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(共30张PPT)
A “FOR” AND “AGAINST” ESSAY
To read and talk about a “for” and “against” essay.
To read for writing.
To summaries information.
To write a “for” and “against” essay.
Part 1 Getting ready for writing
What is a “for” and “against” essay
essay
n. 论说文，散文
in favour of / in agreement with
in disagreement with
This type of essay includes two sides to an
argument and give their opinions
organic farming
factory farming
1. What is the main topic of the essay
2. What are the main arguments and supporting details used “for” and “against” factory farming
3. What is the writer’s opinion about factory farming
1
Read for content
1. What is the main topic of the essay
1
Read for content
People’s different opinions on ____________
factory farming
2. What are the main arguments and supporting details used “for” and “against” factory farming
Opinion Arguments Supporting details
“For” 1 2 3
“Against” 1 2
2. What are the main arguments and supporting details used “for” and “against” factory farming
Opinion Arguments supporting details
“For” 1 2 3
“Against” 1 2
Being a lot cheaper
Provide more food.
Animals suffer from fewer disease.
2. What are the main arguments and supporting details used “for” and “against” factory farming
Opinion Arguments Supporting details
“For” 1 Being a lot cheaper 2 Provide more food. 3 Animals suffer from fewer disease.
“Against” 1 2
Cruel to the animals
Negative impact on the environment
as factory farms do not use many workers, the costs are low and the production is high.
2. What are the main arguments and supporting details used “for” and “against” factory farming
Opinion Arguments Supporting details
“For” 1 Being a lot cheaper 2 Provide more food. 3 Animals suffer from fewer disease. as factory farms do not use many workers, the costs are low and the production is high.
“Against” 1 2
Cruel to the animals
Negative impact on the environment
animals are kept in small spaces; creates a lot of waste products and uses a lot of chemicals
“for”
“against”
more food
cheaper
fewer workers
low cost
high production
fewer diseases
cruel
small spaces
suffer stress
negative impact on the environment
waste products and chemicals drugs
3. What is the writer’s opinion about factory farming
We should try to reduce this kind of farming, although we would have to pay more for our eggs and meat.
1. Find out the main idea of each paragraph.
conclusion (your opinion)
arguments against the topic
introduction to the topic
arguments for the topic
para 1
para 2
para 3
para 4
Read for structure
2
1 summarizing information
2 adding new information
3 giving examples
4 providing sources of information
5 contrasting statements
Which of the linking expressions in the Sentence Builder has the following function
in my opinion
moreover/ in addition to
for instance
according to
on the other hand
3
Read for language
Argumentative techniques (论证手法)
Here are the 4 methods the author use to support his arguments.
1. citing ideas from experts and authorities (权威机构)
2.using data
3.using comparison and contrast
4.giving examples
1.Find out the sentences in the essay using these argument methods.
2.Why these argument methods are used
1. using data
According to an institute, “74% ...are produced in this way.
2.citing ideas from experts and authorities
It provides more food for ...7 billion, according to the United Nations.
Factory farming has a negative impact on...(UK Farming Today, 2013)
3.using comparison and contrast
On the other hand, opponents ...say that it is cruel...
4.Giving examples
For instance, many farm animals are kept ...
These argument methods can make the information more authentic, accurate and believable，therefore making the passage more persuasive(说服性的)
Hamburger Writing
1. Have a clear argument statement.
2. Include “for” and “against” opinions.
3. It’s important to support your own opinion with examples and other details;
4. Sum up your argument in the final paragraph.
Para1：Introducing to the topic。
★ Recently, our class have had a heated debate/ discussion on/ concerning whether
★Opinions vary (不同) on this topic / fall mainly into two groups.
★There are different opinions among ... concerning this topic.
★ The topic of ... caused a heated debate in .....
Para 2-3：Showing different opinions and reasons。
正方：
★Some ... agree with ..., thinking ...
★... who are in favour of …believe ...
★ Supporters argue/ point out that ....
★ Some/ The majority of us ... hold the opinion that....
★ Undoubtedly, /There is no doubt that..... be convenient/ beneficial......
反方
★... hold a different opinion.
★On the other hand, opponents of ....say that.....
★ Opponents believe /think...
★In contrast, opponents believe /think .....
★ However, others were against it, claiming that.....
Para 2-3：Showing your reasons to convince readers。
The reasons are listed as follows.
There are a long list of reasons why...
They hold their view for the reason of....
The reason is....
Para 2-3：Adding new information 。
Apart from...
In addition to this,....
Moreover/ Additionally/ Furthermore/ what is more,....
For one thing, .....For another...
Not only will...., but .....will also...
Para 4：Conclusion (Your own opinion)。
★As for me, I’m for the first view.
★From my perspective,....
★As far as I’m concerned, the first view is more reasonable.
★As long as …, its advantages outweigh its disadvantages.
★ From my point of view, it would be wise to...
★ I’m firmly convinced that....
Writing task
最近，你校英文辩论社（School English Debate Club）围绕酒店是否应该提供一次性用品（disposable items）”这一话题展开辩论。请根据辩论内容，写一篇英语短文介绍大家的不同观点，并表明你自己的观点。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右
Discuss your opinions in groups.
argument
supporting detail
supporting detail
supporting detail
to make your argument “solid”
you have to add supporting details
Task 4 :Writing :
Write 2-3 arguments on the statement :
The hotel should provide disposable items
vs
The hotel should not provide disposable items
Assessment Sheet（评价表）
Criteria（标准） Detailed description Stars (1-5)
Content 1. Reasonable arguments used "for" and "against" the topic
2. Proper argumentative techniques used to support each argument
3. Clear opinion from the author
Structure 4. Hamburger Structure used to organise your ideas
Language Use 5. Accurate and effective language use

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