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专题01 语法填空之提示词为动词 (
目录
01知识脑图·学科框架速建
02考点精析·知识能力全解
【知能解读01】
括号内给动词思维导图
【知能解读02】
括号内给动词解读
【知能解读03】
如何判定作谓语还是非谓语
【知能解读04】
如何确定谓语动词的时态
03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破
【重难点突破01】如何确定谓语动词的语态
【重难点突破0
2
】如何确定谓语的主谓一致
04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗
【易混易错01】如何确定填写非谓语动词
【易混易错0
2
】非谓语作主语
【易混易错0
3
】非谓语作宾语
【易混易错0
4
】非谓语作定语
【易混易错0
5
】非谓语作状语
【易混易错0
6
】非谓语作宾语补足语
【易混易错0
7
】非谓语作表语
05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解
【用法拓展0
1
】如何确定填写动词词类转换
【用法拓展0
2
】动词转化为名词
【用法拓展0
3
】动词转化为形容词
)
01括号内给动词思维导图
02括号内给动词解读
语法填空括号内给动词的三种填法：
一是谓语动词方向，然后进一步考虑该谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致；
二是非谓语动词方向，再结合语境逻辑和搭配考虑用不定式、-ing或过去分词；
三是动词词类转换方向，结合语境考虑动词转化为名词或形容词，甚至副词。
03如何判定作谓语还是非谓语
1. 判定作谓语还是非谓语思维导图
解读：双无—一个句子无谓语，无连接词，所给动词应考虑填谓语。
双有—一个句子有谓语，且有连接词，所给动词应考虑填谓语。
有谓无连—一个句子有谓语，但是后边动词所在句子无连接词，考虑非谓语。
2．分析句子结构，填写谓语动词三种情况：
若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所需词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。一个句子（包含从句）谓语有三种情况：
单一谓语：
考例1：（简单句）Up to now, China has established a number of protected areas with mangroves. (2023北京卷)
考例2：（复合句）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, which originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. (2025全国一卷)
双谓语：
考例3：He quickly threw his tools aside, and started running, arms out. (2022新课标II卷)
三谓语：
考例4：Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the falling child. (2022新课标II卷)
2．分析句子结构，若句中已有谓语动词，且不是作并列谓语动词时，则要考虑用非谓语动词。
考例5：Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, (inspired by The Peony Pavilion,) was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. (2024新课标II卷)
考例6：From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, resulting in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss. (2021北京卷)
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The guide ________ (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
2. The guide ________ (lead) the way, so we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
3. ________ (call) me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.
4. ________ (call) me tomorrow, I’ll let you know the lab result.
5. He volunteered to help control traffic, ________ (donate) an hour of his time every week.
6. He volunteered to help control traffic, and ______ (donate) an hour of his time every week.
7.There ______ no bus, we had to walk home.
8.There ______ no bus and we had to walk home.
9. Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, and all his attention ________ (fix) o n it.
10. Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention ________ (fix) on it.
【参考答案】
1.leading 2.led 3.Call 4.Calling 5.donating 6.donated 7.being 8.was 9.was fixed 10.fixed
04如何确定谓语动词的时态
解题思路 技法点拨
1.慧眼识别标志词 认清常考时态的标志性时间状语 (1) 一般现在时标志：often，usually，always，sometimes等时间状语。 (2) 一般过去时标志：yesterday，last year，in 2022，the other day等。 (3) 一般将来时标志：tomorrow，next year，in the future，soon等时间状语。 (4) 现在进行时标志：at this moment，at present，now等时间状语。 (5) 现在完成时标志：since，in the last few years，so far/up to now等时间状语。 (6) 过去完成时标志：by then，by the end of...等时间状语。
2.瞻前顾后找并列 (1)根据并列连词and，but，or，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等确定动词时态。 (2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。
3.通过常用句式法 (1)was/were doing... when...＋一般过去时 (2)was/were about to do... when...＋一般过去时 (3)it is the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋现在完成时 (4)it was the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋过去完成时 (5)No sooner had＋主语＋done... than＋一般过去时 (6)Hardly/Scarcely had＋主语＋done... when＋一般过去时 (7)It will be＋时间段＋before＋一般现在时
4.通过语境暗示法 分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，而没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一种行之有效的方法。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Only 12 weeks ago, he ____________ (undergo) a major heart transplant surgery.
1.underwent
解析：考查动词过去式。句意：仅仅12周前，他接受了一次大型心脏移植手术。分析句子可知，设空处应填动词作谓语，根据时间状语“12 weeks ago”可知，句子应用一般过去时，undergo的过去式是underwent，意为“接受（手术等）”。故填underwent。
2．The dog ____________ (jump) over the wall and ran after the chicken.
2.jumped
解析：考查时态。句意：那只狗跳过围墙，然后追着那只鸡跑了起来。根据后文and ran after the chicken可知为一般过去时。故填jumped。
3．Look! The star ____________ (wear) a black hat there.
3.is wearing
解析：考查谓语动词。句意：看！那颗星星在那里戴着一顶黑色的帽子。根据句意可知，描述正在发生的事情，用现在进行时，主语the star为单数，be动词用is。故填is wearing。
4．As the city ____________ (expand), dozens of modern buildings have been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.
4.expands
解析：考查动词时态。句意：随着城市的扩张，十年前还是荒地的地方已建起了数十座现代化建筑。as意为“随着”，“城市扩张”是一个持续进行的状态，且主句使用了现在完成时(have been set up)，说明“扩张”这一动作对现在产生了影响，从句应用一般现在时表示现阶段的情况。从句主语the city为第三人称单数。故填expands。
5．I____________ (read) a book in the park when a little dog ran up to me.
5.was reading
解析：考查动词时态。句意：我正在公园里看书，这时一只小狗跑到了我面前。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型was/were doing...when...“过去正在做某事，这时突然……”。主语“I”为第一人称单数，所以be动词用 “was”，“read”的现在分词是“reading”。故填was reading。
6．— Hi, Andrew. How can you improve your English so much
— The harder you work at it, the more progress you ____________ (make).
6.will make
解析：考查固定句型和时态。句意：——嗨，安德鲁。你的英语怎么能提高这么多？——你越努力，你取得的进步就越大。此处是固定句型“the+比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，就越……”,前一个“the＋比较级”相当于条件状语从句，后一个“the＋比较级”相当于主句。前者常用一般现在时，后者用一般将来时。故填will make。
7．It was hoped that his health ____________ (pick) up soon with the new treatment.
7.would pick
解析：考查时态。句意：人们希望在新疗法的作用下他的健康状况能尽快好转。空处为从句谓语动词，根据主句部分的时态和从句中的soon可知，此处应用过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间来看将来会发生的事。故填would pick。
8．China’s high-speed railways ____________ (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometres in the past few years.
8.have grown
解析：考查动词时态。句意：在过去几年里，中国的高铁里程从9000公里增长到了25000公里。根据时间状语“in the past few years (在过去几年里)”可知，“增长”这一动作从过去开始，持续到现在且已完成(达到25000公里这个数值)，应用现在完成时“have/has+过去分词”。主语China’s high-speed railways是复数形式，应用have，grow的过去分词为grown。故填have grown。
9．No wonder the children are excited; this is the first time they ____________ (be) abroad.
