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(共23张PPT)
人教版2019必修第二册
Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
Discovering Useful Structures
Learning objectives:
At the end of this lesson, students are able to:
Identify the form, meaning and function of restrictive relative clauses by using the methods of observation-discovery-induction-practice-application
Use relative clauses to describe people or things in greater detail both in oral and written way.
Lead-in：
Go!
What is the relative clause(定从)？
eg. She is the one that you never forget.
定语
从句
结构：
从句
关系词
复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子
先行词
关系词
被修饰的名词或代词
引导定语从句
替代先行词
充当句子成分
关系代词
关系副词
who whom which that whose
when where why
定义：
关系副词＝介词+关系代词（which/whom）
Review of Attributive Clause：
关系代词的用法
指代内容 功能（所做成分） 是否可省略
that
which
who
whom
whose
人；物
物
人
人
(人/物)的
主语,宾语
主语,宾语
主语,宾语
宾语
定语
作宾语可省
作宾语可省
作宾语可省
可省
不可省
1先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little,
much 等不定代词时。
Iam sure she has something(that) you can borrow
2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。
I've read all the books that are not mine.
3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the first book (that) he has read.
4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very book that belongs to him.
5. 先行词既有人又有物的时候，只能用that。
I can remember well the persons and somepictures that I saw in the room.
特殊：先行词指物时，只用that， 不用which的特殊情况
6. 先行词是who或which开头的疑问句中，用that
Who is the girl that drove the car
7.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用 that，而不用which。
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
8. 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom.
Is there anyone here who will go with you
9.关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。
The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。
The students who are in Grade Three are rgoing toclimb the hill tomorrow.
Review of Attributive Clause：
关系副词的用法
时间状语
不可省
地点状语
不可省
原因状语
不可省
why
where
when
是否可省略
功能（做什么成分
The relative adverb (关系副词)
Review of Attributive Clause：
定语从句的引导词
定
语
从
句
的
引
导
词
关系
代词
关系
副词
指人
指物
who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，
that(主语、宾语), whose(定语)
that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)
whose(定语)
where (地点状语)
when (时间状语)
why (原因状语)
指地点
指时间
指原因
Review of Attributive Clause：
关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句时, 关系副词也可用
“介词+关系代词(whom/which)”代替
whom
which
当先行词是物时，用介词 + which引导定语从句，例如：
This is a short story book from ______ I learned a lot.
Do you know the girl with ________ our teacher is talking
当先行词是人时，用介词 + whom 引导定语从句，例如：
Ａs的用法
关系代词as在非限制性定语从句中指代整件事，充当从句中的主语或者宾语，翻译为“正如”。
1. As is known to all, you have got 2 prizes in the military training.
2. As is expected, he married Helen.
3. As we all know, he is a famous scientist.
As引导限制性定语从句时，经常和the same, such, as一起搭配使用，共同构成一个固定词组。 as既可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。不能省略。
She has the same book as you have.
I’ve never seen so clever a man as he is.
Preposition + Relative Pronoun：
介词 + 关系代词
1. What is the youngest age a person can be employed
2. I will never forget the day he passed away.
3. He is the man she went to Europe.
4. I made a list of the members I had received replies.
at which
on which
from whom
with whom
当关系代词作介词宾语时，就出现了“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句。作介词宾语的关系代词通常用which或whom, 不能用that。
“介词 + which”引导的定语从句修饰指物的先行词，
“介词 + whom”引导的定语从句修饰指人的先行词。
介词+关系词”的用法
1、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which 或 whom。
如：The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
→The school in which he once studied is very famous.
Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
→Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
→We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
Preposition + Relative Pronoun：
2、关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系。
关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。如：when=in/on/at…+which, where=in/on/at…+which, why=for+which
如：I won’t forget the date when( on which) I was born.
This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.
I don’t know the reason why (for which) he hasn’t come today.
Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin.
介词+关系词”的用法
Preposition + Relative Pronoun：
注意：
1). 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
如：This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (√)
This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
2). 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose
介词+关系词”的用法
Preposition + Relative Pronoun：
如：The man with whom you talked is my friend. (√)
The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)
The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (√)
The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3).“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
如：He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
4). 把握“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用
介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。
如：That”s the reason for which he was late for school. This is the book on which I spent 8 Yuan.
Preposition + Relative Pronoun：
Preposition + Relative Pronoun：
介词的选择 Ⅰ
(1)Yesterday we visited the West Lake ___________ Hangzhou is famous.
(2) He is the student___________we should learn.
1. 与从句中的谓语动词或形容词搭配
for which
from whom
Preposition + Relative Pronoun：
介词的选择 Ⅱ
I can’t remember the age _________ he won the prize.
I remember the days ____________I lived here.
I don’t like the way in which / that / 不填 he speaks.
2. 与先行词搭配
注意：way (方式)为先行词，且关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句的引导词用in which或that或省略。
during which
at which
Preposition + Relative Pronoun：
介词的选择 Ⅲ
1. ) This is the pilot _________ my brother has worked for ten years.
(6) This is the pilot ___________ my son was saved.
3. 看句意
看前看后看意思
with whom
by whom
介词选择的三原则：一先二动三意义。
一先：根据先行词的搭配习惯来确定。
二动：根据从句中谓语动词,形容词的搭配习惯来确定。
三意义：根据从句所表达的意义来确定。
1. Beijing is the place _______________ I was born.
2. Is this the reason ______________ he refused our offer
3. I will never forget the day _________
______ I first met you on the seashore.
in which
for which
on
which
Fill in the blanks.
课堂练习
Preposition + Relative Pronoun：
1. This is the rock ___________ the boy fell down into the sea.
2. The film star ___________ we talked a lot yesterday will give us a speech tomorrow.
3. The West Lake _________ Hangzhou is famous in the world will be more beautiful.
4. The subject ________ Xiao Wang is good is physics.
from which
about whom
for which
at which
难点巩固
5. The reason _________ he could not go there was that his grades was too low.
6. The professor __________ Mr. Smith shook hands yesterday has made new discoveries in science.
7. Could you tell me the day ________ you arrived
8. I will treasure the days ________ I lived here.
with whom
on which
in which
for which
Thank You !
Discovering Useful Structures
人教版2019必修第二册

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