格和名词作
定语
(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Since June 2017, right before the _______
(arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have
been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and
confident speaking English.
arrival
解析:考查名词。分析句子结构可知,空处作介词before的宾语,其前为
定冠词the,其后of the two new pandas对其进行限定,空处应用名词形式,
构成of所有格。
要点一
名词所有格
1.-'s所有格
表示有生命的东西或时间、空间、距离、价格、重量等名词的所有格。
情况 构成 示例
单数名词 加- 's my father's wish(我父亲的心愿)
Dick's new idea(迪克的新想法)
以 -s结尾的单数名词或专有名词 加 -'或- 's Dickens'(s) novels(狄更斯的小说) my boss'(s) hat(我老板的帽子)
以 -s或 -es结尾的复数名词 加 -' Teachers' Day(教师节)
two hours' reading(两个小时的阅读)
the students' dining room(学生餐厅) 
情况 构成 示例
不以 -s或 -es结尾的复数名词 加 -'s Children's Day(儿童节) women's clothes(女装)
复合名词或名词短语 在最后 一个词 词尾加 - 's an hour and a half's talk(一个半小时的谈话)
my brother- in -law's car(我姐夫的小汽车)
续表
2.of所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词所有格(但表示事物的“类型”时不用of所有格)。
用法 示例
表示所属关系 the door of the room(房间的门) the opinion of the majority(大多数人的意见)
表示主谓关系 the arrival of Tom(汤姆的到来)
the departure of the train(火车的出发)
表示动宾关系 waste of time(浪费时间) the destruction of the rainforest(对雨林的毁坏)
表示同位关系 the city of Shanghai(上海市)
in the year of 2016(在2016年)
3.双重所有格(名词+of+-'s所有格/名词性物主代词)
of短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数量的词a(n)、one、some、several、
a few、many、any、no等,但不能与定冠词the连用。双重所有格表示整体
中的一部分。
*Some friends of my sister's will join us in the game.
我姐姐的一些朋友将和我们一起玩游戏。
要点二
名词作定语
1.名词作定语多用来说明被修饰名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、
类别等。
a cotton shirt棉布衬衫 a tennis court网球场
summer holidays暑假 school education学校教育
weather report天气预报 air pollution空气污染
2.多数情况下,名词作定语时要使用单数形式;但clothes、goods、sports、
sales等名词作定语时,要用复数形式。
a glasses store眼镜店 a clothes shop服装店
a sports meeting运动会 a sales agent销售代理
a customs officer海关官员 a savings bank储蓄银行
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(人教必修一 U5)Written Chinese has also become an important
means by which________(China) present is connected with its past.
China's
解析:考查名词所有格。此处表示“中国的现在”,应使用名词所有格形式。
2.There is a longstanding Chinese tradition of including chopsticks in a
______(girl) dowry (嫁妆),symbolizing a blessing for the bride's
future family.
girl's
解析:考查名词所有格。所填词修饰 dowry,表示所属关系,应使用名词所
有格形式。
3.Nowadays, more and more teenagers prefer to eat snacks and other fast
food, which accounts for the rise in_______ (weigh) problems.
weight
解析:考查名词作定语。空处所填词作定语,修饰名词problems,表示问题的
类别,应用 weigh 的名词形式 weight。
PART
03
考点三 名词的词形转换
1.(2024· 新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement
in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of
China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk
Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to
define much of the ________(rich) of gardening in England.
richness
解析:考查名词。空处在定冠词the之后,且空后的of gardening对空处进
行限定,因此应用名词richness。
2.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Those cultural elements have increased
Stratford's international _________ (visible), said Edmondson.
visibility
解析:考查名词。空前的international是形容词,应修饰名词;visible的名
词形式为visibility,表示“知名度”,为不可数名词。
要点
常考名词后缀
情况 后缀 示例
动词变 名词的 后缀 -al approve—approval refuse—refusal
-ance/-ence appear—appearance guide—guidance
prefer—preference refer—reference
-ion/-tion/- ation instruct—instruction
operate—operation
expect—expectation
invite—invitation
情况 后缀 示例
动词变 名词的 后缀 -s(s)ion admit—admission decide—decision
-ment achieve—achievement
argue—argument  
-ure/-ture fail—failure expose—exposure  mix—mixture
-y recover—recovery
discover—discovery 
-er/-or announce—announcer
conduct—conductor
续表
情况 后缀 示例
动词变 名词的 后缀 其他常见变 化 choose—choice 
vary —variety
tend—tendency 
grow —growth
marry —marriage
形容词 变名词 的后缀 -cy fluent—fluency accurate—accuracy
efficient—efficiency
-dom free—freedom wise—wisdom
-ness dark—darkness aware—awareness
续表
情况 后缀 示例
形容词 变名词 的后缀 -th warm—warmth true—truth deep—depth strong—strength long—length wide—width
-y/-ty/-ility difficult—difficulty honest—honesty
cruel—cruelty
responsible—responsibility
-ce absent—absence confident—confidence
convenient—convenience significant—significance 
续表
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(2025 ·南昌5月模拟)The oldest_________(evident) of noodles was
from 4,000 years ago in China.
evidence
解析:考查名词。分析句子结构可知,所填词作主语,表示“证据”;再结合谓
语动词was 可知,此处用不可数名词evidence。
2.(2025·济宁二模)The Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo, once struggling
to sustain its________(survive), has undergone a remarkable
turnaround.
survival
解析:考查名词。分析句子结构可知,所填词作动词sustain的宾语,表示“生
存、存活”,应用不可数名词 survival。
3.(2025·广州三模)Huang Bingbing, living in Shenzhen, Guangdong,
is an enthusiastic_________(support) of this idea.
supporter
解析:考查名词。分析句子结构可知,所填词作表语,表示“支持者、拥护者”,
再结合不定冠词an 可知,应用可数名词单数supporter。
PART
04
高分策略 精思维 解题势如破竹(共17张PPT)
语法精练 重实效 演练核心要点
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2025·菏泽一模)According to the legends, the loong is capable of
changing ____(it) size and visibility at will.
its
解析:考查代词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰size and visibility,应用形
容词性物主代词。
2.(2025·周口一模)My mom would put some tokens in some dumplings:
candies for a sweet life, and peanuts for a long and healthy _____.
one
解析:考查代词。分析句子结构可知,空处指代前面的名词life,且空前有a
long and healthy 修饰,表示同类不同物,应用不定代词 one。
3.(2025·广州执信中学开学考)So before you return home from work
tonight, put the burden of work down. Don't carry ___ back home.
it
解析:考查代词。分析句子结构可知,空处作carry的宾语,指代前面的the
burden of work,应用it。
4.(2025·宜宾二模)This year's success story is different from ______ of
previous years which were marked by grand-theme, big-budget scenes.
those
解析:考查代词。分析句子结构可知,空处指代前面的success story;which
引导的定语从句修饰先行词“____ of previous years”,在从句中作主语;根
据从句谓语were marked 可知,主语应表示复数意义,应用指示代词those。
5.The experience tested humans' ability to adjust ___________ (they) to
the sudden huge changes in living conditions and environments.
themselves
解析:考查代词。adjust oneself to...为固定短语,意为“使自己适应……”。
空处应用反身代词 themselves。
6.Practitioners lift and rotate (转动) needles to unblock the flow of
energy: restore yin and yang balance, and stimulate the body's potential to
heal ______(it).
itself
解析:考查代词。分析句子结构可知,空处作heal的宾语,指代the body,与
to heal的逻辑主语相同,应用反身代词 itself。
7.“___ is believed that it belongs to the late Yangshao period,” said Li
Shiwei from Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and
Archaeology, who is in charge of the excavation (发掘) site.
