Unit 2 Amazing numbers 语法(基数词和序数词) 培优讲义(含答案) -2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语上册

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Unit 2 Amazing numbers 语法(基数词和序数词) 培优讲义(含答案) -2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语上册

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Unit 2 Amazing numbers语法(基数词和序数词)培优讲义
一、基数词
(一)定义
基数词是表示数目_______________的数词,比如 _______________(一),_______________(二), _______________(三), _______________(四), _______________(五)等。
它用于回答 “多少” 这样的问题,例如:
“_______________ _______________ _______________ are there ” (有多少个苹果?)
“_______________ _______________ _______________.” (有三个。)
(二)基数词的写法与读法
1 - 12:这些数字是基础,需要逐个记忆,它们的拼写和读音并无明显规律。
six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13 - 19:在个位数词的词干后加 -teen 构成。要注意其中十三, 十五, 十八的拼写变化比较特殊。
_______________, fourteen, _______________, sixteen, seventeen,_______________, nineteen
20 - 90 的整十数:在个位数词后面加 -ty 构成。需注意二十,三十, 四十,五十, 八十的拼写变化。
_______________, _______________, _______________,_______________, sixty, seventy, _______________, ninety
21 - 99 的非整十数:由 “十位数 + 连字符 - + 个位数” 构成。
21:twenty - _______________
35:_______________ - five
99:ninety - _______________
百位数:用 “数字 + hundred” 表示,在百位和十位之间(若十位为零则是与个位之间)要加 and 。
100 :_______________ hundred
234 :_______________hundred _______________ thirty - four
305:_______________ hundred _______________ five
千位数:用 “数字 + thousand” 表示。 百位为 “0”,无需单独读出,用 “and” 连接千位和十位(在英式英语中较常见,美式英语有时省略 “and”,但正式场合通常保留)
1,000 :_______________ thousand
2,567 :_______________ thousand _______________ hundred and sixty - seven
3039:_______________thousand _______________ thirty-nine
百万及以上:“百万(数字后6个,000, 000)” 用 million,“十亿(数字后9个,000, 000, 000)” 用 billion 。规则同百、千。
1,000,000 :_______________ million
2,000,000,000 :_______________ billion
56,789,000 :_______________ million _______________ hundred and_______________ thousand
(三)基数词的用法
表示确切数目:hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)等词前有具体数字时,只能用单数形式,不能变复数。
_______________ _______________ _______________(五百名学生)
_______________ _______________ _______________(三千本书)
表示不确切数目:hundred,thousand,million,billion 等词后若加 -s,且与 of 连用,表示不确定的数目,意为 “成百上千”“成千上万”“数百万”“数十亿” 等。
_______________ _______________ _______________(成百上千的人)
_______________ _______________ _______________(成千上万的鸟)
_______________ _______________ _______________(数百万颗星星)
表示模糊群体数量,用in+数字复数+and+数字复数
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________(三三两两)
表示年龄:用 “基数词 + years old”,其中 years old 可以省略。
_______________ _______________ _______________ (years old).(她十岁了。)
My father is _______________.(我父亲四十五岁。)
表示某人的几十岁用in one’s +整十的复数形式。
She became famous _______________ _______________ _______________ .(她在二十几岁时出名的)
表示年代:用 “in + the + 基数词复数”,表示 “在…… 世纪…… 年代” 。
_______________ _______________ _______________ (在 20 世纪 80 年代),这里的 1980s 读为 nineteen eighties 。
表示编号:
房间号:Room 201(201 房间)
页码:Page 50(第 50 页)
公交车号:Bus No. 10(10 路公交车)
用于数学运算:
加法:2 + 3 = 5 ,Two plus three equals five. 或者 Two and three is five.
减法:7 - 4 = 3 ,Seven minus four is three.
乘法:5 × 6 = 30 ,Five times six is thirty. 或者 Five multiplied by six is thirty.
除法:12 ÷ 4 = 3 ,Twelve divided by four is three.
表示时间:
整点:用 “基数词 + o'clock”,o'clock 可以省略。
_______________ _______________ (o'clock).(现在是五点。)
几点几分:
顺读法:“小时 + 分钟” 。
7:30 ,_______________ _______________
9:15 ,_______________ _______________
逆读法:
分钟 ≤ 30,用 “分钟 + past + 小时” 。
7:20 ,_______________ _______________ _______________
9:15 ,a quarter_______________ _______________(a quarter 表示 15 分钟)
分钟>30,用 “(60 - 分钟)+ to + (小时 + 1)” 。
7:40 ,_______________ _______________ _______________
9:45 ,_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
(四)基数词的位置
位于 another, all 之后:
Can you have_______________ _______________ _______________ (你还能再吃两块蛋糕吗?)
The boy lost_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ last week.(这个男孩上周把五支铅笔都弄丢了。)
位于 such 和 more 之前:
I can finish reading _______________ _______________ _______________ in two days.(我能在两天内读完两本这样的书。)
Please give me_______________ _______________ _______________ to eat.(请再给我一个苹果吃。)
可置于 last, next, other 之前或之后:
His last two books are written in English.(他的最后两本书是用英语写的。)
I will go to Beijing next three days.(接下来的三天我要去北京。)
