资源简介

(共86张PPT)
U5 Revealing nature
Starting out+Understanding ideas
What do you expect from the title
to make known something that was previously secret or unknown
Where does this page come from
What do you know about these animals
The Komodo dragon is the
largest lizard in the world.
It can grow to three metres
in length and can weigh
about 135 kilograms.
Despite its size and weight,
it can run for short distances
at up to 20 kilometrs per hour.
As one of the oldest sea animals in the world, the nautilus has hardly changed in about 500 million years, and that is why it is often given the name “living fossil”.
The duck-billed platypus is a small egg-laying mammal (up to 60 cm in length) found only in Eastern Australia including Tasmania. As its name suggests, it has a mouth that looks like a duck's bill, while its thick fur and flat tail are similar to those of a beaver.
How can seeds travel
How can this benefit plants
Watch and answer:
Seeds usually are carried by the wind, water, and animals.
Plants can have a better chance at life.
Seeds Traveling
① by itself
② by the wind
③ by the water
⑤ by the animals
⑥ by the insects
④ by the birds
What species do you recognise in the picture
paramecium(草履虫)
earthworm(蚯蚓)
snail
crab
fish
tortoise
bird
horse
jellyfish
starfish
frog
human
algae(水藻)
moss
(苔藓)
fern(蕨类植物)
gymnosperm (裸子植物)
planaria(涡虫)
nematode
(线虫)
angiosperm(被子植物)
paramecium
earthworm
snail
crab
fish
tortoise
bird
horse
jellyfish
starfish
frog
human
algae
moss
fern
pine
lower forms of life
higher forms of life
evolve---evolution
An evolutionary tree
nematode
planaria
angiosperm
An evolutionary tree
What factors can cause the process of evolution
environmental changes;
population immigration;
genetic mutation;
cultural/mating preferences...
natural selection
Questions:
Do you know the man in the books
What do you know about him
Read the passage and talk about your understanding of the title.
Literal meaning: A real journey of visiting distant countries little known on ship Beagle
Figurative meaning: Darwin’s research work leading to his discovery of evolution and the origin of species.
To indicate: The road to develop every scientific theory is quite long and hard taking quite a long time and great efforts, determination and courage to achieve.
Choose the main idea of the passage
and give your reasons.
1 Darwin’s interest in various living things
made him a great naturalist.
2 Darwin’s journey on the Beagle inspired his Theory of Evolution.
3 Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans had evolved over time.
The title of the passage is “a journey of discovery”. So the passage is mainly about how Darwin’s Theory of Evolution generated and developed on his journey on the Beagle.
What was the route of this journey
England
In 1831
In 1835
The text is organized in order of____ .
time
Para___
Para___
Para_____
Before
the journey
During
the journey
1
2--5
6-7
Read for detailed information
He was not the captain’s first choice.
He was a disgrace to himself and all his family
He was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.
Writing purpose:
Set the suspense to attract reader’s interests
Read for detailed information
Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals.
How did different species come to exist
Read for detailed information
All species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since
Animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments
To look for more evidence
Read for detailed information
Darwin noticed finches’ beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.
New species of plants and animals evolved from earlier ancestors.
Read for detailed information
A theory of evolution.
Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species.
On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written. It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever.
Many people refused to believe. They were shocked. Later, more and more people started to believe his theory.
Why
Order the puzzle pieces and complete.
1
2
3
4
5
various living things in their natural environments and samples of the plants and animals he had collected.
very similar to each other
come to exist
Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments
1
2
had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before
that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands.
had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.
slowly evolved into many new species.
had evolved from lower forms of life
asked himself a question(generated an idea)
answered the question(developed an idea)
published the book (proposed a theory)
started his journey
Retell the passage according to the clues
Discuss:
Why did Darwin not publish his Theory of Evolution until 1859, about twenty years after his discovery
God didn't create the world -- religious issue
Puzzled by the geographical distribution (分布) of wildlife and fossils he collected on the voyage, Darwin began detailed investigations, and in 1838 conceived (构思) his theory of natural selection. Although he discussed his ideas with several naturalists, he needed time for extensive(wide) research...