It
解析:考查代词。此处为固定句型“It is believed that...”,其中It作形式主
语,that引导的从句作真正的主语。单词位于句首,首字母应大写。
8.However, park enthusiasts from all over China and even overseas have
spontaneously made the interest group _____ (they) gathering
community.
their
解析:考查代词。分析句子结构可知,空处作定语,修饰后面的名词,表示
所属关系,应用形容词性物主代词 their。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·南通第一次调研)Tanghulu (also known as bingtang hulu)
is a traditional Chinese snack consisting of hardened sugar-coated fruits on
a stick. 1.__________ (classic), tanghulu is made of hawthorns that are
rich 2.___ vitamin C. In recent times,tanghulu makers 3.___________
(add) variety to this traditional snack by using other fruits such as
cherries, strawberries,pineapples or grapes.
Tanghulu can taste sweet or sour,depending on your fruit.
Traditional tanghulu using hawthorn berries is said to taste like a
4.____________ (combine) of both. You can,of course, make your
own tanghulu using any fruit you desire.
Classically
in
have added
combination
Tanghulu is easier 5._________ (make) at home than you might
think. The trick is to use the correct ratio (比例) of water to sugar
and boil the mixture of sugar and water 6.________ its temperature
reaches 150 . Then quickly dip your fruit skewer (扦子) into the
sugar mixture. This will result in fruit being coated in a thin layer of
hard candy that cracks when the fruit 7._________ (bite) into.
to make
until/till
is bitten
Tanghulu is commonly eaten in the winter. You can find 8._________
(travel) traders roaming (游荡) in the streets, selling this unique
snack. If you want to try the sticky treat 9._________________ (you),
you can find tanghulu stands near most of the popular tourist attractions
in China. Tanghulu isn't expensive,as a skewer costs only $1. So,what
could possibly stop you from giving it 10.___ try
traveling
yourself/yourselves
a
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的传统小吃——
糖葫芦。
1.__________
Classically
解析:考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处修饰后面整个句子,应用副词
形式作状语。单词位于句首,首字母应大写。
2.___
in
解析:考查介词。此处为固定搭配be rich in,意为“富含”。
3.___________
have added
解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语;根
据时间状语In recent times可知,此处应用现在完成时;主语makers为名词
复数,助动词应用复数形式。
4.____________
combination
解析:考查名词。根据下文的both可知,此处指“两者的结合体”;根据空
前的a可知,空处应用名词单数形式。
5._________
to make
解析:考查非谓语动词。be easy to do sth.为固定用法,意为“做某事很容
易”。
6.________
until/till
解析:考查连词。根据下文的reaches 150 可知,此处指“直到温度达到
150 ”,空处应用until或till。
7._________
is bitten
解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处是状
语从句的谓语;根据cracks可知,应用一般现在时; the fruit与bite之间是
被动关系,应用被动语态;主语the fruit是单数,谓语应用第三人称单数形
式。
8._________
traveling
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处应用traveling作定语修
饰名词traders。
9._________________
yourself/yourselves
解析:考查代词。根据句意可知,此处强调主语“亲自”,应用反身代词作
同位语,指“你自己/你们自己”。
10.___
a
解析:考查冠词。give sth. a try为固定短语,意为“尝试一下某物”。(共62张PPT)
中流砥柱 动词篇
第一讲 谓语动词
核心考点 考频 命题预测
一般过去时 5年14考 考点以一般过去时为主,尤其注意一般过
去时的被动语态,对情态动词后的被动语态进
行考查的可能性增加,虽然其他时态
(如现在完成时)的考查频次较低,但备考时
也不能完全忽视。试题会从句子结构复杂
化、主从句和并列句时态不一致、无明确时
间标志等角度考查,增加试题的难度,考生在
备考时应予以重视
一般现在时 5年5考
现在完成时 5年1考
情态动词的被 动语态 5年3考
1
考点一 一般体
2
考点二 进行体
3
考点三 完成体/完成进行体
4
考点四 被动语态
5
考点五 主谓一致
PART
01
考点一 一般体
1.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the
greenhouse ______ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the
ancient Silk Road...The garden also contains a winding path that guides
visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road.
walks
解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处为谓语动词。
句子主语为第三人称单数the Silk Route Garden,与 walk是主动关系,且
walk在此为及物动词。根据下文中的contains可知,空处应用一般现在时的
第三人称单数形式。
2.(2023 ·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)As a little girl, I _______ (wish) to be a
zookeeper when I grew up.
wished
解析:考查动词的时态。根据空前的“As a little girl”和空后的“when I
grew up”可知,空处讲的是作者小时候的愿望,时态应用一般过去时。
3.(2022 ·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)He quickly______ (throw) his tools aside,
and started running, arms out.
threw
解析:考查动词的时态。空处与and 后面的 started为并列谓语,故空处用
一般过去时。
4.(2022 ·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP
________(be) officially set up next year.
will be
解析:考查动词的时态。根据时间状语next year可知,空处应用一般将来
时。
要点一
一般现在时(do/does; am/is/are)
1.表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的
副词(词组)always、every time、now and then、occasionally、often、
seldom、sometimes、usually、every day/night等连用。
2.按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作,用一般现在时。只限
于go、arrive、leave、start、stay、return、begin、come等动词。
3.在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
4.表示不受时态限制的客观事实或普遍真理。
要点二
一般过去时(did; was/were)
1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday、last year、
three years ago、the other day等时间状语连用。
2.表示过去一段时间内经常、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。
3.时间、条件、让步状语从句中,若主句用了过去将来时,从句常用一般
过去时。
要点三
一般将来时(will/shall+动词原形)
1.“will/shall+动词原形”表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will+动词原
形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
2.“am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示现在打算或计划在将来要做的事情;
表示已有迹象表明在最近或将来要发生的事情。
3.“am/is/are to+动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作;也可表示职
责、义务、意图、约定、可能性等。
4.“am/is/are about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表
示具体的将来时间状语连用。
要点四
一般过去将来时(would/should+动词原形)
1.表示从过去某一时刻看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾语从
句中。
2.一般过去将来时也可用“was/were going to+动词原形”、“was/were to +
动词原形”及“was/were about to+动词原形”表示。
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(译林选必一U2)On 7 May 1824, a crowd of music lovers _________
(stream) into a theatre in Vienna to hear the first-ever performance of
the great Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No.9.
streamed
解析:考查动词的时态。根据时间状语On 7 May 1824可知,空处应使用一
般过去时。
2.(北师大选必二 U6)Reading a book and watching a film ____(be)
two very different experiences, but it's normal to have high expectations
when a film of a favourite book is made.
are
解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据 but 后面分句的时态可知,此处
描述一般情况,应使用一般现在时。主语“Reading a book and watching a
film”指的是“读书”和“看电影”两件事,空处应填 are。
3.Undoubtedly, if you feel you are struggling to make ends meet while
everyone around you appears to be living in comfort and security, you
_________(feel) less joy and more stress.
will feel
解析:考查动词的时态。本句为含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句,
从句使用了一般现在时表将来,结合语境可知,主句应使用一般将来时。
PART
02
考点二 进行体
1.(2022 ·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Henry ___________(fix) his car when he
heard the screams.
was fixing
解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此句为“be
doing...when...”句型,空处应用过去进行时,且主语Henry为第三人称单数,
be动词应用was。
2.(2015 ·天津卷)Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this
afternoon because she _______________(teach) a class at that time.
will be teaching
解析:考查动词的时态。根据句意可知,时间状语at that time指代上文at
3 o'clock this afternoon,表示将来某个时刻正在做某事,空处应用将来进
行时。
3.(2013 ·天津卷)The water supply has been cut off temporarily because
the workers ____________(repair) one of the main pipes.
