资源简介

(共78张PPT)
subject clauses
名词性从句
（主、宾、表、同）
part1
简易定义：名词性从句是___________________。
小句当名词用
主语是句子的主体，是执行动作的人/事/物或是句子所述说的主体，一般由名词、或具有名词性质的词、短语或句子构成，主语的位置通常位于句首。
I sat down.
The house is very old.
The tree was blown down in the storm.
Underline the subjects of the following sentences.
1. David arrived last night.
2. Who is speaking, please
3. Two will be enough.
4. Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him
a lot of time.
5. To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.
6. How to do well is an important question.
7. What has happened proves that our policy is right.
subject clause
主语从句
Grammar
1. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei.
2. What surprised Xie Lei was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.
3. It is important that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her social life.
什么是
主语从句？
主语从句，从句即是主语
关于各种从句，有一个浅显易懂的规律：它在句子里面是什么成分，就是什么从句。如：
1.定语从句：作定语（adj.）的从句；
2.宾语从句：作宾语的从句，放在动词或介词后面；
3.状语从句：作状语的从句，给主句增加信息量。
一、主语从句定义
什么是主语从句
在句子中担当主语的从句，我们将它称之为主语从句
1. I don’t know what I am doing.
2.Where we will go is important.
3.That he is a thief surprised me.
4.The news is that we will say good-bye to the Iron Man.
5. The message that they were divorced was spread.
6.What you said hurts me.
7.What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger.
Rule 3
找出下列主语从句
√
√
√
√
×
×
×
主语从句应使用_________语序。
1. Where we will have a picnic should be discussed.
Where will we have a picnic should be discussed.
2. How we go for a picnic should be discussed.
How do we go for a picnic should be discussed.
Rule 3
陈述句
√
√
×
×
主语从句的语序
二、主语从句引导词
你知道主语从句的引导词有那些吗？
从属连词 that,whether/if（是否）（if在主语从句中不能用于句首）.
the boy didn’t know the answer made the teacher angry .
make the teacher angry
didn’t know the answer
That
从属
连词
当主语从句本身不缺成分时，用that连接。只起连接作用，本身无实义，不充当任何成分，但不能省略
the boy can work out the problems depends on his ability.
Whether
从属
连词
当主语从句本身含有“是否”的意思时，连接词必须用whether。不充当从句的任何成分。
whether与if引导主语从句：
主语从句位于主句谓语动词前，表示“是否”，只能用 whether引导；若用it作形式主语，则if与whether可互换。
例1：Whether it will do good to us remains to be seen.
改为：
例2：Whether the band would visit our city was still a mystery.
改为：
It remains to be seen if/whether it will do good to us.
It was still a mystery if/whether the band would visity our city.
不能换成if
可以与if 进行替换
if 不能置于句首
连接代词: who、whoever、whom、whose、what、whatever、which、whichever
在句中不仅起连接词的作用，并充当句中的主语、宾语、定语或表语。
what(……的内容), who(谁), whom(谁), which(哪个), whose(谁的), whoever(无论谁), whatever(无论……的), whichever(无论哪个)引导主语从句，有意义，并在从句中充当成分（主语、宾语、定语、表语）。
Who will meet him is not decided.
What you told me just now was really a surprise.
Which class will win the football game is not clear.
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.
Whatever he says is of no importance.
Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize.
连接代词
digest what the teachers teach
get higher scores
can digest what the teachers teach is likely to get higher scores.
Whoever
连接
代词
做（主语、宾语、表语），译为 无论谁，不能省略。
convince him to change his mind
arouse my curiosity
would convince him to change his mind aroused my curiosity.
Who
连接
代词
做（主语、宾语、表语），译为谁，不能省略。
the cat do
made
the cat did made the baby cry.
cry
连接
代词
做（主语、宾语、表语），译为...的内容，不能省略。
What
1) _________ you said yesterday is right.
2) _________ she is still alive is a consolation（安慰）.
3) _________ he lost the bike worried him a lot.
4) _________ caused the accident remains unknown.
5) _________ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
6) _________ we can’ t get seems better than that we have.