”
“
What kind of person was Darwin according to the passage
Darwin was a determined man. He had strong curiosity and interests in science and was good at thinking and making discoveries. (determination, devotion...)
What have you learnt about the spirit of scientific exploration
How can this spirit help you in your life and studies
How do you think the human species will evolve in the future
Future of Human Evolution
Using langauge
Read and answer:
1 In sentence (a), which action happened first, “suspected” or “evolved from a common ancestor”
“Evolved from a common ancestor.”
2. In sentence (b), which action happened first, “refused to believe” or “evolved from lower forms of life”
“Evolved from lower forms of life.”
3. What does the structure had done indicate
It indicates the action happened before a certain past action.
Past Perfect
过去完成时
A. 基本结构：助动词 had + 过去分词
When I got to the station, the train had left.
助动词had
过去分词
Tom says that he has had two girlfriends.
Jane has been his girlfriend since 2019.
Ann had been Tom's girlfriend by the end of 2017.
B. 基本用法：
①表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。即“过去的过去”。例：
在他们访问印度之前，他们已经录制了七张专辑。
Before they visited India, they had recorded seven albums.
表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一个时间的动作，常用的时间状语有by then, by the end of, by the time。例：
到这个月末，我们已经学习了20首英文歌。
We had learnt 20 English songs by the end of last month.
表示愿望、打算等动词，如hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, intend, plan等后接从句时，一般用过去完成时表示本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。
我原打算今年去度假，可是我走不开。
I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I was not able to get away.
在句型hardly...when和no sooner...than中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，表示“一……就……”。
He had hardly finished the article when the light went out.他刚写完文，灯就熄了。
He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.他一回来就买了一套房子。
他刚坐下，电话铃就响了。
No sooner _________ down than the telephone_____.
我刚离开就开始下雨了。
Hardly ________ when it__________.
had he sat
rang
had I left
began to rain
Hardly had he finished the article when the light went out.
No sooner had he returned than he bought a house.
He said that he ________ (see) you before.
By six o’clock they ___________ (work) for
eight hours.
When I came to Guangzhou, he ________(be)
there for a long time.
By the middle of last month we ________ (live) in Beijing for five years.
When she got home her children _______ (sleep).
Before they arrived here the film ____already ______ (start).
had seen
had worked
had been
had slept
had lived
had
started
用所给词的适当形式填空。
Complete the paragraphs with the information from the given sentences.
1. began
2. had led to
3. developed
4. chose to
5. had made
Complete the online encyclopaedia entry with the correct form of the words.
compete decline eat live introduce arrive
Lonesome George was the last Pinta Island tortoise. He died in 2012. After George’s death, the Pinta Island tortoise was declared extinct.
The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise
is blamed on humans. Before humans
___1___ on the island, the species ___2___
in isolation and ___3___ the plants that naturally grew there.
George was discovered many years after their arrival, and by then humans _____4______ new species that ___5___ for the food the tortoises ate. After goats in particular had been brought to the island, the Pinta Island tortoise population ___6___. Eventually, only George remained.
arrived
had lived
eaten
had introduced
competed
declined
Revealing Nature
Biodiversity
Activity 5
Listen to the podcast and choose the statements that are made.
1 Biodiversity is important.
2 Bacteria are always harmful to humans.
3 Some species of bacteria are used in food production.
4 Many species of bacteria recycle dead organic matter.
5 Our immune systems are able to fight off all germs.
Activity 6
Listen again and complete the fact sheet.
Discuss what you know about cells and bacteria in pairs.
thirty trillion
thirty-nine trillion
made up of cells
bricks that are used to build houses
help with digestion
break down
What foods are made using bacteria
apple cider vinegar
nata de coco
cheese
pickles
yogurt
Activity 7
Do you know about......
Have you heard of ......
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the podcast.
By the way......
Actually......
In fact,......
Speaking of which,…
Checking background knowledge
Adding information
Activity 8
Read the passage and answer the question.
Activity 8
1. What species are mentioned and what is special about them
Two species are mentioned:the blue whale and the water bear.