are repairing
解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上文的“has been cut off
temporarily”和句意可知,空处应用现在进行时,且主语the workers为复数,
be动词应用are。
要点一
现在进行时(am/is/are doing)
1.表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或
存在的状态。常见的时间状语有now、right now、at present、at this
moment、these days等。
2.某些表示位置移动的动词,如go、come、leave、arrive、start、move等可
用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。
3.与always、often、constantly等频度副词连用,表示经常反复的行为或某
种感彩(感彩可褒可贬)。
要点二
过去进行时(was/were doing)
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生的动作或存在的状态。常见
的时间状语有then、 at that time、 at this time、 yesterday等。
2.表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行,常与when、while引导的
时间状语从句连用。
要点三
将来进行时(will/shall be doing)
表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态,或按计划、安排将要
发生的事情。常用的时间状语有soon、then、in two days、this time
tomorrow、tomorrow morning、at 9:00 next Monday、from 10:00 to
11:00 tomorrow、the day after tomorrow等。
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(北师大选必二U4)A famous art collector____________(walk)
through the city when he noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer
in the doorway of a store.
was walking
解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句意可知,本句为“be
doing...when...”句型,意为“正在做……,这时(突然)……”;根据从句谓
语noticed可知,应用过去进行时;主语为第三人称单数,be动词应用was。
2.(外研必修一U2)When I____________(look) for the exit, I saw
that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor, not the first
floor.
was looking
解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。When 引导时间状语从句,空处在从句
中作谓语,根据主句中的saw和语境可知,此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的
动作,应用过去进行时;从句主语为I,be动词应用was。
3.Sorry, I can't meet you at five o'clock tomorrow afternoon, because I
___________________(play) soccer then.
will/shall be playing
解析:考查动词的时态。空处在从句中作谓语,且根据then可知,空处表示
正在进行的动作,应用将来进行时。
PART
03
考点三 完成体/完成进行体
1.(2024·浙江卷1月)Over the last two years, some supermarkets
____________(start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with
two halves containing separate portions (份).
have started
解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据“Over the last two years”
可知,此处应用现在完成时;主语supermarkets为复数,与动词start之间为
主动关系,应用have started。
2.(2022 ·全国甲卷)In the last five years, Cao ___________(walk)
through 34 countries in six continents.
has walked
解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“In the last five years”
可知,应用现在完成时,主语Cao为第三人称单数,助动词应用has。
3.(2020 ·浙江卷7月)By about 6000 BC, people ______________
(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
had discovered
解析:考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“By about 6000 BC”可知,空处应
用过去完成时。
要点一
现在完成时(has/have done)
1.表示动作发生在过去,截止到现在已经完成或对现在造成一定的影响,
常与lately、recently、so far、by now、up to/till now、in the last/past few
days/years等时间状语连用。
2.表示动作从过去开始,一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去),常
与“since+时间点”或“for+时间段”等表示一段时间的状语连用。
要点二
过去完成时(had done)
表示在某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成的动作,即“过去的过去”。
常与“by/by the end of/by the time/until/before+表示过去某一时间的短语
或从句”等时间状语连用。
要点三
将来完成时(will/shall have done)
表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。常与“by+将来
的时间”等时间状语连用。
要点四
现在完成进行时(has/have been doing)
表示从过去某时开始的动作一直持续到现在,这个动作可能刚刚结束,
也可能仍在继续,强调动作的持续过程。
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(外研选必四 U6)Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the
Moon back on 20 July 1969, people_____________(become)
accustomed to the notion of space travel.
have become
解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语从句“Ever since...back
on 20 July 1969”可知,空处应用现在完成时;主语people为复数,助动词
应用have。
2.(译林选必一 U2)By the time he was a teenager, he____________
(enjoy) a reputation as a wonderful young musician.
had enjoyed
解析:考查动词的时态。根据时间状语从句“By the time he was a
teenager”可知,空处应用过去完成时,表示“过去的过去”。
3.(外研选必一 U4)Whatever your opinion, people___________________
(express) their thoughts and ideas through art for thousands of years.
have been expressing
解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句意可知,“用艺术表达自己的
想法”的动作发生在过去,持续到现在,并且会一直持续下去,空处应用现在完
成进行时;主语people为复数,助动词应用have。
PART
04
考点四 被动语态
1.(2023 ·全国乙卷)I ____________(amaze) by the co-existence of
old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage
(遗产) while constantly growing.
was amazed
解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据“was able to”可知,应用
一般过去时;主语I和谓语动词amaze之间为被动关系,空处应用被动语态,
be动词应用was。
2.(2023 ·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has
been passed down through the ages can still ____________(employ)
today to draw attention to important truths.
be employed
解析:考查动词的语态。根据句意可知,从句主语“a simple literary form”
与employ之间为被动关系,空处应用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。
3.(2022 ·浙江卷1月)Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and
the like—frequently by plane—_________________________(view) as
important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
is viewed/has been viewed
解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意可知,此处描述客观
事实,用一般现在时;此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知,用
现在完成时,且主语“Travelling...like”与谓语动词view之间为被动关系,应
用被动语态;主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
动词的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执
行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态的构成为“be+过去分
词”。除be外,被动语态的构成形式还有“get/become+过去分词”。
要点一
被动语态的基本结构
时态 被动形式 时态 被动形式
一般现在时 am/is/are done 现在进行时 am/is/are being done
一般过去时 was/were done 过去进行时 was/were being done
一般将来时 will/shall be done 现在完成时 has/have been done
过去将来时 would/should be done 过去完成时 had been done
【名师点津】 情态动词的被动语态的基本结构:情态动词+be done。
要点二
不能用于被动语态的动词及短语
1.有些及物动词(短语)如:have、hold、cost、lack、belong to、own、
suit、 fit等。
2.所有的不及物动词(短语)如:happen、 take place、 occur (to)、
remain、break out、last、come out、come up with、 consist of、 lose
heart、 date back to/date from、 run out、 weigh等。
要点三
主动形式表示被动意义
1.当系动词feel、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound等后接形容词时;当sell、
read、draw、wash、write、open、wear、run、burn等不及物动词后有状语
(well/easily等)修饰,用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时,均用主动形式
表示被动意义。
2.want、 require、 need、 deserve等后加动名词是用主动形式表示被动意
义。
3.be worth doing用主动形式表示被动意义。
4.在“be+形容词+to do”中,当动词不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语时,动
词不定式是用主动形式表示被动意义。
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(外研选必一 U1)Humour isn't just about laughter, but is a way of
life and a tool that can________(use) to illuminate the world.
be used
解析:考查被动语态。分析句子结构可知,“that can ____ to illuminate
the world”是定语从句,修饰先行词tool,空处与关系代词that之间为被动关系,
空处应用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。
2.(译林选必二 U1)If an advertisement_________ (place) on a
popular website or on TV at peak times, a huge number of people will
know about the product or service it is advertising.
is placed
解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作If
引导的条件状语从句的谓语,主句谓语will know为一般将来时,因此从句应
用一般现在时表将来;空处动词place与其主语an advertisement之间为被动
关系,应用被动语态;主语为单数,be动词应用is。
3.(译林选必二 U1)The more we like the brand ambassador, the more
we________________(attract) to buy the product.
will be attracted
解析:考查动词的时态和语态。本句为“the+比较级..., the+比较级...”