9.have been
解析：考查固定句型和时态。句意：难怪孩子们这么兴奋；这是他们第一次出国。此处是固定句型“That/This is/was the first time that...”，表示“那/这是某人第一次做某事”。在这个句型中，主句的时态(is/was)与从句的时态存在固定对应关系。若主句用一般现在时(is)，从句用现在完成时。若主句用一般过去时(was)，从句用过去完成时。根据主句里的is可知，此空应是现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)，强调“到目前为止的第一次”。“某人在国外”表述为Somebody is abroad，主系表结构。they是复数，应用have，be的过去分词是been。故填have been。
10．They ____________ (hope) to hold the school sports meeting, but it rained heavily.
10.had hoped
解析：考查动词时态。句意：他们原本希望举办学校运动会的，但下起了倾盆大雨。动词hope表示“希望”，在句中作谓语，根据but it rained heavily可知，空处表示原本希望，应用过去完成时。故填had hoped。
01 如何确定谓语动词的语态
1.依据逻辑关系辨析主动或被动
(1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态； 若是被动关系，则考虑用被动语态。
(2)被动语态的基本形式为： be＋过去分词，被动语态的时态体现在be动词上。
(3)只有及物动词(短语)才有被动语态，系动词和不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。
2.常考的几种时态的被动语态
(1)一般现在时：am/is/are done；
(2)一般过去时：was/were done；
(3) 过去将来时：would be done；
(4) 现在完成时：has/have been done。
(5) 含情态动词：情态动词+be done。
3.主动形式表被动含义句式结构
(1)当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等系动词后面接形容词时；
(2)当cut、read、sell、wear、write、wash、open、run、burn等动词后有状语(well、easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在品质或性能时，用主动形式表示被动含义。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．After the accident, the injured ___________ (take) to the nearest hospital in no time yesterday.
1.were taken
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：昨天事故发生后，伤者立即被送往最近的医院。“the + 形容词”表示一类人，这里the injured指“受伤的人”，是复数概念。根据时间状语yesterday可知，句子要用一般过去时；且the injured和take之间是被动关系，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语动词用were。故填were taken。
2．It___________ (announce) that a new headmaster will be appointed in charge of the new school.
2.is announced
解析：考查被动语态。句意：据宣布，将任命一位新校长来负责这所新学校。句子主语“It”与动词“announce”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；此处描述的是客观情况，用一般现在时。故填is announced。
3．A new policy___________ (discuss) in the meeting room at the moment.
3.is being discussed
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：此刻会议室里正在讨论一项新政策。此处为谓语动词，根据句中的时间状语“at the moment”可知，句子描述的是正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，主语“A new policy”与discuss之间是被动关系，因此应用现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are + being+过去分词”，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用is，discuss的过去分词是discussed。故填is being discussed。
4．I had to walk to work because my car___________ (repair).
4.was being repaired
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：我不得不步行去上班，因为我的车正在被修理。根据“I had to walk to work”可知，车当时正在被修理，强调过去某个时间正在进行的被动动作，应用过去进行时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were being + 过去分词”。主语my car是单数，be动词用was，repair的过去分词是repaired。故填was being repaired。
5．The students have been working hard on their lessons and___________ (reward) with success in their efforts in the end.
5.will be rewarded
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：学生们一直在努力学习功课，最终他们的努力将会得到成功的回报。reward为动词，意为“回报”，主语The students与谓语动词reward之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；结合语境，“努力学习”是当前持续的动作，“得到回报”是未来会发生的结果，应用一般将来时的被动语态“will be+过去分词”，reward的过去分词为rewarded。故填will be rewarded。
6．Over 500 winter coats ___________ (donate) to the homeless shelter since the program was started.
6.have been donated
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：自从这个项目启动以来，已有500多件冬衣被捐赠给了无家可归者收容所。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“since the program was started”可知，句子应用现在完成时；主语“Over 500 winter coats”与动词donate之间是被动关系，所以此处应用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为“have/has been+过去分词”；主语为复数，助动词用have，donate的过去分词是donated。故填have been donated。
7．Every means___________ (try) up to now, but we still can’t come up with a good way to handle the current dilemma.
7.has been tried
解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，所有方法都试过了，但我们仍然想不出一个好办法来应对当前的困境。句中“up to now”（到目前为止）是现在完成时的标志词，且主语 “every means”（每种方法）与谓语动词“try”之间是被动关系，因此需用现在完成时的被动语态。“means”单复数同形，此处“every means”表示单数概念，所以助动词用“has”。“try”的过去分词是“tried”，因此空格处应填入“has been tried”。故填has been tried。
8．Shakespeare’s play Hamlet___________ (make) into at least ten different films by the end of last year.
8.had been made
解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意：到去年年底，莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》已经被改编成至少十部不同的电影。分析句子可知，设空处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“by the end of last year”，可知应用过去完成时；主语“Shakespeare’s play Hamlet”与谓语动词“make”之间是被动关系，所以应使用过去完成时的被动语态，其结构为“had been+过去分词”，“make”的过去分词是“made”。故填had been made。
9．The length of the essay should___________ (limit) to about 400 words.
9.be limited
解析：考查动词语态。句意：这篇文章的长度应限制在400单词左右。主语The length of the essay与动词limit构成被动关系，因此使用被动语态结构“should be + 过去分词”，所给词limit的过去分词为limited。故填be limited。
10．Your car___________ (handle) easily. It’s much better than mine.
10.handles
解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：你的车好开。比我的好多了。空处作谓语，结合“It’s”可知，时态应用一般现在时，描述当前的情况，再结合“easily”可知，句子描述车子的内在特性，应用handle“驾驶”的主动形式表被动，且主语Your car是单数，handle需用第三人称单数形式。故填handles。
02如何确定谓语动词的主谓一致
1．语法一致原则
(1)分析句子结构发现提示词作谓语，且主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引导的短语时，要考虑谓语动词的数与短语前面的主语保持一致；
(2)在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数保持一致；
(3)“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and 连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
2．就近一致原则
(1)or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also)..., not...but...等连接并列主语时；
(2)there/here be句式。
3．意义一致原则
(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念时，谓语动词用单数；
(2)动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数；
(3)由分数、百分数或者some、a part of等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数；
(4)“the＋形容词”表示抽象概念，作主语时谓语动词用单数；“the＋形容词”表示一类人或物，作主语时谓语动词用复数。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Many a college student___________ (be) sent to the poor area to help the children there last month.
1.was
解析：考查主谓一致和时态。句意：上个月，许多大学生被派往贫困地区帮助那里的孩子。句中时间状语last month表明动作发生在过去，故谓语应用一般过去时。主语是Many a college student，“many a + 单数可数名词”形式上为单数，其谓语动词需用单数形式 (意义上表示复数，许多...)。故填was。
2．Having a lot in common between cultures___________ (result) in easier understanding and mutual respect.
2.results
解析：考查主谓一致和时态。句意：不同文化之间有很多共同点，就更容易理解和相互尊重。分析句子可知，句子主语为动名词短语“Having a lot in common between cultures”，表示“不同文化之间有许多共同点”这一抽象概念，视为单数主语。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。单数主语后接动词第三人称单数形式，故填results。
3．Every boy and every girl___________ (wish) to attend the English Evening to be held on Saturday.