The blue whale is the largest animal species on Earth, which can grow up to almost 30 metres in length and weigh over 130,000 kilos. The water bear is probably the toughest species, which can survive temperatures from 150 C to a below freezing -272 C.
2. What other unusual life forms do you know of
Activity 9
is home to
are native to
scientific
habitats
ecosystem
appearance
primitive
ancestor
Complete the paragraphs with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.
Activity 10
Work in pairs.
Look at the pictures of the species native to different regions of China.
Talk about biodiversity in China using the words and expressions in this section.
Do online research to find more information.
Unit 5 Revealing nature
Developing ideas
Ways of animal communication
标题数字等都可以通过点击和重新输入进行更改。文字数字大小颜色等参考此模板
sound
touch
expression
body movement
vision
sound wave
The Secret Language of Plants
Can plants communicate
If so, how do they communicate
1.
They may communicate with each other by using chemicals, sound and “wood wide web”.
what's “wood wide web”
“wood wide web” refers to an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.
Read the passage and find out the
ways in which plants communicate.
Complete the diagram.
from the leaves
release its own,
different chemicals
with their roots
tell if a neighbouring plant
is helpful, or unfriendly
clicking noises when there is
not enough water, indicating drought is arriving.
the roots of different plants to each other
share information
and even food
steal food from each other, or spread poisons
communicate
with each other
What genre is it
This passage is an Expository Essay
The word “expository” is a derivative of the word “exposition”. As you can already understand from the name, the core task behind an expository essay is to expose information. Simply put, to expose something means to lay something uncover, or discover information in a way to make it understandable for a reader.
Thus, an expository essay is a structured academic paper that investigates an idea, provides argumentation, and presents everything in simple language to make the concept clear for everyone.
Expository Essay Structure
As a rule, expository writing typically has a standard 5-paragraph essay structure:
Paragraph 1: Introduction with a topic/hook to grab the readers' attention, and a thesis
statement(主旨句) that clearly presents the main concept and goal of your
essay.
Paragraph 2: Body, 1st point/argument with supporting evidence.
Paragraph 3: Body, 2nd point/argument with supporting evidence.
Paragraph 4: Body, 3rd point/argument with supporting evidence.
Paragraph 5: Conclusion with a concise summary of your key points/a thesis restatement.
Organization
of the passage
Part 1：Introduction and thesis statement
Para.1-2 Plants can communicate
Part 2：Body
Para. 3-5 Plants have various ways to communicate
Part 3: Conclusion
Para. 6 Scientists are learning more about the
language of plants.
Maybe oneday we will be able to“talk”with plants !
Think & Share
1 What figure of speech is being used when the plants are described as calling for help What is its function
Personification. It can make descriptions more vivid.
2 What do you think are the benefits of studying plant communication
It will help us know more about the world of plants and then get a
better understanding of the secret of nature and encourage us to explore more about the mysterious nature. What’s more, it will teach us an important lesson, that is, human should live in harmony with mother nature.
Discussion
Now talk about what else you think the plants can do
and give examples.
make medicine
protect
environment
reduce noise
predict the solar terms
Work in groups.
Activity 4
1 Read the passage again and talk about how plants communicate.
2 Think about and discuss the following ways of communication in the
animal world. What other ways can you think of
Bees “dance” to signal to other bees that they have found food.
Ants communicate with each other through touch, chemical signals,
moving their bodies and even using their legs to make sounds.
3. Organise your ideas following the steps below.
Step4 Give a talk to
the class about
communication
between living
things.
Step 2Explain how they communicate and give examples.
Step 1 Begin with what living things you have chosen to talk about.
Step3Concludes by explaining what we
have learnt from
their behavior.
Language Points
Developing idaes
Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends. Many cultures have stories of talking trees
that give advice as well as warnings to people. Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have
visited such a tree in India. And in some modern stories, such as the film Avatar, trees can communicate with animals and people.
talking plants, 会说话的树，talking 为现在分词作定语，可以替换成一个定语从句，plants that talk
that引导的定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作主语，不可以省略，关系词也可以用which
sb be said to have done 据说某人曾经做过某事
1. The minister gave a _____________(warn) that if war broke out, it would be a catastrophy.
2. Hackers are said ________________(start) to have started a computer virus and many Interneters have
been affected .