结构,为含比较状语从句的主从复合句,符合主将从现的原则。根据从句谓
语like可知,主句应用一般将来时。分析句子结构可知,空处作主句的谓语,
与主句主语we之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。
PART
05
考点五 主谓一致
1.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)“Some of the things that Tang was writing
about ______(be) also Shakespeare's concerns. I happen to know that
Tang's play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways
to Romeo and Juliet.”
were
解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处为谓语动词,
主语为Some of the things,为复数;再根据句意可知,此处描述的是过去
的事实,应用were。
2.(2024·全国甲卷)They ______(be) part of a 15-member exploring
party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural
beauties there.
were
解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构可知,空处为谓语动词,
再根据空处前面的主语They和后面从句的时态可知,此处描述的是过去的
事实,空处应用动词 be 的过去式 were。
3.(2023 ·浙江卷1月)Over the past few years, many solar farm
developers ________________ (transform) the space under their solar
panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil
improvement and carbon reduction.
have transformed
解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处为谓语动词。
根据时间状语“Over the past few years”可知,空处应用现在完成时。主语
“many solar farm developers”是复数形式,应用have transformed。
4.(2023 ·浙江卷1月)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden
City. Citizens of higher social classes ______________(permit) to live
closer to the center of the circles.
were permitted
解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据was及句意可知,空处应
用一般过去时;且空处与主语Citizens之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;主
语Citizens是复数,be动词应用were。
在英语句子中,谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。英语
中主谓一致主要遵循语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三大原则。
要点一
语法一致原则
1.主语为可数名词单数或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。
2.主语为单个动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或主语从句时,谓语
动词用单数形式。
3.主语是由and或者both...and...连接的并列名词、代词、不定式(短语)、
动名词(短语)或主语从句时,谓语动词通常用复数形式。
4.主语是another、either、each、somebody、nobody、someone、anyone、no
one、something、everything、nothing等不定代词时,谓语动词用单数形式。
5.在定语从句中,关系代词that、 who、 which等作主语时,其谓语动词的
数与其先行词的数保持一致。
6.主语后有介词(短语) with、 along with、 together with、 as well as、
besides、 like、 except、 rather than、 in addition to、 including等加名
词或代词构成另一主语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语(即离得远的名
词)保持一致。
7.a series of、 a kind of、 a piece of、 a pair of 等修饰名词时,通常
以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
要点二
意义一致原则
1.主语是由连词and连接的并列成分,且指的是同一个人、同一件事或同一
概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。
2.表示“时间、重量、距离、价格、金钱、体积”等名词的复数作主语时,
通常作为整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式。
3.集体名词作主语:(1)主语是people、police、cattle等名词时,谓语动
词用复数形式;(2)主语是family、class、team、group、committee、
audience等名词时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式,若强调其
中的成员,谓语动词用复数形式。
4.“the+形容词”表示一类人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
5.“many a/more than one+可数名词单数”作主语时,含义为不止一个,但
谓语动词用单数形式。
6.“the+姓氏名词的复数形式”表示“某夫妇/一家人”,作主语时,谓语动词
用复数形式。
7.“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of/the majority of+名词”构成的短语以
及由“分数/百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要根据短
语中名词的数而定。
8.news、 maths、 physics、 politics等形式上是复数,但是意义上是单数,
作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。chopsticks、glasses、shoes、socks、
stockings、trousers、boots等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
9.“a number of+可数名词复数”意为“许多……”,表示复数意义,谓语动词
用复数形式;“the number of+可数名词复数”意为“……的数目”,表示单数
意义,谓语动词用单数形式。
要点三
就近一致原则
1.当连词or、 not...but...、 either...or...、 neither...nor...、 not only...but
(also)...等连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的数常与最近的主
语的数保持一致。
2.there/here be 句型中有并列主语时,谓语动词be 在数上与最近的主语保
持一致。
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.Jiang visited students in the special education schools, many of whom
_____________(inspire) to do their best to achieve as much as a so-
called healthy person.
were inspired
解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,many of
whom 在从句中作主语,先行词为students,inspire与主语之间为被动关系,
应用被动语态;根据visited可知,应用一般过去时;many of whom在从句
中作主语,先行词students为复数,be动词应用were。
2.It is reported that many a new house _____________(build) at
present in the disaster area.
is being built
解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知,此处指房子正
在被建造,应用现在进行时的被动语态;many a后接可数名词单数作主语,
be动词应用is。
3.The famous musician, as well as his students, ___________(invite) to
perform at the opening ceremony last night.
was invited
解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“at the opening
ceremony last night”可知,空处应用一般过去时;主语和invite之间为被动
关系,应用被动语态;根据as well as可知,谓语动词的数应与前边的主语
保持一致,be动词应用was。
4.Luckily, not only the teacher but also the students ______(be) in
favor of the proposal which was put forward by Hume.
were
解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据“was put forward”可知,应用一
般过去时;“not only...but also...”连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的数遵循
就近一致原则,students为复数,be动词应用were。(共17张PPT)
语法精练 重实效 演练核心要点
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2025·湖南长、望、浏、宁调研)The UN General Assembly, in a
resolution, acknowledges the significance of the Lunar New Year and
invites the UN bodies at headquarters and other duty stations to avoid
________(hold) meetings on the Lunar New Year.
holding
解析:考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”,为固定短语。
2.(2025·邵阳一模)In addition, ________(sleep) on the heatable brick
bed for a prolonged period is good for the blood circulation and
metabolism of the body, and can relieve some diseases such as arthritis
and waist and leg pain.
sleeping
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作句子的主语。根据for
a prolonged period 可知,此处表示习惯性、经常性的动作,应用动名词形式。
3.(2025·哈尔滨二模)People decorate their homes with red lanterns and
paper cutouts, ____________(symbolize) happiness and good luck.
symbolizing
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语decorate,且空
处不与其并列,空处应为非谓语动词,应用现在分词形式作伴随状语。
4.From green sporting venues (场馆) _________(equip) with wind,
photovoltaic (光伏的) and other clean energy sources to technological
applications including driverless buses and digital torchbearers, green
technology became one of the biggest highlights of the 19th Asian Games.
equipped
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作后置定语,与被修饰词
venues之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式。
5.(2025·永州二模)In today's rapidly urbanising China, fewer and fewer
people live in skywell dwellings, but a revival of interest in traditional
Chinese architecture is leading some of historic buildings with skywells
______________(restore) for modern times.
to be restored
解析:考查非谓语动词。lead sth. to do sth.意为“致使某物做某事”,为固
定短语,空处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语;且restore与宾语 some of
historic buildings with skywells之间为被动关系,应用动词不定式的被动形
式。
6.(2025·淮北一模)___________(construct) in sections from the 5th
century BCE, the Grand Canal was a means of communication for the
Empire for the first time in the Sui Dynasty.
Constructed
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动词作状语,与
其逻辑主语the Grand Canal之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式。空处位于
句首,首字母应大写。
7.(2025·杭州学军中学模拟)The exhibition highlights the important
moments in the past century's continued archaeological efforts, to reveal
the myths surrounding Sanxingdui and the secrets yet _______________
(uncover).
to be uncovered
解析:考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,此处表示“尚未被揭开的秘密”,空
处作后置定语,修饰名词secrets,表示要发生的动作,应用动词不定式;且空
处与secrets之间为被动关系,应用动词不定式的被动形式。
8.(2025·长沙新高考适应性考试)There are eight different tools used to
process the hairy crabs, each _________(design) for specific parts.
designed
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,“each ____ for specific
parts”为独立主格结构作状语;design与其逻辑主语each之间为被动关系,应
用过去分词形式。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·湖南九校联盟联考一)Delicate strokes, carved onto wood,
with ultimate precision—this is woodblock printing, 1.____ ancient
printing technique that advanced human civilization.
As Buddhism prospered in China during the Tang Dynasty, there was
a strong need 2.___________(produce) a large amount of Buddhist
scriptures. Meanwhile, 3.________ (copy) by hand could not meet the
rising demand. Ancient Chinese craftsmen thus came up with a novel way
to mass-produce printed works. Hence came the 4._______ (early) form
of woodblock printing.
an
to produce
copying
earliest
Traditional woodblock printing comprises four major steps:writing,
engraving, printing, and binding. With each step further 5.________
(divide) into several procedures, it takes roughly 30 steps to produce a
woodblock print. Carving is at the center of woodblock printing as this
painstaking step can make 6.___ break the final print. Characters and
images 7.__________ (carve) to produce raised areas or lines that will
eventually apply ink to paper. It calls for a pair of skilled hands.
divided
or
are carved
A five-meter scroll of the Buddhist scripture Diamond Sutra, printed
in 868, is the “earliest dated printed book” in the words of the British
Library 8._______ it is stored. It is just one example of ancient works of
art that not only tells the wisdom of our ancestors, but is also an
evidence of the 9._______ (pursue) of beauty by Chinese craftsmen
throughout centuries.
