Unit 1 School Is Interesting Lesson 5 Grammar导学案 中职英语外研版(2021)基础模块1

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Unit 1 School Is Interesting Lesson 5 Grammar导学案 中职英语外研版(2021)基础模块1

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Unit 1 School Is Interesting
Lesson 5 Grammar导学案
一般现在时和主谓一致
目标导航
知识与技能:能够掌握一般现在时的用法及主谓一致的要点。
过程与方法:能够正确运用一般现在时和主谓一致来谈论人和事。
情感态度与价值观:树立信心,形成对中等职业学校课程的认识和理解。
课前自主学习
Task 温故知新
翻译。
We often play basketball together.
He gets up at six o'clock every day.
They don't watch TV on Mondays.
My father is a doctor.
She doesn't like English.
课堂探究
Task 知识内化
1.一般现在时
(1)概念
一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。
(2)基本用法
①表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频率的时间状语连用,如always,usually,often,sometimes,occasionally,every morning/night/evening/day week/year,from time to time,twice a week,once a month,seldom,rarely,hardly等。例如:
I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning.我每天早上7点左右离开家去学校。
②描述主语的状态、性质、特征、能力等。例如:
Wang An speaks English very well.王安英语说很好。
③表示客观事实或普遍真理,或表示格言或警句。例如:
The Earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。
(3)句型表达方式
①肯定句
a.be 动词型为“主语++am/is/are+其他”。例如:
I am a teacher.我是一名教师。
She is a nurse.她是一名护士。
They are students.他们是学生。
b.实义动词型(do型)为“主语+实义动词+其他(主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式:主语为其他人称单复数时,谓语动词用原形)”。例如:
I/We/You/They/My parents work in the factory.
我/我们/你(们)/他们/我的父母在这家工厂工作。
She/He/Jim works in the factory.她/他/吉姆在这家工厂工作。
②否定句
a.be 动词型为“主语+am/is/are not十其他”。is not,are not可分别缩写为isn't.aren't(am not 没有缩写)。例如:
I am not happy.我不高兴。
Bob is not/isn't a good boy.鲍勃不是一个好男孩。
Those oranges are not/aren't mine.那些橘子不是我的。
b.实义动词型(do型)为“主语+do/does not+其他”。do not,does not 可分别缩写为don't,doesn't(当主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词否定形式为doesn't)。例如:
We do not/don't go to school on foot.我们不步行上学。
She Gina does not/doesn't like apples.她/吉娜不喜欢苹果。
③一般疑问句
a.be 动词型为“Be+主语+其他?”。
肯定回答:Yes,主语+be.
否定回答:No.主语+be not.(回答一般疑问句时,is not 和 are not 要缩写)
例如:
-Are you students
-Yes,we are./No. we aren't.
-Are they good friends
-Yes, they are./No.they aren't.
-Is the cat hers
-Yes,it is./No. it isn't.
b.实义动词型(do型)为“Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他?”。
肯定回答:Yes.主语+do/does.
否定回答:No,主语+don't/doesn't.
2.主谓一致
(1)定义
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上要与主语保持一致。
(2)基本原则
①就近/就远原则
a.就近原则
由 either... or, neither... nor, not only... but also.There/Here be...等连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由离它最近的主语决定。例如:
Either you or he is wrong. 不是你错就是他错。
Either he or you are wrong. 不是他错就是你错。
Not only Jim but also his friends enjoy reading.
不仅吉姆而且他的朋友也喜欢阅读。
There is a pen and two books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。
b.就远原则
由 as well as,with, along with, together with but. except, besides,rather than 等连接两个主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由离它最远的主语决定。例如:
The boy,as well as his parents, wants to leave.这个男孩和他的父母都想离开。
The teacher together with the students, has gone to Beijing.
老师和学生们一起去了北京。
Nobody but two students is in the classroom.教室里只有两个学生。
Jack, rather than his brothers, is to blame.
应该受到责备的是杰克,而不是他的兄弟们。
②语法一致原则
谓语动词与其主语在人称和数方面保持一致。
a.someone,anyone,everything.nothing 等不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
Anything is possible.一切皆有可能。
Something is wrong with my computer.我的电脑出问题了。
b.“each/either/neither/one/every one+of+名词"作主语,谓语动词用单数。例如:
Each of us has a new bag.我们每个人都有一个新包。
Neither of the bags is good. 这两个包都不好。
c.动名词、动词不定式、句子作主语,谓语动词用单数。例如:
Eating vegetables is good for health.吃蔬菜对身体好。
To work out the problem is difficult.解决这个问题很难。
What he said is important for us.他说的话对我们很重要。
d.由and连接两个名词,表示两个概念时,谓语动词用复数;由and连接两个名词.表示一个概念时,谓语动词用单数。例如:
Lucy and Peter are good friends.露西和彼得是好朋友。
Both his mother and his father like China.他的父母都喜欢中国。
A knife and a fork are needed. 需要一把刀和一个叉子。(一共两件)
A knife and fork is needed.需要一副刀叉。(一共一件)
The writer and the singer are talking. 一个作家和一个歌手正在谈话。(一共两人)
The writer and singer is talking.那位作家兼歌手正在谈话。(一共一人)
e.成双成对的名词如 glass/shoes/trousers/gloves/socks/pants 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数;被 pair of修饰时,谓语动词与pair的数保持一致。例如:
My shoes are under the desk.我的鞋子在桌下。
This pair of shoes is mine. 这双鞋是我的。
Three pairs of shoes are under the desk. 三双鞋在桌下。
f.“a number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数:“the number of +复数名词"作主语,谓语动词用单数。例如:
A number of students are running on the playground.很多学生正在操场上跑步。
The number of students in our school is 3.000.我们学校学生的数量是3000。
g.“"a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词”“分数/百分数+of+名词”等作主语时,谓语动+of+名词与名词的数保持一致。例如:
Lots of people have gone to the Great Wall.很多人去了长城。
About three fourths of the earth is covered with water.
大约四分之三的地球被水覆盖。
③意义一致原则
a.集体名词,如 family,class,team,group,enemy 等作主语时,若强调整体,谓语动词用单数:若强调个体,谓语动词用复数。例如:
My family is a big one and my family are watching TV.
我家是一个大家庭,我的家人们正在看电视。
b.形单意复名词,如people,police等作主语时,谓语动词用复数;形复意单名词,如news,physics,maths,works等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如:
The people there are very friendly.那儿的人很友好。
Maths is my favorite subject.数学是我最喜欢的学科。
c.表示度量、时间、距离、价格等复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如:
Six dollars is enough.六美元就足够了。
Five years is a long time.五年是很长的时间。
d.“the+形容词”表示一类人作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:
The old are more likely catch cold.老年人更容易感冒。
The young are the flowers of our country.年轻人是我们国家的花朵。
c.四则运算作主语,谓语动词用单数。例如:
Three times four is twelve.三乘四等于十二。
Ten minus six equals four.十减六等于四。
Eight divided by two is four.八除以二等于四。

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