3.wishes
解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：每个男孩和女孩都希望参加周六举行的英语晚会。当“every + 单数名词 + and + every + 单数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词需用单数形式。本句中“Every boy and every girl”作为主语，谓语动词用单数，结合句意可知，该句应为陈述一般事实，为一般现在时，因此“wish”应使用第三人称单数形式“wishes”。故填wishes。
4．I think either you or she ___________ (be) wrong, and you'd better go and say sorry to her.
4.is
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意： 我认为要么是你要么是她错了，你最好去向她道歉。由 either...or...连接两个人称代词作主语，结合think可知句子陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，根据“就近一致”原则可知，be动词应与she保持一致，用第三人称单数形式is。 故填is。
5．The number of guests invited___________ (be) 50, but a number of them___________ (be) absent for the heavy rain.
5.was, were
解析：考查一般过去时和主谓一致。句意：邀请的客人人数是50人，但有许多人因大雨而缺席。此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。The number of +名词复数，谓语用单数形式，be动词应用was。第二处主语a number of them为复数，be动词应用were。故填①was②were。
01 如何确定填写非谓语动词
1.如何确定所给动词填非谓语动词
考例1：___________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park，the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)
答案：Covering
解析：分析句子结构可知，此句没有并列连词，知不是并列句，也没有从属连词，知不是复合句，可以确定此句是简单句；此句话已经有了谓语动词will be，所以该空应填非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该词在句中作状语，其逻辑主语是the GPNP，它们是主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式；此空位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Covering。
考例2： Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on seat 20, ___________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. (2022全国甲卷)
答案 planning
解析：句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。
2. 非谓语句法功能
类型 主语 宾语 定语 状语 宾语补足语 表语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ √
现在分词 √ √ √ √
过去分词 √ √ √ √
02 非谓语作主语
1. 动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语，即动词不定式移到句子的后面。
It's a great pleasure to talk with you.和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。
2. 动名词作主语动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作。下列句型中常用动名词作主语。
It i a waste of time doing…
It is no use good doing sth.
It is no good coming before that.在那之前来没有好处。
3. 动词不定式与动名词作表语动词不定式作表语表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作，而动名词作表语表示通常的情况。
My dream is to enter Beijing University.我的梦想是考入北京大学。
My job is teaching you English.我的工作是教你们英语。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．It’s no use ___________ (talk) to her. She is stubborn.
1.talking
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：跟她谈话是没用的。她很固执。固定句型It’s no use doing sth.，表示“做……是没有用的”，it为形式主语，动名词是真正的主语。故填talking。
2．___________ (expose) to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.
2.Being exposed
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：长时间暴露在阳光下会对你的皮肤有害。本句已有谓语动词will be，故空处需用非谓语动词，作主语；动词expose与逻辑主语you之间是被动关系，表示“被暴露”，故空处需用动名词的被动形式being done作主语，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Being exposed。
3．There is no doubt that it is vital___________ (have) a good command of some knowledge of first aid.
3.to have
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：毫无疑问，熟练掌握一些急救知识是至关重要的。此处为固定句型“It is vital to do sth.”，其中“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语，所给词“have”是动词，所以此处为不定式形式to have。故填to have。
4．It took her months ___________ (recover) from the shock of the accident.
4.to recover
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：她花了好几个月才从事故的震惊中恢复过来。固定句型“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”，表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，所以此处应用动词recover“恢复”的不定式to recover，作真正的主语。故填to recover。
5．It’s my honour ___________ (share) with you my views on this phenomenon today.
5.to share
解析：考查不定式。句意：今天能和你分享我对这个现象的看法是我的荣幸。It’s one’s honour to do sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事是某人的荣幸”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式 to do sth.，所以此处填 to share。故填to share。
03 非谓语作宾语
1.不定式作宾语
①常跟不定式作宾语的动词：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish，refuse，manage，volunteer，pretend
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask/beg，help
My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。
We agreed to meet at the school gate.我们一致同意在校门口见面。
②动词tell，show，understand，know，explain，learn，advise等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。
Please tell me when to start the project.请告诉我何时开始这个项目。
③在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。
We think it our duty to protect the environment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
2.动名词作宾语
①常跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想 consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse，admit，delay, fancy
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 avoid，miss，go on/keep on，practise，deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免 forbid，imagine，risk，can’t help，mind，allow/permit，escape
He tried to avoid answering my questions. 他试图对我的问题避而不答。
We only missed seeing each other by five minutes. 我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。
My mother couldn’t help smiling when she heard the good news.听到那个好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。
②介词后要跟动名词作宾语，但是介词but后跟不定式作宾语。
After eating in her restaurant people would become tired very quickly.
人们在她的餐馆里吃过饭以后，很快就会感到疲乏。
They had no choice but to wait here.他们别无选择只有在这儿等待。
③由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有be used to (习惯于)，feel like (想要)，insist on (坚持)，get down to (开始)，devote...to...(致力于…)，object to (反对)，stick to (坚持)，give up (放弃)等。
With many reference materials in hand，he got down to writing his graduation thesis.
手头有许多参考资料，他开始写毕业论文。
3.下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：
mean to do sth打算做某事mean doing sth意味着做某事
forget to do sth忘记要去做某事未做forget doing sth忘记做过某事已做过)
regret to do sth对要做的事感到遗憾未做regret doing sth对做过的事后悔已做
try to do sth努力去做某事try doing sth尝试做某事
go on to do sth继续做另一件事go on doing sth继续做原来做的事
remember to do sth记住去做某事未做remember doing sth记得做过某事已做
I meant to give you this book today，but I forgot.我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。
Missing this train means waiting for another hour. 错过这辆火车意味着得再等一小时。
4．在need，want，require等后表示被动意义，不定式要用被动语态，动名词不需要。
My bike needs to be repaired.＝My bike needs repairing. 我的自行车需要修理。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Our neighbour threatened (call) the police if we didn’t stop the noise.
1.to call
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的邻居威胁说，如果我们不停止制造噪音，他就要报警。threaten to do sth为固定搭配，意为“威胁要做某事”，空处需填动词不定式作宾语。故填to call。
2．I found it difficult (fall) asleep in such a hot day.
2.to fall
考查非谓语动词。句意：在这么炎热的天气里，我很难入睡。此处为find it adj. to do sth.，不定式作真正宾语，故填to fall。
3．She tried (breathe) slowly to calm her nerves, but failed.
3.to breathe
考查不定式。句意：她试着慢慢呼吸，让自己平静下来，但是失败了。try to do sth.是固定短语，意为“尝试做某事”，因此空格处用不定式作宾语。故填to breathe。
4．He asked me if I had considered (visit) Zhangjiajie with him that weekend.
4.visiting
考查非谓语动词。句意：他问我是否考虑过那个周末和他一起去张家界游玩。consider doing sth.表示“考虑做某事”，此处应用visit“参观，游览”的动名词形式visiting，作宾语。故填visiting。
5．Many people now would rely on (surf) the Internet rather than read the newspaper for news.