The invention of writing gave life 10.___ great thoughts, but it was
the invention of printing that made knowledge a shareable fruit for all
humankind.
where
pursuit
to
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了雕版印刷的起源和特点。
1.____
an
解析:考查冠词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰单数可数名词technique,
表泛指,应用不定冠词修饰;且ancient的发音以元音音素开头,应用an。
2.___________
to produce
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句中已有系动词was,且与
空处之间无连词连接,空处应用非谓语动词;名词need后应用动词不定式
作后置定语。
3.________
copying
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处缺少主语,泛指手工抄
写,空处应用动名词形式作主语。
4._______
earliest
解析:考查形容词的比较等级。根据空前的定冠词the及语境可知,此处应
用形容词的最高级修饰名词form,表示“最早的”。
5.________
divided
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为with复合结构,divide
和step之间是逻辑上的被动关系,空处应用过去分词作宾语补足语。
6.___
or
解析:考查连词。分析句子结构可知,空处连接并列单词make和break,表
“或者”。
7.__________
are carved
解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处是句
子的谓语,且结合上下文可知,此处陈述客观事实,句子应为一般现在时;
主语Characters and images与carve之间为被动关系,空处应用被动语态;
主语Characters and images为复数,be动词应用are。
8._______
where
解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,修
饰先行词British Library,且从句中不缺少成分,空处应用关系副词;先行
词British Library表地点,空处在从句中作地点状语,应用where。
9._______
pursuit
解析:考查词性转换。根据空前的the和空后的of可知,空处应用名词,表
示“追求”。
10.___
to
解析:考查介词。give life to为固定短语,意为“赋予……生命”。(共18张PPT)
语法精练 重实效 演练核心要点
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2025· T8联盟5月压轴卷二)______ a sense of humor, horses are
masters of talkers, and they are very comfortable to get along with, for
they have the ability to instantly put people at ease.
With
解析:考查介词。分析句子结构可知,“____ a sense of humor”在句中作
状语,空处应用介词;根据句意可知,此处表示“具有幽默感”,应用with。
单词位于句首,首字母应大写。
2.(2025·安徽“江南十校”联考)Confucius insists on treating students ___
individuals to achieve full potential, which is consistent with some of the
modern educational thoughts.
as
解析:考查介词。treat... as...为固定搭配,意为“把……当作……对待”。
3.(2025·淮北一模)The Grand Canal reached a new peak in the Yuan
Dynasty (13th century), providing a unified inland navigation network
consisting ___ more than 2,000 km of artificial waterways, linking five of
the most important river basins in China, including the Yellow River and
the Yangtze.
of
解析:考查介词。consist of为固定搭配,意为“由……组成”。
4.(2025·佛山一模)Amateur basketball players representing their villages
compete not ____ cash prizes; instead, the winning team take home live
ducks, rice and traditional Miao-style silver headdresses.
for
解析:考查介词。compete for为固定搭配,意为“为……竞争”。
5.(2025·哈尔滨二模)Chinese people believe that the people born in the
Year of the Loong will be blessed _____ strength, success, and good luck
throughout their lives.
with
解析:考查介词。be blessed with为固定搭配,意为“有幸拥有、被赋予”。
6.(2025·河南TOP二十名校质检一)After that, China will be prepared to
explore Jupiter and other planets in the solar system, hoping to complete
the exploration of 100 astronomical units in 2049, to reach 15 billion
kilometers from Earth, or even ___ the edge of the solar system.
to
解析:考查介词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,此处表示“到达”,空处
应用介词to。
7.(2025·延边一模)Most farmers welcome snow because snow can
protect crops ______ cold fronts and keep the fields warm.
from
解析:考查介词。protect sth. from...为固定搭配,意为“保护某物免
受……”。
8.(2025·温州二模)Some consumers may go _______ their original
intention and give high scores because they receive free dishes or
discounts when asked to submit comments.
against
解析:考查介词。go against 为固定搭配,意为“违背”。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·福建七市质检)Dujiangyan is an ancient irrigation system,
1._______ (locate) in the Min River Valley, Sichuan Province,China.
It 2._________ (build) by a governor named Li Bing and his son, who
have been admired by Chinese for over 2,000 years.
located
was built
The system consists of three main 3.______ (part): the Yuzui
(Fish Mouth),the Feishayan (Flying Sand Weir), and the
Baopingkou (Bottle-Neck Channel). The Yuzui redirects water away
from the city of Chengdu while allowing sand and mud 4.________
(flow) through the main channel,preventing flooding. The Feishayan
controls the flow of water and helps prevent gradual destruction,while
the Baopingkou distributes the water 5.___ farmland.
Dujiangyan has been able to control the water flow without the use
of dams or gates 6._____ is considered one of the greatest engineering
parts
to flow
to
and
projects in ancient China. It has also played a crucial role in irrigating
the surrounding farmland,7.________ (make) the region one of the
most fertile croplands in China.
making
In addition to its 8._________ (practice) uses,Dujiangyan is also
a popular tourist attraction,9._______ visitors come to admire the ancient
architecture and learn about its history. In 2000, it was recognized as a
UNESCO World Heritage Site for its cultural and historical
10.___________ (significant).
practical
where
significance
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了古老的灌溉系统——
都江堰。
1._______
located
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语;locate与主语
Dujiangyan之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词形式。
2._________
was built
解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓
语;主语 It(指代Dujiangyan)与build 之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;
此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时;主语It为第三人称,be动词
应用第三人称单数形式。
3.______
parts
解析:考查名词复数。根据空前的three可知,空处应用名词复数形式。
4.________
to flow
解析:考查非谓语动词。allow sb./sth.to do...为固定搭配,意为“允许某人/
某物去做……”,空处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
5.___
to
解析:考查介词。distribute...to...为固定搭配,意为“把……分配给……”。
6._____
and
解析:考查连词。分析句子结构可知, has been able to和is considered是
并列谓语动词,空处应用连词and连接。
7.________
making
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语;此处表示上
文描述的内容所导致的自然而然的结果,应用现在分词作结果状语。
8._________
practical
解析:考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰名词uses,应用形容词
形式作定语。
9._______
where
解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,
修饰先行词tourist attraction,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词
where引导。
10.___________
significance
解析:考查名词。分析句子结构可知,此处作for的宾语,应用名词形式,
significance为不可数名词。(共69张PPT)
第二讲 非谓语动词
核心考点 考频 命题预测
动词-ing形式 5年17考 2024年新高考全国卷Ⅰ在语境中设置了词汇
活用和较多的长难句,难度提升,考查考生的语言
能力和长难句分析能力;语境中融入明显的上下
文呼应提示。预计2025年高考设题仍会从词汇活
用和长难句两方面增加难度,在不同语境中考查
非谓语的不同形式,这提醒考生要提高篇章意识,
站在语篇的角度去考虑语法结构
动词不定式 5年17考
动词-ed形式 5年6考
1
考点一 非谓语动词的形式及其句法功能
2
考点二 非谓语动词作状语
3
考点三 非谓语动词作定语
4
考点四 非谓语动词作宾语
5
考点五 非谓语动词作补足语
6
考点六 非谓语动词作主语和表语
7
高分策略 精思维 解题势如破竹
PART
01
考点一 非谓语动词的形式及其句法功能
1.(2023 ·全国乙卷)______________(visit) several times over the last
10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how
a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly
growing.