That
注： what 与 that在引导主语从句时的区别
与that不同的是，what除了可以引导主语从句起连接作用外，还同时在从句中充当句子成分主语、宾语或表语，而that 则不充当任何成分。
What
What
That
What
What
作宾语
不作成分
不作成分
作主语
作主语
作宾语
Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided.
What she said is true.
Which book I shall choose hasn’t been decided.
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
who在主语从句中充当 ______, 译为 ______。
what在主语从句中充当 ______, 译为 ______。
which在主语从句中充当 ______, 译为 ______。
whoever在主语从句中充当 ______, 译为 ______。
结论：
主语
谁
宾语
东西
定语
哪一
主语
无论谁
引导名词性从句时不仅起连接词的作用，也在句中作状语，不能省略。
连接副词：when、where、how、why
连接副词
When they will arrive at the station is very important.
How the accident happended is still unknown.
Why he was absent from the meeting remains a mystery.
Where I will spend my summer is none of your business.
能够用来连接主语从句的连接副词主要有：when(什么时候), whenever(无论什么时候), where(什么地方), wherever(无论什么地方), why(为什么), how(怎样), however(无论怎样)等。这些连接副词在主语从句中作状语，不可省略。
attain success
unknown
He attained success is unknown.
How/when/why/where
连接
副词
译为怎样、什么时候、为什么、在哪里 在主语从句中做（状语），不能省略。
When the bomb will explode worries the man.
Where she is from is unknown.
Why he was late is not important now.
How he attained success is unknown.
when在主语从句中充当 _______, 译为 ______。
where在主语从句中充当 _______, 译为 ______。
why在主语从句中充当 _______, 译为 _______。
how在主语从句中充当 _______, 译为 _______。
结论：
状语
何时
状语
何地
状语
为什么
状语
怎样
引导词总结
类别 例词 说明
从属连词 that，whether,if 两者在从句中均不作成分，只起连接作用；that无实义，whether表示“是否”。
连接代词 who，what，which，whoever，whatever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
连接副词 when，where，how，why等 在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成分。
主语从句的主谓一致
part3
1. Whether the patient will be taken ______ unknown.
2. When and where the patient will be taken _____ unknown.
3. When the task can be finished and whether he can have
a rest ________ unknown.
4. What he wants most _________ staying with his family.
What they need _______ masks(口罩).
主语从句作主语时谓语动词，大多数使用_______ (单数？复数？)
由两个连接词引导同一个主从，谓动使用____ (单数？复数？)
主语为and连接的两个主从时，谓动使用____ (单数？复数？)
what在主从中做宾语时，谓动由______决定单复数 (主语？表语？)
单数
单数
复数
表语
is
is
are
is
are
含义
现在完成时经常表示在以前某个时间已经发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对现在有某种影响；或从过去到一直延续到现在的动作，包含“已完成”“未完成”两种意义。
主语从句的基本句型有：
(1)主语从句＋谓语动词＋...
Who will be our English teacher next term is not important. 下学期谁成为我们的英语老师不重要。
(2)It＋谓语动词＋主语从句(it作为形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
It is a pity that you didn't attend the meeting.
真遗憾你没来参加会议。
it作形式主语的主语从句
part4
为了避免句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语置于句末。
1. It＋be＋形容词(necessary, right, (un)likely, wrong, important, certain, clear, obvious, strange, normal, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, probable等)＋that从句。
例：我不可能接受像那样的帮助。
.
it做形式主语
It isn’ t likely that I should accept such an offer as that
It is necessary that… 有必要…
It is important that …. 重要的是…
It is obvious that…… 很明显……
②It＋be＋名词（词组）(a pity, a shame, good news, a fact, an honor, a wonder, no wonder, a good thing, no surprise等)＋that从句。
例：难怪他不想去。
.
It was no wonder that he didn’ t want to go
It is common knowledge that… …是常识
It is a surprise that …. 令人惊奇的是…
It is a fact that…… 事实是……
3. It + be + 过去分词 (said, told, heard, reported, decided, suggested, advised, ordered, remembered, thought, considered, well-known, announced等) + that从句
例：据说这个新改编本将在明年出版。
It is said that the new adaptation will come out next year.