这种表达不太常见,更常用 I will go to Beijing in the next three days. 但从位置角度理解可以这么用;
I have_______________ _______________ _______________.
= I have _______________ _______________ _______________.(我还有另外两支钢笔。)
(五)基数词练习题
写出下列基数词
14 ________________
30 ________________
56 ________________
89 ________________
101 ________________
2,345 __________________________________
单项选择
1.There are __________ students in our school.
A. eight hundreds B. eight hundred C. eight hundred of D. eight hundreds of
2.My little brother is only __________ old.
A. five - year B. five year C. five years D. fifth year
3.It's __________ now. Let's go to school.
A. seven - thirty B. seven thirty C. thirty seven D. thirty - seven
4.They arrived at school __________ this morning.
A. in twos and threes B. in two and three C. in two or three D. in twos or threes
用所给基数词的适当形式填空
1.There are about two __________ (thousand) trees in the park.
2.He is in his __________ (twenty).
3.We have learned __________ (hundred) of English words this term.
基数词练习题答案
14 fourteen;30 thirty;56 fifty - six;89 eighty - nine;101 one hundred and one;
2,345 two thousand three hundred and forty - five
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A
1.thousand;2.twenties;3.hundreds
二、序数词
(一)定义
序数词是表示顺序_______________的数词,用于回答 “第几” 这样的问题,比如 _______________(第一), _______________(第二), _______________(第三)等。其前面一般要加定冠词 ______________。例如:
“Which is your room ” (哪个是你的房间?)
“It's_______________ _______________ _______________ on the left.” (是左边第三个房间。)
(二)基数词变序数词的方法
第一、第二、第三:是特殊变化,需特别记忆。
_______________(1st),_______________(2nd),_______________(3rd) “末尾tdd”
第四到第十九:在基数词后加 -th 构成,但要注意以下特殊情况:“8去t,9去e,ve要用f替”
_______________(第五),_______________(第八);
_______________(第九) ;_______________(第十二)
整十数的序数词:将基数词词尾的 y 变成 ie,再加 -th 。
_______________(20th),_______________(30th),_______________(40th),_______________(50th),_______________(60th),_______________(70th),_______________(80th),_______________(90th)
非整十数的序数词:仅个位数变为序数词,十位数及以上保留基数词形式,中间用连字符连接。
21st:twenty - _______________
32nd:thirty - _______________
45th:forty - _______________
78th:seventy - _______________
99th:ninety - _______________
101st:one hundred (and) _______________
1,000th:one thousandth
1,000,000th:one millionth
(三)序数词的用法
表示顺序、名次:其前一般要加定冠词 the 。
She is _______________ _______________in the exam.(她考试第一名。)
This is _______________ _______________ _______________I have been here.(这是我第二次来这里。)
表示编号:
楼层:_______________ _______________ _______________(三楼)
日期:
美式英语中,“月份 + 序数词”,
如 六月一日,读为 _______________ _______________ _______________;
英式英语中,“the + 序数词 + of + 月份”,
如八月三日,读为 _______________ _______________ _______________ August 。
表示分数:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于 1 时,分母用复数形式。
1/3:_______________ _______________
2/5:_______________ _______________
3/4:_______________ _______________ 或 _______________ _______________(quarter 表示四分之一)
序数词前有物主代词等限定词时:不再用定冠词 the 。
It's _______________ _______________ _______________.(这是我的第二本书。)
“a/an + 序数词”:表示 “又一,再一”,不强调顺序。
Can you give me _______________ _______________ _______________ (你能再给我一次机会吗?)
(四)序数词练习题
写出下列基数词对应的序数词及缩写形式
5 __________ __________
9 __________ __________
12 __________ __________
20 __________ __________
33 __________ __________
56 __________ __________
单项选择
1.Today is my daughter's __________ birthday.
A. five B. fifth C. the fifth D. fifths
2.He lives on __________ floor.
A. twelve B. the twelve C. the twelfth D. twelfth
3.December is the __________ month of the year.
A. twelve B. twelveth C. twelfth D. the twelfth
4.I have tried three times, and the teacher asks me to have __________ try.
A. a four B. a fourth C. the fourth D. fourth
5.The __________ lesson is very difficult.
A. twenty - one B. twenty - first C. twentieth - one D. twentieth - first
用所给序数词的适当形式填空
1.This is my __________ (three) time to visit the Great Wall.
2.The __________ (one) day of a week is Sunday.
3.He came __________ (two) in the race.
4.Please turn to Page __________ (twenty - two).
5.The __________ (nine) question is too hard for me.
序数词练习题答案
5 fifth 5th;9 ninth 9th;12 twelfth 12th;20 twentieth 20th;
33 thirty - third 33rd;56 fifty - sixth 56th
1.B 2.C 3,C 4.B 5.B
1.third;2.first;3.second;4.Twenty - two;5.ninth

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