资源简介

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B1U5 Languages around the world
The Chinese Writing System:
Connecting the Past and the Present
Reading and Thinking
China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times，despite the many ups and downs in its history.
There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
be known for 因...而出名
which引导定从，修饰先行词civilisation
中国因其古代文明闻名于世，它一直延续到现代，尽管它在历史上经历了许多起起伏伏。这种可能是有很多原因的，但主要因素之一是汉字的书写体系。
沉浮
关系副词why引导定从，在从句中充当原因状语
一直
Language Points
one of +名复
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language.
It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today's hanzi.
起初，书面汉语是一种基于图形的语言。它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期，动物骨头和贝壳上面被古代中国人刻着符号。在今天的汉字里仍然可以看到一些古代的符号。
介词+关系词引导定从，which指代animal bones and shellls
date back (to) 追溯到=date from...
can be seen 被动语态
最初
adj. 以...为基础的
some of+名复, 一些....
based adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的 P119
·base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础 n.底部;根据;基础
·basic adj.基本的;基础的
·basically adv.基本地
·basis n.基础
[语境运用] 语段填空/句式升级/完成句子
Our friendship is 　　　　 on the 　　　 trust and has a strong 　　　　,
which forms the 　 　 of our mutual support and is 　 　 unbreakable.
(base)
based
basic
base
basis
basically
adj. 打不破的
date back (to...)追溯到 P120
温馨提示
date back to和date from一般不用于进行时态。在句中作定语时，常用现在分词形式。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
The Dragon Boat Festival,which 　　　(date) back to the Warring States Periods according to most people,is one of the most important festivals in China.
The White Horse Temple,　　 　 (date) back to the Eastern Han Dynasty,
has a history of more than 1,900 years.
dates
dating
By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600—1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the
system developed into different forms, as it was a time when
people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of
dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221-207 BCE).
Language Points
到商朝(约公元前1600年-前1046年)时，这些符号已经演变成一套成熟的书写体系。在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，从而导致不同方言和汉字变体的产生。然而，这在秦朝(公元前221年一前207年)秦始皇统治时期发生了变化。
过去完成时：had+过去分词
adj. 成熟的，发达的
as 引导原因状语从句；when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time
现在分词短语作结果状语
=a variety of 各种各样的
variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化 P121
·various adj.不同的;各种各样的 ·vary vi.变化;不同
[造句] 北京有各种各样的旅游景点和历史古迹。
There are varieties of tourist attractions and historic sites in Beijing.
温馨提示
1. “a variety of/varieties of +名词”作主语时,谓语动词原则上与它所修饰的名词的数保持一致;
2. “the variety of+复数名词”意为“……的品种”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
归纳拓展
·a variety of (=varieties of)种类繁多的;各种各样的
·vary from...to...在……到……之间变动
vary with...随……而变化
vary in...在……方面不同
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to 　 　　 (vary) age groups.
Though Tom and Tim are twins,they vary 　　　　 character.
Changes in price normally vary 　　 　　 changes of supply and need.
Varieties of books 　　　　 (be) sold at the book fair.
various
in
with
are
Emperor Qinshihuan united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That
writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and
culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect
they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
秦始皇统一七个诸侯国后，在这个统一的国家里，汉字开始朝着一个方向发展。这个书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍然能通过书写(汉字)进行交流。
Language Points
关系副词where引导定语从句，修饰one unified country, where在从句中作地点状语
V. 使团结/统一
adj. 统一的
be of n.= be adj.(was important)
no matter where/what 引导让步状语从句
重点句式
be of+抽象名词 P123
▲
“be of+抽象名词”相当于“be+形容词”,这一结构可以说明主语的性质。常见的抽象名词有importance、value、use、help、benefit、significance等,这些名词可用great、little、some、any、no、not、much等修饰,用以说明程度。
[例] (应用文写作之建议信)Learning to discipline ourselves is of great benefit to our English learning.
学会自律对我们的英语学习大有益处。
= is beneficial to
[语境运用] 完成句子
(读后续写之情感描写)When learning that 　　 　
　(这没用),I felt a lump in my throat,tears welling up in my eyes.
(应用文写作之投稿)From my point of view,keeping the balance between online learning and our lives 　
(非常重要).
(应用文写作之感谢信)The advice you gave us proved to 　 　
　　　 　　　 (很有价值),without which we couldn’t have achieved our dreams.
it was of no use/it was not
useful
is of great importance/is very important
be of great
value/very valuable
“no matter+特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句
▲
归纳拓展
此句中的“no matter+特殊疑问词”结构在句中作状语,其用法如下:
“no matter+特殊疑问词(what、who、where、when等)” 引导让步状语从句,可放在主句前或主句后,相当于“特殊疑问词+ -ever
(whatever、whoever、wherever、whenever等)”。
[语境运用] 句型转换/完成句子
No matter when you need help,I sincerely hope that you can contact me without hesitation.
→　 ,I sincerely hope that you can contact me without hesitation.
Whenever you need help
汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。现代中国人可以阅读古代中国人撰写的经典作品。中国人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式--书法。书法已经成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has
become an important part of Chinese culture.
Language Points
介词+关系代词引导定从，修饰 means
与...有联系/连接
which引导定从，修饰 the classic works
对...高度重视
which定从，修饰先行词Chinese calligraphy
作为...而出名
means n.方式;方法;途径 P121
温馨提示
means意为“方式; 方法”时,单复数同形。
若all/some/several/many means作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;
若every/each/one/a means作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
　　 　 this means students can get some social experience useful to their future development.
Watching films is regarded as 　　　　 good means of relaxation.
They have tried many means,which 　　　　 (be) of little use.
More than one means 　　　　　　　　 (try) to prevent the air pollution so far.
By
a
are
has been tried
regard n.尊重;关注;关心;(pl.regards)问候 vt.把……视为;看待
·regarding prep.关于;至于
·regardless adv.不管怎样;无论如何;不顾
regard作“问候,致意”讲时,总是用复数形式。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The giant panda is regarded 　　　 the symbol of Chengdu.
The government has stated its strong position 　　　 　(regard) the prevention of river pollution.
Give my 　　　　 (regard) to your brother when you see him.
as
regarding
regards
struggle n.& vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗
归纳拓展
·struggle for 为……而奋斗/斗争
struggle with/against与……做斗争
struggle to do sth努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来
·it’s a struggle for sb to do sth对某人来说做某事真是件难事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(读后续写之动作描写) Despite the serious injury,Lucy 　
(挣扎着站起来) and limped to the entrance.
struggled to
her feet
长难句分析 《导与练》P124
[教材原句] Over the years,the system developed into different forms,
as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
尝试分析:本句是一个主从复合句。 为as引导的原因状语从句,该从句中 为when引导的定语从句, 先行词是a time;
为现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。
自主翻译:在随后的年代里,这一体系发展成不同的形式,这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔,产生了不同方言和汉字变体。
[语境运用] 情境写作
(应用文写作之人物介绍) 在接下来的几年里, 这位作家创作了许多新奇的故事。因为有很多人喜欢他的书, 所以他受到激励, 创作更多不同的作品。
In the following years, the writer produced many new amazing stories,
,
.
as there were many people who like his books
inspiring him to creat more different works
激励了他创作更多不同的作品(前句结果)
Today, the Chinese Writing System is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an
increasing number of international students are beginning to
appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.
今天，汉字仍然是中国文化的一个重要组成部分。随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
Language Points
as引导时间状从，表示“随着”
a number of 许多的
begin to do sth. 开始做某事
v. 欣赏
n. appreciation
adj. appreciative

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