It is known to all that... 众所周知……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that... 据信……;人们相信……
It is suggested that... 有人建议……
It must be pointed out that... 必须指出……
It has been proved that... 已证明…….
【特别注意】
It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that...句型中, 主语从句应使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”的形式, should有时有感彩。
在“It+be+suggested / advised / ordered / requested / insisted / required... + that从句”结构中, 从句谓语应用“(should+)动词原形”。
4. It+不及物或短语(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make no difference等)+that从句
例：一些导弹似乎已经被移走了。
It appears that some missiles have been moved.
It seems/appears that... 似乎……
It happened that... 碰巧……
It occurred to me that…… 我突然想起……
worry, shock …
及物动词
5. It+及物动词+宾语+主语从句
例：It shocks me that he failed in this exam.
他没通过考试，震惊到我了。
It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
主语从句常用it作形式主语，一般常用句型为：It is+{名词/形容词/过去分词}+主语从句
强调句的结构是：It+be+被强调部分+that+从句
强调主语：It is the times that produce their heroes.时势造英雄
强调宾语：It is English that Prof. Lin teaches us.
强调状语：It was in shanghai that I saw the film.
判断强调句的方法：将that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出来单独看，看有没有缺成分，缺的是什么成分，再把谓语动词后面that前面的那部分，带到你认为缺成分的地方，如果放进去是一句完整的句子了，那就说明是强调句。
小试牛刀，从下列句子中找到主语从句：
1）It doesn’t matter how you are dressed.
2）It was in New York that another shooting took place.
3）It was on a rainy day that Lu Yiping borrowed money from her father.
4）It is a pity that our team should lose the game.
定 义
主语从句
引导词
形式主语
主谓一致
总 结
作用，位置
从属连词，连接代词，连接副词
单个主语从句-单数
多个主语从句-复数
It＋be＋形容词/名词短语/过去分词/不及物动词＋ that从句
语序
陈述语序
巧记主语从句
整句作主语，其后单谓语
莫忘加连词，that不略但无义
“是否”置前用whether,其他应用靠翻译
主语从句可后置，只需形式主语it把它替
功能 连接词
不作成分 that, whether
作主、宾、表、 what, who, whom,
wh+ever
作定语 which, whose,
作状语 when, where, why, how
Usage of the Conjunctions
缺什么补什么
做题原则
依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。
所谓“缺什么补什么”是指从句与连词之间的关系。
如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what。
如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what。
如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where。
原因状语用why；方式状语用how。
如缺定语用what或which。
如什么都不缺用that，Whether表“是否”。
Pratice
选择题
1. _____ as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.
A. The estimate B. The estimated
C. They are estimated D. It is estimated that
2. _____ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.
A. Which B. Since C. Although D. How
3. _____ we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents.
A. Whoever B. Whatever C. However D. That
4. _____ wealthy does not necessarily mean that a man is greedy.
A. For the reason that he is B. Just because he is
C. The reason of being D. That he is
5. Although ___ happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.
A. which B. what C. how D. it
6. _____ she had forgotten to take her notebook.
A. That occurred to her B. She occurred that
C. To her that occurred D. It occurred to her that
7. I am sure that _____ she said is wrong.
A. which B. all C. this D. what
8. We lost our way in the forest, and ____ made matters worse was that it was getting dark.
A. that B. which C. it D. what
9. _____ or not is still uncertain.
A. He’ s coming B. If he is coming
C. That coming D. Whether he’ s coming
10. It’ s _____ he’ ll be able to come.
A. doubt whether B. doubtful C. doubt it D. doubtful whether
Whether he will come on the weather.
What I want money.
What we need good books
What he said reasonable.
What we will do decided.
Where he was born and where he lives now not clear.
Where and when he was born a secret.
填入正确的谓语动词
depends
is
are
is
hasn’ t been
are
remains
用适当的引导词填空。
1. It is likely _________ he is the winner of this game.
很可能他是这场游戏的胜利者。
2. __________ she bought so many dictionaries is not clear.
= It is not clear _________ she bought so many dictionaries.
不清楚她为什么买这么多字典。
3. __________ he was admitted into Beijing University made his teachers and parents happy.