单句语法填空
warning
to have started
Developing ideas
动词的现在分词作定语
单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前，名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系，现在分词可以替换成一个定语从句。
注意1：分词的完成式不可作定语
注意2：在message letter sign news notice等词后要用现在分词作定语，不
用过去分词，这是考试的易错点。
1. There was a terrible noise ___________(follow) the sudden burst of light.
2. He saw a ___________(fly) bird and raised his bow.
3. I was satisfied with the ___________(excite) speech.
4. We've had an urgent message ___________(say) that your father's ill.
flying
following
exciting
saying
With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy, new research has revealed something amazing: it
appears that plants can communicate after all.
分词作定语，修饰不定代词
something，要后置
with+名词/代词+doing, 现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动
with复合结构在句中作状语，说明状态或背景
1. With prices ____________(going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.
2. With the crowds ____________(cheer), they drove to the palace.
3. With exams ____________(approach), it's a good idea to review your class notes.
4. I cycled off down the road withte dog ____________(run) bhind.
following
cheering
approaching
running
Developing ideas
with或without+名词/代词+非谓语动词 的其他情况
With no one __________(talk)to, John felt miserable.
With a lot of work __________(do), he wasn't allowed to go out.
I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes __________(fix) on the ceiling.
She had to walk home with her bike __________(steal).
with或without+名词/代词 +动词不定式，不定式表示将发生的动作。
with + 名词 (或代词) + 过去分词，过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的被动关系。
to talk
to do
fixed
stolen
Developing ideas
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.
This happens when a plant, say a bean plant, gets attacked by insects. The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I”m being attacked!”
When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour, it starts to release its own, different
chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract insects—the wasps! The wasps kill the
insects that are eating the bean plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we
can use it to grow crops without pesticides.
that引导主语从句，It为形式主语，这样为了避免头部过大。请思考：如何用定语从句改写这个句子？
say，此处表示“比如”之意
that引导的定语从句，关系词that也可以用which, 关系词在定语从句中作主语，不可以省略
injured，动词的过去分词作定语，和所修饰的名词表示被动关系
warning，-ing form做定语，表示功能，用途
that引导的定语从句，关系词that也可以用which, 关系词在定语从句中作主语，不可以省略
Some...Others/Other...，有些...,有些...。
描述很多种情况中的两种
Developing ideas
单句语法填空
1. We must adapt our thinking to the _________(damage) living conditions.
2. The concert _________(give) by their friends was a success.
3. The meeting, _________(attend) by over five thousand people,welcomed the great hero.
4. The boy looked up with a _________(satisfy) expression.
5. He is the man _________ helped the girl out of the water.
6. _________ he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
damaged
given
attended
satisfied
that/who
That
Developing ideas
More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can't hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chilli plants do this. They also “listen” to the noises from other plants. A chilli plant can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful, or unfriendly. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating drought is arriving.
现在分词作状语，表示方式
1. On the last day of our week long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on
the North Shore under the stars, ___________(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
2. Many Chinese brands,__________________( develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new
challenges from the modern market.
3. A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________( reflect )man’s intelligence and creativity.
4. __________(spend) much time at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
listening
having developed
reflecting
Spending
Developing ideas
Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in
a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use.
While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites, the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi. This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other. Using the
wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. For example, some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow. But just like our own Internet, the wood wide web has its own version of “cybercrime”. Plants can steal food from each other, or spread poisons to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.
其中最令人吃惊的是...
amazing，现在分词变成形容词，表示“令人...的”
in some way在某种程度上
similar to...与...相似
菌类fungus单数，fungi 复数，fungal形容词
personification is used here to make the description more vivid.
Developing ideas
单句语法填空
1. The study further strengthens the evidence_________(link) smoking with early death.
2. Generally _________(speak), there are several reasons accounting for this accident.
3. _________(judge) from his worried face, we knew that he must have had some trouble.
4. This _________(fungus) infection spreads easily at your local gym.
5. __________________(最令人吃惊的是), quite a few said they don't intend to vote at all.