5.surfing
考查动名词。句意：现在很多人会依赖上网而不是读报纸来获取新闻。动词短语rely on意为“依赖，依靠”，on是介词，后接动词时应用动名词形式，作宾语。所给词surf的动名词形式为surfing，意为“上网”。故填surfing。
04 非谓语作定语
1．不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式to be done作定语表示将来、被动的动作。
You are supposed to take this opportunity to realize your dream.你应该抓住这个机会去实现你的梦想。
The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。
(2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。
He had no pen to write with so he had to borrow one from his neighbour.
他没有钢笔写字，不得不从邻居那儿借了一支。
(3)当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last，the only等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
2．分词作定语
(1)及物动词的分词形式作定语作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用being＋过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。
The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine.
公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主动)
We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行)
The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。(被动、完成)
(2)不及物动词的分词形式作定语作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。
falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)
fallen leaves落叶(表完成)
3．动名词作定语
动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。
a walking stick拐杖a reading room阅览室 a sleeping car卧铺车
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Hangzhou will be the third Chinese city ___________ (host) the Asian Games after Beijing and Guangzhou.
1.to host
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：杭州将成为继北京和广州之后，第三个举办亚运会的中国城市。名词city前面有序数词修饰，需用动词不定式to host，作后置定语。故填to host。
2．We are now at a ___________ (turn) point, so we should be very careful with our decision.
2.turning
解析：考查固定短语。句意：我们现在正处于一个转折点，所以我们应该非常谨慎地做出决定。固定短语turning point意为“转折点”，动名词turning作定语。故填turning。
3．The couple lived in a furnished flat ___________ (measure) approximately 15 metres by 16 metres.
3.measuring
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这对夫妇住在一间面积约为15米乘16米的带家具的公寓里。句中已有谓语动词lived，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词flat，measure“有……长（或宽、高、重等）”和flat“公寓”为主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填measuring。
4．The old building ___________ (date) back to the Sui Dynasty is still in good condition.
4.dating
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这座可追溯到隋朝的老建筑仍然保存完好。句中已有谓语is，所以date back to（追溯到）要用非谓语形式。The old building与date back to是主动关系，故用现在分词短语dating back to the Sui Dynasty作后置定语，故填dating。
5．I’m writing to apply for the position ___________ (advertise) on the newspaper and I think I’m qualified for it.
5.advertised
解析：考查过去分词。句意：我正写信申请在报纸上刊登的职位，我认为自己能胜任。分析句子可知，“...on the newspaper”作后置定语修饰空前的名词position (职位)。advertise与position是动宾关系，职位被刊登，空处应用过去分词形式。故填advertised。
05 非谓语作状语
1．不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语
不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。
To pass the college entrance exam，we must work hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。
The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers. 公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。
(2)作结果状语
不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：only to(不料……)、enough to(足够……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。
Tom hurried back only to find that his mother had left. 汤姆匆忙赶回来，结果却发现他的母亲已经离开了。
He is clever enough to work out the difficult maths problem.他足够聪明，能解决这道数学难题。
I’m too tired to stay up any longer. 我太累了，不能再熬夜了。
(3)作原因状语
形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。常用于这类结构的形容词和过去分词有sorry，surprised，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish等。
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
我们吃惊地发现，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
注意：形容词如easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，后面也常用不定式作状语，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。
The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day.
早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。
This book is difficult to understand. 这本书很难理解。
2．分词作状语
分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。
(1)作时间状语相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句。
Translated into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
当这个句子被译成英语时，人们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。
(2)作原因状语相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句。
①Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it.
②Defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged.
由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。
(3)作条件状语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.
如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。
(4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。
More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。
(5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。
One evening Harry phoned me，asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.
一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。
(6)作让步状语相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。
Warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.
虽然被警告有危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。
注意：某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。
Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room. 专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
Dressed in red，she looks more beautiful. 穿着红色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．___________(engage) in making a difference to society, the students sought to be active citizens.
1.Engaged
解析： 考查过去分词。句意：这些学生致力于为社会做出贡献，努力成为积极的公民。逗号后是主句，根据“sb. be engaged in sth. (投入到……，致力于……，从事)”的固定搭配可知，此空应用过去分词engaged。句首字母大写。故填Engaged。
2．___________ (convince) of the accuracy of the data, they stuck to their opinion.
2.Convinced
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他们确信数据的准确性，坚持他们的观点。本句谓语为stuck to，此处为非谓语动词，作状语，convince“使信服”与逻辑主语they之间是被动关系，用过去分词convinced，且位于句首，首字母大写。故填Convinced。
3．___________ (combine) your knowledge with your experience, you are sure to succeed.
3.Combining
解析：考查现在分词。句意：把你的知识和经验结合起来，你一定会成功的。非谓语动词combine和主语you是逻辑主动关系，combine用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Combining。
4．He hurriedly rushed to the station, only___________ (inform) that the train would arrive late.
4.to be informed
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他匆忙地赶到车站，结果被告知火车晚点了。设空处作结果状语，表示意外的结果，用不定式；且inform和He之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故使用不定式的被动式。故填to be informed。
5．___________ (free) ourselves from the physical and mental tension, we each need inner quietness.
5.To free
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了把自己从身心紧张中解放出来，我们每个人都需要内心的平静。句中已有谓语need，空处作非谓语动词，结合语意，为了缓解身心紧张，我们会需要内心平静，设空处应填动词不定式作目的状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填To free。
06 非谓语作宾语补足语
1．后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词及动词短语
(1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：advise建议allow允许encourage 鼓励permit准许forbid 禁止force 强迫intend打算invite 邀请order 命令；要求persuade说服require 需要；要求remind 提醒warn 警告。
The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat. 医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。
He depends on you to help him with his English. 他指望你帮助他学英语。
(2)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是：be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth
He is said to have been cheated in the street. 据说，他在大街上被骗了。
The accident is reported to have killed two people.据报道，那次事故中有两人丧生。
2．非谓语动词作感官动词、使役动词的宾补
(1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear， feel的宾语补足语有四种形式。
I saw him leave a few minutes ago. 我看见他几分钟前离开了。
As I got closer，I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。
注意：“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。
The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态) 有人看见小偷进了银行。
(2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况：
The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。
He tried to make himself understood.他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚。
Don’t let your child play with matches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。
3．“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构
(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。
He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky. 他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。
(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态。
With his hair cut，he looked much younger. 理了发，他看起来年轻多了。
(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生。
With a lot of homework to do，I can’t go skating with you.因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．We want to persuade males (think) about career options of going into nursing.
1.to think
解析：考查不定式。句意：我们想说服男性考虑从事护理工作的职业选择。persuade sb. to do sth.为固定短语，意为“说服某人做某事”。“to think”在句中作宾语补足语。故填to think。
2．With prices (range)from about $40 to $100, the shoes can be easy to get.
2.ranging
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这些鞋子的价格从大约40美元到100美元不等，很容易买到。句子的谓语为can be，因此设空处需用非谓语形式。空格所在部分为“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的复合结构。根据所给词可知，考查动词短语range from...to...，意为“范围从……到……”，range与逻辑主语prices之间为主谓关系，故应用现在分词ranging作宾语补足语。故填ranging。
3．The boat was filled with water and sank, and Toad found himself (struggle) in deep water.