Having visited
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处应用非谓语动词作状语,
且与逻辑主语I之间是主动关系;根据时间状语over the last 10 years可知,
visit是先于谓语动词完成的动作,应用现在分词的完成式。
2.(2023 ·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America
where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its
surroundings,” her fable begins, __________ (borrow) some familiar
words from many age-old fables.
borrowing
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动词作状语,
her fable与borrow之间为主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。
3.(2023 ·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have
a fine skin,allowing them ___________ (lift) out of the steamer
basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
to be lifted
解析:考查非谓语动词。此处为allow sth.to be done结构,意为“允许某事
被做”。lift与宾语them之间为被动关系,应用动词不定式的被动式。
非谓语形式 主动形式 被动形式
一般式 进行式 完成式 一般式 完成式
动词不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have
been done
动词-ing 形式 动名词 doing having done being done having
been done
现在分词
动词-ed形式 过去分词 done
非谓语形式 句法功能
主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补足语
动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动词-ing 形式 动名词 √ √ √ √
现在分词 √ √ √ √
动词-ed形式 过去分词 √ √ √ √
续表
【名师点津】(1)非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存
在主谓、动宾关系,与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时,用主动形式;与逻辑
主语之间存在动宾关系时, 用被动形式。
(2)根据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系确定时
态: ①非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时
发生, 用非谓语动词的一般式;②非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词
所表示的动作之前,用非谓语动词的完成式。
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(北师大选必二 U6)Some books are just too difficult _____________
(adapt) for technical reasons, although films like Life of Pi are
changing this idea.
to be adapted
解析:考查非谓语动词。此处为“too...to do...”结构,意为“太……而不
能……”,空处作结果状语,与其逻辑主语books 之间为被动关系,应用动词不
定式的被动式。
2.(2025·潍坊三模)When they are not in use, they remain rolled up,
with coverings on the back and front to protect the painting.___________
(keep) in this way helps Thangkas (唐卡画) last for a very long
time.
Being kept
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作主语,表示被动,
应用动名词的被动式 Being kept。
3.(2025·河南五市二联)I came to Beijing to study Chinese
art._____________(live) here for about four years up to now, I have a
better understanding of China's northern food.
Having lived
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处应用非谓语形式;live表
示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前,且有时间状语for about four years up
to now,应用现在分词的完成式Having lived。
PART
02
考点二 非谓语动词作状语
1.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)These sepals (萼片) open on warm
days________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
to give
解析:考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,此处作目的状语,应用动词不定
式to give。
2.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Those cultural elements have increased
Stratford's international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors
walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________
(find) the connection between the two great writers.
to find
解析:考查非谓语动词。be amazed to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“对做某
事感到惊讶”,空处应用动词不定式作原因状语。
3.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)_________(recall) watching a Chinese opera
version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting
Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts
of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the
Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.”
Recalling
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动词;且主语
Edmondson与动词recall之间为主动关系,应用现在分词形式作状语。
动词不 定式作 状语 作目的状语, 有时用in order to或so as to,但so as to不用于句首
作结果状语,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语,常用结构enough to、
so/such...as to、too...to...、only to等
动词不 定式作 状语 作原因状语, 此时常与表示情感的形容词连用, 如glad、 happy、
frightened、 surprised等
分词作 状语 分词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。现在分词所表示
的动作与其逻辑主语构成主动关系;过去分词所表示的动作与其逻
辑主语构成被动关系
独立主格结 构作状语 作状语的动词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致,而是带有自己的
逻辑主语,即“名词/代词+分词(短语)”
独立成分作 状语 to tell (you) the truth(老实说)、to be honest
(老实说)、to begin with(首先)、to make matters
worse(更糟糕的是)、to sum up(总之)、 to be brief
(简言之)、considering that/given that(考虑到,鉴于)、
generally speaking(一般来说)、judging by/from
(根据……来判断)、providing/provided that/supposing that
(假设)、compared with/to(与……相比)
续表
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(外研选必一 U5)Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their
changing environments It was just an idea, but enough__________
(inspire) Darwin to look for more evidence.
to inspire
解析:考查非谓语动词。此处为enough to do sth.结构,意为“足够做某事”,
空处作结果状语。
2.(外研选必一 U5)This fungal (真菌的) network links the roots of
different plants to each other._______(use) the wood wide web, plants
can share information and even food with each other.
Using
解析:考查非谓语动词。空处作方式状语,与其逻辑主语plants之间为主动
关系,应用现在分词形式。
3.________(locate) in a naturally deep and round karst depression in
Southwest China's Guizhou Province, FAST started formal operation in
January 2020.
Located
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动词,动词
locate和句子主语FAST之间为被动关系,应用动词-ed形式作状语。单词置
于句首,首字母应大写。
PART
03
考点三 非谓语动词作定语
1.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The latest ___________ (engineer) techniques
are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also
beautiful.
engineering
解析:考查非谓语动词。 分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后的名词
techniques,在句中作定语,说明名词的作用,应用动名词engineering。
2.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion,
________(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden,
just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
inspired
解析:考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动
词;inspire与逻辑主语a six-meter-tall pavilion之间为动宾关系,应用过去
分词形式作后置定语。
3.(2024·浙江卷1月)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have
started selling chicken or salad in packs_________(design) with two
halves containing separate portions (份).
designed
解析:考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处应用非谓语
动词;动词design和逻辑主语packs之间为动宾关系,用过去分词形式作后
置定语。
4.(2022 ·全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently
hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step __________ (journey)
the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
to journey
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,journey在此为动
词,表示“旅行”,step前面有序数词,应用动词不定式作后置定语。
动词不定式作 定语 表示动作即将发生
多用于ability、ambition、attempt、chance、courage、
decision、desire、determination、effort、reason、time、
tradition等词后
多用于被序数词、the only、the last、the right或形容词
最高级修饰的名词后
动名词作定语 表示所修饰名词的用途
分词作定语 现在分词表示主动、正在进行;过去分词表示被动、完成
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(外研选必一 U6)To get this job, the candidates had to make a short
video _________(show) how much they knew about the Great Barrier
Reef.
showing
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作定语,修饰 a short
video,两者构成主动关系,应用现在分词形式。
2.(译林选必二 U1)In addition to making people aware of a product or
service, a successful advertisement will also create a desire _______
(buy), thus boosting business.
to buy
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作定语修饰desire,应用
动词不定式。
3.(北师大选必二 U6)Despite the challenges, there have been some
highly successful films______(make) from popular books.
made
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作定语,修饰 films,两者
构成被动关系,应用过去分词形式。
4.(译林选必二 U1)In just one day, a person can see hundreds of
__________(market) messages.
marketing
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作定语,修饰messages,表
示信息的内容,应用动名词形式。
5.(外研选必一U6)The first landmark________ (catch) my eye is the
splendid Qingshuihe Bridge, the world's longest bridge_____(build) over
permafrost.
to catch
built
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,两个空都作后置定语。第一
个空修饰landmark,其前有序数词修饰,应用动词不定式;第二个空修饰
bridge,两者构成被动关系,应用过去分词形式。
PART
04
考点四 非谓语动词作宾语
1.(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any
level, the national parks, in particular, tend ________ (catch) our
attention because of their large size and variety.
to catch
解析:考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动
词,作动词tend的宾语。tend to do sth.意为“往往会做某事”,为固定用法。
2.(2023 ·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)To eat one, you have to decide whether
_______(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking
a spill (溢出).
to bite
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语动词,且与
whether连用构成“疑问词+to do”结构,作decide的宾语。
3.(2023 ·全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two
years_________(record) everything I discovered.