他考上了北大，这让他的老师和父母很高兴。
4. It’ s a pity__________ you can’ t attend my birthday party.
很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。
5. ____________ we will build a new high school hasn’ t been decided.
我们是否要建新高中还没决定呢。
that
Why
why
That
that
Whether
6. ______________ breaks the law should be punished.
不管谁违法都应该受到惩罚。
7. It is necessary ______ the problem (should) be solved at once.
很有必要立刻解决这个问题。
8. ________ he was born is unknown.
他生于何时还不知道。
9 It is possible _______ he has stolen the car.
很可能他偷了小车。
10. _______ has broken the glass is unknown.
谁打破了玻璃现在还不知道。
Whoever
that
When
that
Who
翻译
1．(谁将去接他)__________________________ is not decided.
2．(哪个班极会赢得这场足球赛)
____________________________________________ is not clear.
3．(他能否买到飞机票)_____________________________________ doesn’ t matter much.
4．(我们如何去那里)_________________________________ is a question.
5．(你刚才告诉我的)_______________________________ was really a surprise.
Who will pick him up
Which class will win the football match
Whether he can buy the plane ticket
How we will go there
What you told me just now
For thousands of years, people have looked to the starry sky and wondered what,or who, is out there. In the early 1600s, Galileo was the first to use his telescope to explore the sky and since then, telescopes have continually improved.
A Exploring the rules
One major breakthrough came in 1990, When the Hubble Space Telescope was launched. That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes, and it allows scientits to learn more about the universe. Hubble observations have played a crucial role in the discovery of the mysterious dark energy. Hubble was followed by the Kepler Space Telescope in 2009. Kepler's scientific goal is to search for Earth-size planets orbiting other stars.Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved, but the signs are promising: Kepler has detected many suitable planets that are almost the same size as the Earth.
In recent years, China has developed advanced telescopes as well. One example is the innovative FAST, which is the largest single-dish radio telescope in the world.With a dish the size of 30 football fields, FAST is able to carry out observations with extraordinary sensitivity. One of its scientific goals is to detect communication signals between the stars in the universe.
It is clear that telesopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that developing the required tehnology will help astronomers all over the world make exciting dicoveries. How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination.
Working out the rules
We can use a noun clause as the subject of a sentence.
We can use (1)________ to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a statement. We can use (2)________ to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a yes-no question. We can use a question word to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a wh-question.
We often use (3)________ as a preparatory subject when a subject clause is very long.
that
whether
it
Circle the mistakes and correct them in the blanks.
1 The space mission went so well was beyond our expectations.
Predicate verb
Subject clause
lack of a word introducing the clause
That the space mission went so well was beyond our expectations.
B Applying the rules
2 Whether they are able to grow more vegetables depend on how much time it takes.
Predicate verb
Subject clause
third person singular
Whether they are able to grow more vegetables depends on how much time it takes.
3 It was not clear how long he will stay on the space station.
preparatory subject
Subject clause
wrong tense
It is not clear how long he would stay on the space station.
4 What the lunar probe did not land was a worry for the people back on the Earth.
Subject clause
the clause is a statement
That the lunar probe did not land was a worry for the people back on the Earth.
5 That makes the Chinese people happy is that China has successfully launched a space rocket.
Subject clause
the clause is a question
What makes the Chinese people happy is that China has successfully launched a space rocket.
Complete the passage with the correct subject clauses in the box below.
a how it laid the foundation for future exploration
b that the data gathered by them provided valuable information
c what advances China will make in the future
d why China is one of the world leaders in space exploration
e what amazed the whole nation in October 2010
The Chinese Lunar Exploration Program is also known as the Chang’e Program. Run by the China National Space Administration, China’s space agency, it comprises three stages: orbiting, landing, and returning.
The program’s first spacecraft, Chang’e 1 Lunar orbiter, was launched in October 2007.
It successfully orbited and scanned the Moon. _____ was that Chang’e 2 reached the Moon within just five days. With better techniques and equipment, Chang’e 2 completed a more detailed scan of the Moon before heading into deep space. The success of the two spacecraft showed the world how far Chinese space exploration had come. It was evident _____.
e
b
a how it laid the foundation for future exploration
b that the data gathered by them provided valuable information
c what advances China will make in the future
d why China is one of the world leaders in space exploration
e what amazed the whole nation in October 2010
December 2013 witnessed the Chinese spacecraft’s first soft landing on the Moon. The landing of Chang’e 3 proved to be a success and ______ was plain to see. In January 2019 Chang’e 4 succeeded in landing on the far side of the Moon.