3.struggling
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：船里灌满了水，沉了下去，托德发现自己正在深水里挣扎。句子使用固定结构“find oneself +宾语补足语”，意为“发现自己……”，himself与struggle之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词struggling作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。故填struggling。
4．We put up some photos of top universities in the classroom to keep ourselves (remind) of our dreams.
4.reminded
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我们在教室里放了一些顶尖大学的照片，提醒自己我们的梦想。句中put是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词，ourselves和remind之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词表被动，作宾语补足语，故填reminded。
5．With the package (deliver) to the door, she finally sighed with relief.
5.delivered
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：包裹送到门口，她终于松了口气。空处在with复合结构中作宾补，deliver和宾语package之间为动宾关系，且动作已经完成，应用过去分词delivered作宾补。故填delivered。
07 非谓语作表语
1. 不定式（to do）作表语
用法：通常用于表达目的、意图、愿望、职业、能力等，对主语进行解释，说明主语的具体内容或目标。
My dream is to become a successful writer. 我的梦想是成为一名成功的作家。
2. 动名词（doing）作表语
用法：表示主语的惯常行为或状态，强调主语的性质或身份，通常与主语可互换位置且逻辑通顺。
My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。
3. 分词（现在分词/过去分词）作表语
现在分词：表示主语的性质、特点或令人……的状态，常修饰物。
The news is exciting. 这个消息令人兴奋。
过去分词done：表示主语的感受或所处的被动状态，常修饰人。
We are excited at the good news. 我们对这个好消息感到兴奋。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．He had only six years of schooling, and his ambition was (become) a sailor.
1.to become
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他只上了六年学，他的志向是成为一名水手。根据“his ambition”可知，此处应用不定式作表语，说明主语的具体内容。故填to become。
2．Your task is (clean) the old car over there on your own.
2.cleaning
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：你的任务是自己清理那边的旧车。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作表语，根据下文“the old car over there on your own(自己……那边的旧车)”可知下文是主语task的内容，应使用动名词，故填cleaning。
3．Although it has been buried underground for over 1,000 years, the ancient queen’s body remains well (preserve).
3.preserved
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管这位古代女王的尸体已被埋在地下1000多年，但仍然保存完好。“remain”是系动词，后接形容词、名词或非谓语动词作表语，此处body和“preserve(保存)”之间是被动关系，即“身体被保存”，所以用过去分词preserved作表语，构成“remain well preserved”结构，表示“仍然保存完好”。故填preserved。
4． (attach) to the email is a copy of document bearing her signature.
4.Attached
解析：考查固定短语。句意：邮件附件是一份有她签名的文件副本。此处为短语be attached to表示“附在……上，附属于”，本句为分词置于句首的倒装结构，首字母大写。故填Attached。
5．The guests came in, but she remained (sit) by the desk.
5.sitting
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：客人们进来了，但她仍然坐在桌子旁边。remain为系动词，又sit和she为逻辑主动关系，故其后接现在分词作表语，表示正在进行的主动动作，remain doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“依然做某事，保持某动作”。故填sitting。
01 如何确定填写动词词类转换
提示词为动词，如果该动词在句中既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则要考虑动词词形转换。动词转换成名词还是形容词，则要根据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析。
考例1：Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the _________(criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. (2024浙江卷1月)
[答案] criticism。考查名词。提示词为动词，根据空前的定冠词the及空后的定语从句“that they lead to waste”可知，空处应作because of的宾语，空处应用名词形式。
考例2：They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the _________(complete) of their journey. (2024全国甲卷)
[答案] completion。考查名词。提示词为动词，根据前面的the和后面的of可知，空处应用名词completion。
02 动词转化为名词
名词后缀 单词示例
－er/ －or announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员 instruct→instructor 指导者，教师 design→designer设计师
－ment achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论；论据 equip →equipment装备；设备 govern→government政府
－y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现
－ance/ －ence appear→appearance出现；外貌 perform→performance表演；表现 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅
－ure/ －ture fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物)
－ing hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始 build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告
－ion/ －tion/ －sion/ correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝 conclude→conclusion结论；结束 discuss→discussion讨论；论述 decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认；准许加入 permit→permission允许，许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．If you fail to keep the dentist’s __________ (appoint), you’ll have to pay for it.
1.appointment
解析：考查名词。句意：如果你未能按时赴约看牙医，你将不得不为此付出代价。空前有the dentist’s，所以空处用名词，作宾语。appointment意为“约会，预约”。故填appointment。
2．Many people choose the train in__________ (prefer) to the car to travel.
2.preference
解析：考查名词。句意：许多人宁愿选择火车而不是汽车出行。本空作介词in的宾语；用名词形式preference“偏爱，喜爱”。故填preference。
3．The __________ (explore) of Mars by the newest robotic system will begin next month.
3.exploration
解析：考查名词。句意：通过最新机器人系统进行的火星探索将于下个月开始。根据空前冠词The和空后介词of可知，此空应是名词作句子主语。所给词explore为动词，意为“探索”。其名词exploration意为“探索，勘探”。the exploration of...意为“对……的探索”。故填exploration。
4．The__________ (destroy) of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.
4.destruction
解析：考查名词。句意：这种物种的破坏可能会阻止研究人员找到某些疾病的治疗方法。分析句子结构可知，此空应填名词作主语，destruction，表“破坏”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故填destruction。
5．The __________ (adapt) of the play by the famous writer became popular in the country.
5.adaptation
解析：考查名词。句意：那位著名作家的戏剧的改编本在全国广受欢迎。本空作主语，应用名词adaptation“改编本”，为可数名词，特指一本戏剧的改编本，应用单数形式。故填adaptation。
03 动词转化为形容词
形容词后缀 单词示例
－able suit vt.适合→suitable adj.合适的adjust vt.调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的
－ed frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj. 沮丧的annoy vt.使生气→annoyed adj. 恼怒的
－ing convince vt.使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的thrill vt.使兴奋→ thrilling adj.令人兴奋的
－ful forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的succeed vt.成功→successful adj. 成功的
－ive comprehend v. 理解→comprehensive adj. 综合性的create v. 创造→creative adj.有创造力的
－ant tolerate v.容忍→tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的ignore v. 忽视→ignorant adj. 无知的，愚昧的
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．His mix of talent, ambition, energy, and luck made Dickens one of the world’s best-known and most ___________ (distinguish) writers.
1.distinguished
解析：考查形容词。句意：狄更斯集才华、抱负、精力和运气于一身，使他成为世界上最知名、最杰出的作家之一。此处需要一个形容词与“best-known”并列，修饰名词“writers”。所给词“distinguish”是动词，意为“区分；使杰出”，其对应的形容词“distinguished”意为“杰出的；著名的”，符合句意。故填distinguished。
2．At the graduation ceremony, I bowed low to our ___________ (dedicate) English teacher to thank her for her guidance and encouragement.