recording
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动词。spend
time (in) doing sth.为固定句型,意为“花费时间做某事”。
要点一
作动词的宾语
只跟动词不 定式 agree(同意)、attempt(尝试)、choose(选择;宁愿)、 decline(拒绝)、determine(下决心)、fail(未做成)、 manage(设法做成)、offer(主动提出)、prepare (准备)、pretend(假装)、promise(承诺)、refuse (拒绝)、tend(往往会)、volunteer(志愿)
只跟动名词 admit(承认)、advise/suggest(建议)、advocate (支持)、appreciate(感激)、avoid/escape(避免)、 consider(仔细考虑)、delay/postpone(推迟)、deny (否认)、enjoy(享受,喜欢)、finish(完成)、imagine (想象)、
只跟动名词 include(包括)、involve(包含)、keep(继续)、mention (提到)、mind(介意)、miss(错过)、practise (练习)、resist(抵制,忍住)、risk(冒险)
续表
既可以跟动词 不定式又可以 跟动名词 意义无 区别 begin/start(开始)、 like/love(喜欢)、
continue(继续)、 intend(打算)、 prefer
(更喜欢)
续表
既可以跟动词 不定式又可以 跟动名词 意义有 区别 stop to do sth.停下来做另一件事
stop doing sth.停下正在做的事
go on to do sth.继续去做另一件事
go on doing sth.继续做正在做的事
续表
既可以跟动词 不定式又可以 跟动名词 意义有 区别 remember to do sth.记得要去做某事
remember doing sth.记得已经做过某事
forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事
forget doing sth.忘记已经做过某事
regret to say/inform...遗憾地说/告知/通知……
regret doing sth.后悔已经做过某事
续表
既可以跟动词 不定式又可以 跟动名词 意义有 区别 mean to do sth.打算做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
can't help (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事
can't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事
try to do sth.努力做某事
try doing sth.尝试做某事
续表
要点二 作介词的宾语:介词之后常用动名词作宾语。
要点三 it作形式宾语:动词不定式或动名词作宾语时,如果宾语后带有宾语
补足语,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语后置,构成结构:动词+it+宾语补足
语(adj./n.)+动词不定式/动名词。(具体用法见代词之it的用法)
要点四 固定结构作宾语:“疑问词+不定式”短语可作宾语。
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(人教选必一 U1)One medical text from the fourth century
suggested______(use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a
fever.
using
解析:考查非谓语动词。suggest doing sth.意为“建议做某事”。
2.(译林选必一 U1)If we grow up eating certain foods in our family,
then those foods tend____________(link) with positive emotions.
to be linked
解析:考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth.意为“往往会做某事”。link与其逻
辑主语those foods构成被动关系,表示把食物和积极的情绪联系起来,应用
动词不定式的被动式。
3.(外研选必一U6)Key duties include_________(explore) the islands
of the Great Barrier Reef and ________(find) out what the area has to
offer.
exploring
finding
解析:考查非谓语动词。include doing sth.意为“包括做某事”。
PART
05
考点五 非谓语动词作补足语
1.(2023 ·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)No matter where I buy them, though, one
steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy,and so I am
always left ________(want) more next time.
wanting
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词,空处应
用非谓语动词,want与I之间为主动关系,应用现在分词作主语补足语。
“leave sb. doing...”意为“使某人处于……状态”。
2.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Orange trees make great gifts and you see them many
times _________(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good
fortune.
decorated
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句中them指代orange trees,
与decorate之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。
要点一
非谓语动词作宾语补足语
动词不 定式作 宾语补 足语 advise、allow、ask、beg、cause、drive、encourage、expect、
force、invite、order、permit、recommend、require、teach、
tell、want等词后常跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语
感官动词feel、hear、listen to、look at、observe、see、notice、
watch以及使役动词let、have、make等词后常跟不带to的动词不
定式作宾语补足语
现在分词 作宾语补 足语 现在分词形式作宾语补足语表示主动、进行。常用现在分词
形式作宾语补足语的有feel、catch、find、listen to/hear、
have、keep、get、leave、see、watch、look at、observe、
notice等
过去分词 作宾语补 足语 过去分词形式作宾语补足语表示被动、完成。常用过去分词
形式作宾语补足语的动词有have、make、get、find、see、
notice、watch、hear、feel、want、like等
续表
要点二
非谓语动词作主语补足语
在“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,如果变为被动语态,则需要将宾语
前置,变成主语,此时,原来的宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。含有动词不定
式作主语补足语的句型:Sb./Sth.be said/believed/known/
supposed/reported/considered/thought+to do/to have done/to be done+其他.
要点三
with复合结构
1.with+宾语+to do,表示动作还未发生。
2.with+宾语+doing,表示主动、动作正在进行。
3.with+宾语+done,表示被动、动作已经完成。
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(外研选必一 U1)We have to be very sensitive and work closely with
the doctors and nurses, who keep us________ (update) on each patient.
updated
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作宾语us的补足语,两者
之间为被动关系,表示“使我们被提供最新信息”,应用过去分词形式。
2.(外研选必一 U3)Despite his father's successful career, Stephen was
thought by many people, including his high school teammates and
coaches,______(be) too short, too thin and too weak to follow in his
father's footsteps.
to be
解析:考查非谓语动词。此处为“be thought to do...”结构,空处用动词不定
式作主语 Stephen的补足语。
3.(外研选必一 U5)With us long_________ (believe) that talking
plants are fantasy, new research has revealed something amazing: it
appears that plants can communicate after all.
believing
解析:考查非谓语动词。“With us long ___ that talking plants are
fantasy”是with复合结构。空处作宾语us的补足语,两者之间为主动关系,应
用现在分词形式。
PART
06
考点六 非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.(2022 ·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The GPNP's main goal is ___________
(improve) connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant
pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
to improve
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动词作表语。
名词goal作主语时,通常用动词不定式作表语。
2.(2022 ·浙江卷1月)__________(travel) to conferences, lectures,
workshops, and the like—frequently by plane—is viewed as important for
scientists to get together and exchange information.
Travelling
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动词,应用动
词-ing形式作主语。单词置于句首,首字母应大写。
要点一
非谓语动词作主语
动词不定式作主语 表示具体的、一次性的动作
动名词作主语 表示抽象的、习惯性的、经常性的笼统的动作或泛
指某动作或行为
【名师点津】 非谓语单词作主语时,为了保持句子结构的平衡,常以it作
形式主语,代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型:
(1)It's+adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(+for/of sb.) +to do
sth.
(2)It's no use/no good/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth.
(3)It takes sb.+some time/money+to do sth.
(4)It's worthwhile doing/to do sth.
要点二
非谓语动词作表语
动词不定式作 表语 表示将来
对主语作进一步说明,其主语通常为aim、decision、
dream、idea、intention、plan、purpose、wish等
动名词作表语 说明主语的内容或性质,无正在进行之意,主语和表语可互
换位置
分词作表语 说明主语的性质或特征,通常可直接看作形容词,现在分词
常译为“令人……的”,多用于修饰物;过去分词常译为“感
到……的”,多用于修饰人
【即时演练】——单句语法填空
1.(外研选必二 U1)In most countries,________(turn) 18 marks the
start of adulthood.
turning
解析:考查非谓语动词。“____18” 作主语,意为“年满18岁”,表示抽象动作,
应使用动名词形式。
2.(北师大选必二 U6)Although highly regarded books do not always
make good films, it is safe_______(say) that great films may be made
from not particularly good books.
to say
解析:考查非谓语动词。此处为“it is+adj.+to do sth.”结构,其中it 作形式
主语,不定式作真正的主语。
3.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into
his eyes so he doesn't feel __________(challenge).
challenged
解析:考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,此处表示“不直视他的眼睛,他
就不会感到被挑战”。feel为系动词,应用过去分词challenged作表语,表示
“被挑战的”。
PART
07
高分策略 精思维 解题势如破竹(共11张PPT)
语法串讲
板块一 词法
奠基篇 词性及构词法
第一讲 词性
英语语法分为词法和句法。词法中的词性知识是理解句法的重要基础。
因此,在英语学习中,掌握单词的词性非常重要。同一个单词,如果词性
不同,在上下文句子中的词义就有所不同。通过掌握词性知识,考生能够
更加准确地理解同一个单词在不同短语、不同句子和不同语境中的含义。
培养准确的词性意识有助于考生灵活、准确地应用词汇,为各种时态、语
态及从句等的学习打好基础。
词类 功能/用法 示例
实词 名词 作主语 Cities usually have a good reason for being
where they are.