In December 2020, Chang’e 5 successfully collected and returned lunar samples. China has successfully completed the three stages of the program. However, _______ is anybody’s guess.
a
c
a how it laid the foundation for future exploration
b that the data gathered by them provided valuable information
c what advances China will make in the future
d why China is one of the world leaders in space exploration
e what amazed the whole nation in October 2010
Fill in the table below about the major achievements of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program.
Spacecraft Time of launch Major achievements
Chang’e 1 (1)________________ (2)_____________________________________________________
Chang’e 2 (3)_______________ (4)______________________________________________________
Chang’e 3 (5)________________ (6)___________________________
Chang’e 4 (7)________________ (8)___________________________
____________________________
Chang’e 5 (9)________________ (10)__________________________
___________________________
In October 2007
In October 2010
In December 2013
In January 2019
In December 2020
It successfully orbited and scanned the Moon.
It completed a more detailed scan of the Moon.
It landed on the Moon.
It succeeded in landing on the far side of the Moon.
It successfully collected and returned lunar samples.
主语从句在写作中的运用
part5
使用 it is... 句式
众所周知
公认
事实是...
很可能...
...很荣幸
....不可否认
It's well known that ...
It's well acknowledged that...
It's a fact that ...
It's likely that...
It's an honor that...
It is no denying that...
使用 what... 句式
你需要知道的是 你需要注意的是
我将要告诉你的是 我在课堂上所学到的知识 令我印象深刻的是
令我激动的是
what you need to know
what you should pay attention to
what I'm going to tell you
what I learned in class
what impressed me most
what's really exciting
Classification （词组分类）
描述大家都知道的事情
It’s known to us all that/ What we all know is that
It is acknowledged that
It is a fact that
It is no denying that
Classification （词组分类）
描述可能的事情
It's very likely that
告知某人要做的/注意的事情
what you need to know is that
what you should pay attention to is that
what I'm going to tell you is that
Classification （词组分类）
某人的收获
what I learned in class is that
描述活动带来的感受
what impressed me most was that
What was really exciting was that
It is an honor that
what… is/was…(that 从句)
_______________________________________________
____________________________and that she brings me a lot of happiness and courage.
我从她身上学到的是她非常乐观、有活力而且给我带来了许多快乐和勇气。
What I learn from her is that she is quite
optimistic and energetic
1. 他吃瓜这事我们都知道。
2. 没人知道他吃啥。
3.他喜欢那女孩是个不用怀疑的事实。
4. 他是不是喜欢那女孩都没关系。
Exercise
1. 他吃瓜这事我们都知道。
That he eats a melon is known to us.
2. 没人知道他吃啥。
Nobody knows what he eats.
3.他喜欢那女孩是个不用怀疑的事实。
It is an undoubted fact that he likes the girl.
4. 他是不是喜欢那女孩都没关系。
It doesn't matter whether he likes the girl or not.
Exercise
单句填空
1.________is strange that the man should have stuck to
his silly ideas.
2.It is a pity______we won't be able to go to the south
to spend our summer vacation.
3. _________caused the accident is still a mystery.
4. _________ is said that he has gone to Shanghai.
(=He is said to have gone to Shanghai.)
5.It is known to all_______ gunpowder was first invented by the Chinese.
It
that
What
It
that
1.__________the factory will employ more new workers is true.
2.__________the witness said was true.
3. Every year, ________makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
4. ________the boy distracts frequently in class is what his teacher wants to know.
5._________the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
6. _________she left him made him heart-broken.
7. _________ he will come or not is not known yet.
That
What
whoever
Why
When
That
whether
1. 主语从句作主语时，谓语多用单数；
2. what引导的主语从句，可根据表语（根据它所指代的内容确认谓语单复数）决定主语动词的单复数。
例：Whether Mary came or not is none of your business.
What you said is of great importance.
What you left are several books.
表语决定动词单复数

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