6. The meeting heard that two workers had been fired on the spot with no official reason
______(give).
linking
speaking
Judging
fungal
Most surprisingly
given
Developing ideas
Homework
Write down your ideas in the notebook.
Work in pairs to help each other to make improvements.
Collect and organise more information about the description of living things.
Unit 5 Revealing nature
Writing——observational journal
Brainstorm
Can you think of some words and expressions which can be used to describe how a flower seed is planted and how it grows
Nouns: seed, soil, pot, water, fertilizer（肥料）, sunshine,
environment, temperature, stem（茎）, leaf, tip（尖端）, bud （花苞）, flower…
Verbs: plant, cover, water, keep, sprout（发芽）, move, grow, produce（长出）, blossom（开花）, wither(凋零）…
Adjectives: cool, dark, warm, sunny, wet, tender（娇嫩的）, long, narrow, short, wide, tall…
Adverbs: gently, regularly, patiently…
Activity 5 Read the observational journal and
answer the questions.
1. How were the daffodil bulbs planted
They were planted side by side in soil
with the pointed ends facing up.
2. In what environment did the leaves grow
The leaves grew in a sunny, but cool
place.
3. What do the flowers look like
The flowers are yellow and white, and
shaped like trumpets.
Can you find out some useful words and expressions
which are used to describe how the plant grows
Week 1: The daffodil bulbs have been planted side by side in soil, with the
pointed ends facing up. Water has been added and the container was
put in a cool, dark place. The bulbs are being watered regularly.
…have been planted side by side in soil ……被并排种在土壤里
…with the pointed ends facing up ……种的时候尖端朝上
Water has been added and the container was put in…
浇点水,把花盆放在……
…are being watered regularly. 要按时给……浇水。
Week 3: A single stem has sprouted from each of the bulbs. On each
stem are two leaves, which are long and narrow with a waxy
texture. The container has been moved to a sunny, but cool place.
The stem has sprouted… 茎已长了出来……
On each stem are two leaves… 每条茎上都有两片叶子……
… which are long and narrow with a waxy texture
长长窄窄的有光滑的触感
The container has been moved to… 花盆被移到了……
Week 6: The stems have grown to around 20 centimeters tall and
each has produced a single flower. The flowers are yellow
and white, and shaped like trumpets.
The stems have grown to… 茎已经长到了……
…produced a flower… ……开花了
The flowers are shaped like trumpets 花朵是喇叭的形状
adjective
botanical (botanic) 植物的
nutritious 营养的
tall 高大的
lush 茂盛的
beautiful 漂亮的
green 绿色的
fragrant 芬芳的
bush 低矮的
juicy 多汁 的
gorgeous 艳丽的
verb
shoot 抽枝
flower 开花
wither ( fade) 凋谢
pollinate 传授花粉
crossbreed 杂交
press 压根
sprout 发嫩芽
blossom 开花
fruit 结果实
plant 种植
breathe 呼吸
noun
root 根
leaf 叶子
pollen 花粉
flower 花
stem 茎
seed 种子
bud 芽或花蕾
plant 植物
leaflet 小叶
fern 蕨类植物
herb 草本
words and expressions for reference
Activity 6 Work in pairs.
1.Look at the pictures and talk about how the
sunflower grows.
2.Write your observational journal about the
sunflower.
First month
Sunflowers can be grown in pots. They can be started off indoors in any season. Sow one seed per pot and water to make the soil moist.
Sunflower has shot within a week to ten days of sowing the seed. Supporting them with a cane will keep them upright until they are big enough to support themselves – if you don’t have any canes you could consider using pencils, chopsticks or knitting needles.
Second month
Sunflowers like plenty of sun but also like to be kept moist. Put the pot at a sunny spot and water it regularly.
The stem is thicker with over ten leaves on it. The leaves are becoming bigger over time. There are some fluffs on the leaves.
Week 8
The stem has grown to aound 30 meters tall and has produced a flower. The foloer is yellow, and shaped like the sun. Your room will be brighten up with their large, dramatic heads and petals.

展开更多......

收起↑