作宾语 They had a small pond where they raised
fish.
作表语 The theme of the show is environmental
protection.
作补足语 We elected Lucy our monitor yesterday.
词类 功能/用法 示例
实词 代词 作主语 He has adapted himself to the life on the
island.
作宾语 I hope the change will not cause you too
much trouble.
作表语 —Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last
stop —Oh dear! It's mine.
作定语 I went to the countryside with my father to
visit my grandparents.
续表
词类 功能/用法 示例
实词 动词 作谓语 He declined, fearing to cause her
inconvenience.
作非谓语 Knowing that you are interested in Chinese
history, I feel proud.
形容词 作定语 If you would like to bring a gift, fruit is
usually a good choice.
作表语 It's great to hear you were invited to a
Chinese friend's home.
作补 足语 主语补足语 The cup was found broken.
宾语补足语 I find it amazing that they're still
together.
词类 功能/用法 示例
实词 副词 作状语 Many of the Tang poems have greatly
influenced Chinese literature.
作表语 (极少数副词) The chance was there, but I didn't take
it.
作定语 (极少数副词) The water there is not safe for drinking.
续表
词类 功能/用法 示例
实词 数词 作主语 It is said that thirteen is an unlucky
number.
作宾语 —How many do you want —I want
two.
作定语 In the summer holiday following my
eighteenth birthday, I took driving
lessons.
作表语 She was the first in the writing
competition.
续表
词类 功能/用法 示例
虚词 冠词 定冠词 The world is a stage and every man
plays his part.
不定冠词 She bought a French-Chinese
dictionary and an English-Chinese
dictionary.
续表
词类 功能/用法 示例
虚词 介词 接名词 I'm writing to ask for your help.
接代词 Hope to hear from you soon.
接动名词 Yesterday, he was occupied in
translating last week's report.
接从句 At this level, listening means trying
to find meaning in what you hear.
续表
词类 功能/用法 示例
虚词 连词 连单词 Which do you like better, apples or
oranges
连短语 We do morning exercises every day
and take PE classes every week.
连句子 Not only did she win the first prize
in the competition, but she also
received a full scholarship.
感叹词 Hi, there! I haven't seen you for
ages.
续表(共17张PPT)
语法精练 重实效 演练核心要点
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2025·浙江慈溪中学4月模拟)According to historical records, elders
over 70 years old enjoyed special treatment and anyone not showing
respect to them __________________ (punish),which proves that
respecting the elders was set in law back then.
would be punished
解析:考查动词的时态和语态。根据句中隐含的时间提示historical records
以及 back then 可以判断,此处是在介绍过去的情况,且空处表示“过去将会
受到惩罚”,应用一般过去将来时。主语anyone与 punish 构成被动关系,应
用被动语态。
2.(2025 ·云南一模)The school will use the compost (堆肥) on
plants around campus. Some ______________(offer) to families that
want to use it at home, and whatever is left will be donated.
will be offered
解析:考查动词的时态与语态。根据will use 和 will be donated 可知,应
用一般将来时;主语Some指的是前一句中的compost,与 offer 构成被动关
系,应用被动语态。
3.(2025·北京人大附中三模)Before I joined her class, I ____________
(doubt) my ability as a writer. Mrs. Bailey persuaded me to join the
poetry society and lit in me a fire for literature.
had doubted
解析:考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境中的时间状语“Before I joined
her class”可知,“进入她的班级”这件事是过去发生的,“怀疑”发生在“进入她
的班级”之前,即过去的过去,且doubt与主语I构成主动关系,应用过去完成时。
4.(2025·宁波镇海中学首考模拟)Cursive (草书)__________(make)
a comeback at present as states including New Hampshire, Utah and,
most recently, California are embracing handwriting requirements in their
educational standards.
is making
解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语at present及语境可知,空
处应用现在进行时;主语Cursive是不可数名词,be动词应用is。
5.(2025·宁波十校二模)Fortunately, steps ________________(take) to
save the Siberian tiger in recent years and as a consequence numbers are
on the rise.
have been taken
解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in recent years可
知,空处应用现在完成时;主语steps和take之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;
主语steps为复数,助动词应用have。
6.(2025·福建高中毕业班适应性练习)In China, Peking Opera is an art
requiring lifelong devotion and the effect of the performance largely
________(depend) on the actors' inner strength and acting skills.
depends
解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知,此处描述客观事实,应
用一般现在时;主语“the effect of the performance”为单数,谓语动词用第
三人称单数形式。
7.(2025·广东5月联考)In each corner of the Forbidden City, lifelike
dragons in various shapes can ________(see), both showcasing delicate
craftsmanship and carrying deep historical and cultural significance.
be seen
解析:考查被动语态。情态动词can后应用动词原形。主语dragons与动词
see 之间为被动关系,“情态动词+be done”构成被动语态形式。
8.(2025·浙江九校5月联考)As Chinese railway technology ________
(mature), the development of the high-speed rail system became
increasingly localized, until the all-Chinese Fuxing Hao____________
(create) and rolled into production in 2017.
matured
was created
解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据in 2017可知,此处介绍中
国高铁系统的发展历史,应用一般过去时。As 从句的主语Chinese railway
technology与动词mature之间为主动关系,应用matured ; until 从句的主语
the all-Chinese Fuxing Hao与动词 create之间为被动关系,且主语为单数,
应用was created。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·济南摸底考试)China has a unique and time-honored
architectural tradition, dating back to the Zhou Dynasty. Since ancient
times, several types of architecture have been 1.___________
(traditional) built by the Chinese. Each of these kinds of construction
has different features.
traditionally
The wooden architecture has distinctive features 2.__________
changed little from the Zhou Dynasty. The buildings 3.________________
(construct) strong enough to survive natural disasters and were easier
to rebuild. A 4.__________ (notice) feature of the wooden buildings
was roofs with wide eaves (屋檐) and slightly upturned corners. The
builders considered 5.___ important to cover wooden buildings with
6.____________ (overhang) roofs. This was to protect the building
from weathering since wood got damaged much 7.______ (fast) when
it was wet.
which/that
were constructed
noticeable
it
overhanging
faster
Another feature is the south facing orientation (方向). When
courtyards were built with taller buildings in the north 8._____ shorter
walls facing east and west in the south, it allowed the maximum
amount of sunlight 9._________ (warm) the building during the winter
months. This was 10._____ the door and windows of the main building
faced southwards and opened over the inner courtyard.
and
to warm
why
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国木结构建筑的特
点及设计原理。
1.___________
traditionally
解析:考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,此处应用副词traditionally修饰
动词built。
2.__________
which/that
解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为
features,指物,在从句中作主语,应用which或that引导该从句。
3.________________
were constructed
解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓
语,结合下文中的were easier可知,此处陈述过去发生的事实,时态应用
一般过去时;主语The buildings与动词construct之间为被动关系,应用被动
语态;且主语为复数,be动词应用were。
4.__________
noticeable
解析:考查词性转换。根据空前的冠词A以及空后的名词feature可知,空
处应用形容词noticeable来修饰名词feature。
5.___
it
解析:考查代词。分析句子结构可知,空处作consider的宾语,真正的宾语
为后面的动词不定式短语,空处应用it作形式宾语。
6.____________
overhanging
解析:考查词性转换。根据句子结构可知,空处修饰名词roofs,应用形容
词形式overhanging作定语,表示“悬垂的”。
7.______
faster
解析:考查形容词的比较等级。根据句意及空前的much可知,空处应用形
容词的比较级。
8._____
and
解析:考查连词。分析句子结构可知,前后为并列关系,应用and连接。
9._________
to warm
解析:考查非谓语动词。“allow...to do sth.”是固定搭配,意为“允许……做
某事”。
10._____
why
解析:考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处为表语从句,且从句表原
因,应用why引导。

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