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(共37张PPT)
Using language：Grammar
Non-defining Attributive Clauses
Fill in the blanks.
Lead-in
(that/which)
Love is one big illusion ______I should try to forget
but there is something left in my head
You're the one _____ set it up now you're the one to make it stop
I'm the one ________ feeling lost right now
Now you want me to forget every little thing _____ you said
but there is something left in my head
I won't forget the way ______you're kissing
The feeling's so strong were lasting for so long
But I'm not the man_____ your heart is missing
That’s why you go away I know
That's why you go away
who
who’s
(that)
(that/in which)
(whom/that)
1.定语：
用来修饰/限定名词或代词的句子成分
2.定语从句：
用来修饰/限定名词或代词的一个句子
3.定语从句的结构：
先行词+关系词+缺失句子成分的句子
eg.The vacation that we are looking forward to is coming.
4.关系代词：
5.关系副词：
who，whom，whose，that，as，which
when，where，why
一.复习
1.定义
Non-defining Attributive Clauses
是对先行词加以描述、补充说明的定语从句。它不是句中不可或缺的部分，去掉此句不会影响主句意思的完整性。非限制性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号隔开。
非限制性定语从句
eg. I bought a novel yesterday，which was written by Han Han.
2.关系词
指人 指物 所属
限制性 who, whom, that which, that, as whose
非限制性 who, whom which, as whose
This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about.
The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.
Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad.
(改错) I had to fix my printer, that I bought less than a year ago.
which
指时间/ 地点 /原因
when /where /why
when/where/ for which
非限制性定语从句需要注意的问题
1.非限制性定语从句常常位于句末,但也可位于句中,
这时前后都需要用逗号隔开。
The children, who wanted to play football, were disappointed
when it rained. 那些孩子都想踢足球,（因而）因下雨感到失望。
2.“介词+关系代词”也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
先行词指人时关系代词用whom,不可用who/that;先行词指物时,关系代词用which,不能用that。
1. I have a sister who / that works in a hospital.
我有一个在医院工作的姐姐/妹妹。
2.I have a sister, who works in a hospital.
我有一个姐姐/妹妹，她在医院工作。
不只有一个姐姐/妹妹
只有一个姐姐/妹妹
1.形式上不同
区别：
2.意义不同
Restrictive relative clause
Non-restrictive relative clause
1. I saw the guy who delivers my mail
yesterday.
2. I'll always remember the river where we learned to swim.
1. Paris, where I spent six months studying,
is the most beautiful city in the world.
2. The woman ,whose children are the same
age as yours, invited us over for dinner
next week.
若去掉，不影响句子含义
若去掉，句子含义不明确
3.先行词不同
限制性定从的先行词一般是名词或代词，
非限制性定从的先行词既可以是名词或代词, 也可是整个句子。
Mexico is a city which has a lot of attractions.
He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy.
4.关系词不同
1. 在非限制性定从中，关系代词指人作主语时，只能用who；作宾语时，用whom/who，若介词提前，则必须用 whom。
This is the girl whom/that/who I met in the street.
In our class there are 39 students, of who half wear glasses.
Wang Fang passed her exam, that surprised me a great deal.
2. that不能引导非限制性定从。
whom
5.翻译不同
He is the man who lives next to me.
他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。
He is a warm-hearted man, who lives next to me.
他是个热心肠的人, 住在我的隔壁。
限制性定从译成先行词的定语：“……的 ”。
非限制性定从通常先译主句, 后译从句, 翻译成两个分句
3.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性 非限制性
形式上 不用逗号 用逗号
意义上 去掉后主句意思不完整 去掉后主句意思完整
作用 修饰限制 补充说明
先行词 词(n/pron)/短语 词/短语/整个主句
关系词 关代作宾时可省 whom作宾时可用who代 不用that, why引导
所有关代均不可省
翻译 先译从句再译先行词， ……的…… 先译先行词后译从句，形成两个分句
1. as在引导限制性定语从句
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.
He is not the same man as he was.
1. as引导限制性定语从句时，主要用于the same… as…，such… as…，so… as… 结构中。as在定语从句中既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
4. as的用法
2. as在引导非限制性定语
众所周知
正如你所知道的那样
正如所预料的那样
正如我们所期待的
正如上面所提到的
正如报道/所说的那样
正如一句谚语所说/俗话说
正如指出的
正如你所看见的
情况通常如此
as is known to all
as you know
as is expected
as we expected
as has been mentioned above
as is reported /said
as a famous saying goes
as is pointed out
as you can see=as can be seen
as is often the case
As everyone knows, China is a country with a long history.
She is a great hero, as is described in the report.
He invited me to dinner, which made me very happy.
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
1.关系词as和which在引导非限制性定语从句的区别
归纳 3：
as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时可代替整个主句。
as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的位置不同:
as引导的定语从句可置于___________________，而which引导的非限制性定语从句不可放在_______________________________。
句首、句中、句后
句首，只能放在句中、句后
5.区别
关系代词 as which
指代 引导从句时只能指代整个主句 引导从句时既可指代整个
主句，又可指代主句的一
部分（名词/代词）
位置 可位于主句之前或之后 只能位于主句之后
意义 正如，就像 这..，那...