2.dedicated
解析：考查形容词。句意：在毕业典礼上，我向我们敬业的英语老师深深鞠躬，感谢她的指导和鼓励。此处需要一个形容词修饰名词“English teacher”，所给词“dedicate”是动词，意为“致力于；奉献”，其对应的形容词“dedicated”意为“敬业的；献身的”，符合句意。故填dedicated。
3．Teaching young children is a ___________ (challenge) but rewarding job.
3.challenging
解析：考查形容词。句意：教幼儿是一项具有挑战性但有益的工作。空格处需填入形容词修饰job，且与rewarding并列；challenge的形容词形式为challenging，意为“具有挑战性的”。故填challenging。
4．Standing on the top of the mountain, we can have a good view of the ___________ (surround) hills.
4.surrounding
解析：考查形容词。句意：站在山顶上，我们可以很好地看到周围的山丘。设空处修饰名词hills作定语，应用形容词surrounding，表示周围的。故填surrounding。
5．___________ (absorb) in his study, Mr. Li is always forgetting something, which often makes his wife angry. 5.Absorbed
解析：考查形容词。句意：李先生全神贯注于他的工作，总是会忘记一些事情，这常常让他的妻子感到生气。此处作状语，用形容词absorbed，首字母大写。故填Absorbed。
(
括号内给动词
综合能力提升
)
一、单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．It (strike) me that no one was at home when I found I had left my key behind at home.
1.struck
解析：考查固定句型及时态。句意：当我发现把钥匙忘在家里时，我突然想到家里没人。“It strikes sb. that...”是固定句型，意为“某人突然想到……” 。由“found”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，“strike”的过去式是“struck” ，在句中作谓语。故填struck。
2．I (expect) to arrive on time, but I was caught in the traffic jam.
2.had expected
解析：考查动词时态。句意：我本期望能准时到达，但却遇上了交通堵塞。根据“but I was caught in the traffic jam (但我遇上了交通堵塞)”可知，“遇上堵车”用的是一般过去时，因此是过去发生的动作。“期望准时到达”是发生在“遇上堵车”之前，是“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时（had+过去分词）来体现动作的先后顺序。had expected to表示“本期望……，但结果并非如此”。故填had expected。
3．If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that (suit) everyone.
3.suits
解析：考查动词时态。句意：如果你从各个角度审视这一情况，或许能找到一个适合所有人的解决办法。所填动词在定语从句“that ______ (suit) everyone”中作谓语动词，描述的是客观情况，需用一般现在时。从句先行词为“a solution”，是单数名词，定语从句中的关系代词“that”指代单数先行词，因此谓语动词“suit”需用第三人称单数形式 “suits”。故填suits。
4．He would have attended your birthday party, but he (occupy) himself with an important experiment.
4.occupied
解析：考查动词时态。句意：他本来会参加你的生日派对，但他当时忙于一项重要的实验。前半句“He would have attended...”是虚拟语气结构，表示与过去事实相反的假设（本来会做某事却没做），后半句“but he... with an important experiment”是陈述过去的真实情况，因此要用一般过去时。故填occupied。
5．What (attract) me most to the job was the chance to travel abroad.
5.attracted
解析：考查动词时态。句意：这份工作最吸引我的地方是有机会出国旅行。What引导的从句在句中作主语，空处为从句的谓语动词，根据主句的谓语动词“was”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，attract的过去式为attracted。故填attracted。
6．She was astonished; this was the first time she (hear) of such things.
6.had heard
解析：考查动词时态。句意：她很惊讶；这是她第一次听说这样的事情。根据“this was the first time”可知，此处是固定句型“this was the first time+从句”。该句型中从句用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，表示“到过去某个时间为止第一次做某事”。hear的过去分词为heard。故填had heard。
7．The naughty boy pretended (read) when the headmaster came into the classroom.
7.to be reading
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：校长走进教室时，那个淘气的男孩假装在看书。此处表示“假装正在做某事”，动词pretend后面应该用不定式的进行时to be reading作宾语。故填to be reading。
8．Teenagers may find it difficult (resist) peer pressure.
8.to resist
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：青少年可能会发现很难抵制同伴压力。 固定句型find it+adj.+to do sth.表示“发现做某事是…”，其中it为形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语。所以此处使用动词resist的不定式形式。故填to resist。
9． (admit) to Peking University makes my parents excited and proud.
9.Being admitted/Having been admitted
解析：考查动名词。句意：被北京大学录取让我的父母感到兴奋和自豪。admit为动词，表示“接纳、接收”，动词短语be admitted to表示“被……录取”，在句中作主语，表示一般行为，故应用其动名词形式being admitted；空处表示已经被北京大学录取，故还可用动名词的完成式having been admitted表达；句首字母大写。故填Being admitted/Having been admitted。
10．It is no use (complain) all the time and the most important thing you should do is look for the bright side of life.
plaining
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一直抱怨是没有用的，你应该做的最重要的事情是寻找生活的光明面。It is no use doing...意为“做某事是没有用的”，空处需填动名词complaining，作主语，It作形式主语。故填complaining。
11．I really appreciate your (call) back this afternoon.
11.calling
解析：考查动名词。句意：非常感谢你今天下午再打来。空处与形容词性物主代词your构成复合结构，用动名词calling。故填calling。
12．With the final exam (approach), all the students were busy going over their lessons.
12.approaching
解析：考查现在分词。句意：随着期末考试的临近，所有学生都在忙着复习功课。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，approach与宾语the final exam之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式作宾补。故填approaching。
13．The five young men (arrest) by the police last week are being questioned in connection with one of the attacks.
13.arrested
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：上周被警方逮捕的五名年轻人正在就其中一起袭击事件接受讯问。本句已有谓语are being questioned，动词arrest“逮捕”用非谓语形式，逻辑主语The five young men与动词arrest是动宾关系，用过去分词，作后置定语，修饰名词The five young men。故填arrested。
14．When (walk) his dog in the park, he came across an old friend of his.
14.walking
解析：考查时态，主谓一致和省略。句意：在公园遛狗的时候，他碰到了他的一位老朋友。when引导的时间状语从句表示“当他在公园遛狗的时候”，由came可知，从句中时态用过去进行时，主语he是单数，因此when引导的从句是when he was walking his dog in the park，从句中主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处用walking。故填walking。
15．The film star appeared, (accompany) by a team of strong bodyguards.
15.accompanied
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这位电影明星在一队强壮的保镖陪同下出现了。句中已有谓语动词appeared，故空处需填非谓语动词，作状语，The film star和accompany“陪同”为被动关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填accompanied。
16．The school held an (impress) coming-of-age ceremony for the students.
16.impressive
解析：考查形容词。句意：学校为学生们举行了一场令人印象深刻的成人礼。空处需用形容词修饰名词短语coming-of age ceremony，应用形容词impressive“令人印象深刻的”，作定语。故填impressive。
17．His (rely) advice helped me solve problems in cross-cultural communication.
17.reliable
解析：考查形容词。句意：他可靠的建议帮助我解决了跨文化沟通中的问题。分析句子结构可知，此空应填形容词作定语修饰后面名词advice；reliable，表“可靠的、可信赖的”，为形容词，符合语境。故填reliable。
18．His (commit) to science has inspired many young researchers.
mitment
解析：考查名词。句意：他对科学的献身激励了许多年轻的研究人员。根据空前的His可知，空处应用名词作主语。commitment意为“献身，投入”，不可数。故填commitment。
19．The (distribute) of resources is unbalanced between rural and urban schools.