注意：as / which 引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
① is reported, the pop star will come to Xiushui next month.
②The pop star will come to Xiushui next month, is reported.
③It was the fourth time that he had got first prize, surprised all of us.
④He published so many books, some of are still popular.
⑤Look! He wears the same kind of shoes you do.
As
as
which
which
as
PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
As or Which？
① ________is well known to us, all the earth circles the sun.
② ________is well known to us all that the earth circles the sun.
③________is well known to us all is that the earth circles
the sun.
As
众所周知的表达
It
What
5. whose的用法
1. The house is mine. The window of the house is broken.
The house whose window is broken is mine.
whose+名词可以换成the + 名词+ of which/whom。
The house，the window of which is broken, is mine.
2. Look at the girl. Her hair is long and wavy.
Look at the girl whose hair is long and wavy.
Look at the girl, the hair of whom is long and wavy.
6. 特殊情况 – way
What surprised me was not what he said but the way ______________ he said it.
The way _________________ he explained to us was quite simple.
The way __________________ he explained the sentence was easy to understand.
in which/that/不填
which/that/不填
in which/that/不填
特殊情况 – way:
way作从句中的主、宾、表 – that/which/省略
way 做状语– that/in which/省略
1. The famous basketball star, ______________ tried to make a
comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. where B. when C. which D. who
2. Have you seen the film Titanic, _________ leading actor is
world famous
A. its B. it’s C. whose D. which
Practise
3. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ______________ was very
reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
4. She heard a terrible noise, _________ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
5. I shall never forget the day ________Shen Zhou V was launched,
___________ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; which B. that; which
C. which; that D. when; that
提升题
1. Carol said the work would be done by October, ______ personally
I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
2. Dora was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course,
_________ made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
3. _______________ is mentioned above, the number of the students
in senior high schools is increasing.
A. Which B. As C. That D. It
4. I want to use the same tools _______________ used in your factory
a few days ago.
A. as was B. which was
C. as were D. which
5. He is good at English, _______ we all know.
A. that B. as C. whom D. what
真题体验
1.(2023·全国乙卷)Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones,and you get to care for them as they mature—　　　　 is part of the joy of owning plants.
which
考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。由句意可知,空处代指整个主句在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
练习题
真题体验
2.(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1,100-kilometer journey,the man Cao Shengkang,　　　　 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident,crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知,先行词为Cao Shengkang,指人,且在从句中作主语。故填who。
who
3，（2018 全国卷I）The book, ______ I bought yesterday, will be a gift for my sister.
which
4. Yue Yunpeng lived a hard life when young, which contributed
to his career development.
5. Zhao Benshan, who always makes people laugh through his
vivid facial expressions, is a productive comedian.
6. The sun, which gives off a great deal of heat, is a great source
of energy.
7. There are 10 great comedies, some of which were produced in
China 1 year ago.
8.This city, ________ lies in the northeast and _________ I spend my childhood, has been one of the country’s busiest ports since the 1950s.
9. They were well trained by their masters ______________ had great experience with
caring for these animals. 【全国III卷】
10. She and her family bicycle to work, ___________ helps them keep fit. 【北京卷】
which
where
who/that
which
11.　　 is known to everybody,the moon travels around the earth
once every month.
12.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of 　　　　 uses it differently.
13.She gave another piece of advice, 　　　　 I think was of great
help to the research work.
14.She showed the visitors around the museum, 　　　　
construction had taken more than three years.
As
which
which
whose
15.The number of smokers, 　　 is reported,has dropped
by 17 percent in just one year.
16.The meeting, 　　　　 was held in the park,was attended
by 1,000 people.
17.They came to China in the 1970s, 　　　　 China was not open
to the out-side world.
as
which
when
18.The clown doctor, 　　　wears a curly wig, is popular with the
little patients in the hospital.
19. I earn only 1,000 dollars a month, half of 　　 　 is spent on my car.
20. We have nearly one hundred foreign students in our university, most
of 　　　　are from America and Australia.
21. The tree，the branches of 　　　are almost bare, is a very old one.
22. Tom has the good qualities of kindness and honesty, _________
is what his parents expect.
who
which
whom
which
which
23. She heard a terrible noise, _________frightened her.
24. She heard a terrible noise ____________ frightened her.
25. I had told them the reason, _________ I didn't attend the meeting.
26. I had told them the reason _____________ I didn't attend the meeting.
27. He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother,_________ he loved and respected
as his own mother.
28. He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother________________ he loved and
respected as his own mother.
29. Do you know Tom ________________ we talked about
30. Do you know Tom, _________ we talked about
which
which/that
for which
why/for which
whom
who/whom/不填
who/whom/不填
whom
31. Things will turn out contrary to one's wishes, __________is often the case.
32.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of 　　　　 uses it differently.
33. The car, for ___________ I paid a lot of money, is now out of date.
34. I suggest you go to a specialist专家, from___________ you can get answers to most of your questions.
35. In this chapter章节, one of our problems is to discover the principles on
______ these tests are based.
36.　　 is known to everybody, laughter is healthier than anger .
as
which
whom
which
As
which

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