19.distribution
解析：考查名词。句意：城乡学校之间的资源分配不平衡。此处作主语，应用名词distribution“分配”。故填distribution。
20．The movie is a faithful (adapt) of the classic novel, preserving most of the original plot.
20.adaptation
解析：考查名词。句意：这部电影是对这部经典小说的忠实改编，保留了原著的大部分情节。根据空前形容词faithful可知，空处需填名词，作表语，所给词adapt为动词，意为“改编”，其对应的名词形式为adaptation，意为 “改编本”，是可数名词，根据空前不定冠词a可知，空处需用名词单数形式。故填adaptation。
二、动词与语法填空
（25-26高三上·山西大同·开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In Zhengzhou, Henan province, the brand-new Dahecun Site Museum takes visitors on a real-life journey through the evolution of Chinese civilization 1 (date) back 7,000 years. Opened on June 14, the museum showcases over 1,600 artifacts from more than 30 archaeological (考古学的) sites, many of 2 are being displayed publicly for the first time.
Never before has the early history of China felt so close. With 3 (advance) digital technology, the museum breathes life into Yangshao culture, known for its painted pottery and marking 4 beginning of modern Chinese archaeology.
One of the most eye-catching exhibits is a 6,000-year-old twin pottery pot. Not only does its side-by-side design reflect tribal unity and friendship, but it also stands 5 a symbol of peace and artistic excellence. This masterpiece, once 6 (keep) in the Henan Museum for over 50 years, has finally returned to where it was first unearthed.
7 (equal) impressive is a city wall from the late Yangshao period, rare evidence of early Chinese urban planning, which enables visitors 8 (admire) over 50 pottery pieces with sun and butterfly patterns and gain insight into the imagination and beliefs of ancient people.
Not until one enters the immersive zone can the distant past feel so real. Recreated 9 (scene) of pottery-making and farming allow visitors to see, hear and even smell the life of early settlers. So far, this unique experience 10 (bring) Chinese culture to life.
【答案】1．dating 2．which 3．advanced 4．the 5．as 6．kept 7．Equally 8．to admire 9．scenes 10．has brought
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了河南省郑州市新落成的大河村遗址博物馆，该博物馆通过先进的数字技术展示了中国7000年文明的演变，让早期中国历史触手可及。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：在河南省郑州市，全新落成的大河村遗址博物馆带领游客踏上了一段穿越中国7000年文明演变的真实旅程。“(date) back 7,000 years”作定语，date back(追溯到)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“Chinese civilization”之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填dating。
2．考查定语从句。句意：该博物馆于6月14日开放，展出了来自30多个考古遗址的1600多件文物，其中许多是首次公开展出。“many of _____ are being displayed publicly for the first time”是定语从句，修饰先行词“artifacts”，指物，关系词将其代入定语从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
3．考查形容词。句意：借助先进的数字技术，博物馆为以彩陶闻名、标志着中国现代考古学开端的仰韶文化注入了活力。提示词修饰名词短语digital technology，用形容词advanced作定语，意为“先进的”。故填advanced。
4．考查冠词。句意：借助先进的数字技术，博物馆为以彩陶闻名、标志着中国现代考古学开端的仰韶文化注入了活力。根据“of modem Chinese archaeology”可知，特指中国现代考古学的开端，用定冠词the限定名词beginning。故填the。
5．考查介词。句意：它并排的设计不仅反映了部落的团结和友谊，也是和平与艺术卓越的象征。stand as是固定短语，意为“作为……而存在，成为”，符合句意。故填as。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：这件在河南博物馆保存了50多年的杰作，终于回到了最初出土的地方。“(keep) in the Henan Museum for over 50 years”作定语，keep(保存)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“This masterpiece”之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填kept。
7．考查副词。句意：同样令人印象深刻的是仰韶文化晚期的一段城墙，这是中国早期城市规划的罕见证据，它让游客可以欣赏到50多件带有太阳和蝴蝶图案的陶器，并深入了解古代人民的想象力和信仰。提示词修饰形容词impressive，用副词equally作状语，意为“同样地”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Equally。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：同样令人印象深刻的是仰韶文化晚期的一段城墙，这是中国早期城市规划的罕见证据，它让游客可以欣赏到50多件带有太阳和蝴蝶图案的陶器，并深入了解古代人民的想象力和信仰。“enable sb. to do sth.”是固定短语，意为“使某人能够做某事”，用不定式作宾语补足语。故填to admire。
9．考查名词。句意：重新制作的制陶和务农场景让游客能够看到、听到甚至闻到早期定居者的生活气息。可数名词scene(场景)作主语，根据“pottery-making and farming”可知，场景包括制陶和务农，用复数形式。故填scenes。
10．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，这种独特的体验让中国文化栩栩如生。bring(带来)是谓语动词，根据时间状语“So far”可知，讲述从过去持续到现在的事情，用现在完成时，主语experience(体验)是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has brought。
试卷第1页，共3页
1中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题01 语法填空之提示词为动词 (
目录
01知识脑图·学科框架速建
02考点精析·知识能力全解
【知能解读01】
括号内给动词思维导图
【知能解读02】
括号内给动词解读
【知能解读03】
如何判定作谓语还是非谓语
【知能解读04】
如何确定谓语动词的时态
03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破
【重难点突破01】如何确定谓语动词的语态
【重难点突破0
2
】如何确定谓语的主谓一致
04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗
【易混易错01】如何确定填写非谓语动词
【易混易错0
2
】非谓语作主语
【易混易错0
3
】非谓语作宾语
【易混易错0
4
】非谓语作定语
【易混易错0
5
】非谓语作状语
【易混易错0
6
】非谓语作宾语补足语
【易混易错0
7
】非谓语作表语
05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解
【用法拓展0
1
】如何确定填写动词词类转换
【用法拓展0
2
】动词转化为名词
【用法拓展0
3
】动词转化为形容词
)
01括号内给动词思维导图
02括号内给动词解读
语法填空括号内给动词的三种填法：
一是谓语动词方向，然后进一步考虑该谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致；
二是非谓语动词方向，再结合语境逻辑和搭配考虑用不定式、-ing或过去分词；
三是动词词类转换方向，结合语境考虑动词转化为名词或形容词，甚至副词。
03如何判定作谓语还是非谓语
1. 判定作谓语还是非谓语思维导图
解读：双无—一个句子无谓语，无连接词，所给动词应考虑填谓语。
双有—一个句子有谓语，且有连接词，所给动词应考虑填谓语。
有谓无连—一个句子有谓语，但是后边动词所在句子无连接词，考虑非谓语。
2．分析句子结构，填写谓语动词三种情况：
若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所需词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。一个句子（包含从句）谓语有三种情况：
单一谓语：
考例1：（简单句）Up to now, China has established a number of protected areas with mangroves. (2023北京卷)
考例2：（复合句）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, which originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. (2025全国一卷)
双谓语：
考例3：He quickly threw his tools aside, and started running, arms out. (2022新课标II卷)
三谓语：
考例4：Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the falling child. (2022新课标II卷)
2．分析句子结构，若句中已有谓语动词，且不是作并列谓语动词时，则要考虑用非谓语动词。
考例5：Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, (inspired by The Peony Pavilion,) was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. (2024新课标II卷)
考例6：From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, resulting in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss. (2021北京卷)
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The guide ________ (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
2. The guide ________ (lead) the way, so we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
3. ________ (call) me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.
4. ________ (call) me tomorrow, I’ll let you know the lab result.
5. He volunteered to help control traffic, ________ (donate) an hour of his time every week.
6. He volunteered to help control traffic, and ______ (donate) an hour of his time every week.
7.There ______ no bus, we had to walk home.
8.There ______ no bus and we had to walk home.
9. Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, and all his attention ________ (fix) o n it.
10. Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention ________ (fix) on it.
04如何确定谓语动词的时态
解题思路 技法点拨
1.慧眼识别标志词 认清常考时态的标志性时间状语 (1) 一般现在时标志：often，usually，always，sometimes等时间状语。 (2) 一般过去时标志：yesterday，last year，in 2022，the other day等。 (3) 一般将来时标志：tomorrow，next year，in the future，soon等时间状语。 (4) 现在进行时标志：at this moment，at present，now等时间状语。 (5) 现在完成时标志：since，in the last few years，so far/up to now等时间状语。 (6) 过去完成时标志：by then，by the end of...等时间状语。
2.瞻前顾后找并列 (1)根据并列连词and，but，or，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等确定动词时态。 (2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。
3.通过常用句式法 (1)was/were doing... when...＋一般过去时 (2)was/were about to do... when...＋一般过去时 (3)it is the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋现在完成时 (4)it was the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋过去完成时 (5)No sooner had＋主语＋done... than＋一般过去时 (6)Hardly/Scarcely had＋主语＋done... when＋一般过去时 (7)It will be＋时间段＋before＋一般现在时
4.通过语境暗示法 分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，而没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一种行之有效的方法。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Only 12 weeks ago, he ____________ (undergo) a major heart transplant surgery.
2．The dog ____________ (jump) over the wall and ran after the chicken.
3．Look! The star ____________ (wear) a black hat there.
4．As the city ____________ (expand), dozens of modern buildings have been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.
5．I____________ (read) a book in the park when a little dog ran up to me.
6．— Hi, Andrew. How can you improve your English so much
— The harder you work at it, the more progress you ____________ (make).
7．It was hoped that his health ____________ (pick) up soon with the new treatment.
8．China’s high-speed railways ____________ (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometres in the past few years.
9．No wonder the children are excited; this is the first time they ____________ (be) abroad.
10．They ____________ (hope) to hold the school sports meeting, but it rained heavily.
01 如何确定谓语动词的语态
1.依据逻辑关系辨析主动或被动
(1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态； 若是被动关系，则考虑用被动语态。
(2)被动语态的基本形式为： be＋过去分词，被动语态的时态体现在be动词上。
(3)只有及物动词(短语)才有被动语态，系动词和不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。
2.常考的几种时态的被动语态
(1)一般现在时：am/is/are done；
(2)一般过去时：was/were done；
(3) 过去将来时：would be done；
(4) 现在完成时：has/have been done。
(5) 含情态动词：情态动词+be done。
3.主动形式表被动含义句式结构
(1)当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等系动词后面接形容词时；
(2)当cut、read、sell、wear、write、wash、open、run、burn等动词后有状语(well、easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在品质或性能时，用主动形式表示被动含义。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．After the accident, the injured ___________ (take) to the nearest hospital in no time yesterday.
2．It___________ (announce) that a new headmaster will be appointed in charge of the new school.
3．A new policy___________ (discuss) in the meeting room at the moment.
4．I had to walk to work because my car___________ (repair).
5．The students have been working hard on their lessons and___________ (reward) with success in their efforts in the end.
6．Over 500 winter coats ___________ (donate) to the homeless shelter since the program was started.
7．Every means___________ (try) up to now, but we still can’t come up with a good way to handle the current dilemma.
8．Shakespeare’s play Hamlet___________ (make) into at least ten different films by the end of last year.
9．The length of the essay should___________ (limit) to about 400 words.
10．Your car___________ (handle) easily. It’s much better than mine.
02如何确定谓语动词的主谓一致
1．语法一致原则
(1)分析句子结构发现提示词作谓语，且主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引导的短语时，要考虑谓语动词的数与短语前面的主语保持一致；
(2)在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数保持一致；
(3)“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and 连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
2．就近一致原则
(1)or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also)..., not...but...等连接并列主语时；
(2)there/here be句式。
3．意义一致原则
(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念时，谓语动词用单数；
(2)动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数；
(3)由分数、百分数或者some、a part of等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数；
(4)“the＋形容词”表示抽象概念，作主语时谓语动词用单数；“the＋形容词”表示一类人或物，作主语时谓语动词用复数。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Many a college student___________ (be) sent to the poor area to help the children there last month.
2．Having a lot in common between cultures___________ (result) in easier understanding and mutual respect.
3．Every boy and every girl___________ (wish) to attend the English Evening to be held on Saturday.
4．I think either you or she ___________ (be) wrong, and you'd better go and say sorry to her.
5．The number of guests invited___________ (be) 50, but a number of them___________ (be) absent for the heavy rain.
01 如何确定填写非谓语动词
1.如何确定所给动词填非谓语动词
考例1：___________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park，the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)
考例2： Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on seat 20, ___________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. (2022全国甲卷)
2. 非谓语句法功能
类型 主语 宾语 定语 状语 宾语补足语 表语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ √
现在分词 √ √ √ √
过去分词 √ √ √ √
02 非谓语作主语
1. 动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语，即动词不定式移到句子的后面。
It's a great pleasure to talk with you.和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。
2. 动名词作主语动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作。下列句型中常用动名词作主语。
It i a waste of time doing…
It is no use good doing sth.
It is no good coming before that.在那之前来没有好处。
3. 动词不定式与动名词作表语动词不定式作表语表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作，而动名词作表语表示通常的情况。
My dream is to enter Beijing University.我的梦想是考入北京大学。
My job is teaching you English.我的工作是教你们英语。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．It’s no use ___________ (talk) to her. She is stubborn.
2．___________ (expose) to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.
3．There is no doubt that it is vital___________ (have) a good command of some knowledge of first aid.
4．It took her months ___________ (recover) from the shock of the accident.
5．It’s my honour ___________ (share) with you my views on this phenomenon today.
03 非谓语作宾语
1.不定式作宾语
①常跟不定式作宾语的动词：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish，refuse，manage，volunteer，pretend
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask/beg，help
My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。
We agreed to meet at the school gate.我们一致同意在校门口见面。
②动词tell，show，understand，know，explain，learn，advise等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。
Please tell me when to start the project.请告诉我何时开始这个项目。
③在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。
We think it our duty to protect the environment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
2.动名词作宾语
①常跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想 consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse，admit，delay, fancy
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 avoid，miss，go on/keep on，practise，deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免 forbid，imagine，risk，can’t help，mind，allow/permit，escape
He tried to avoid answering my questions. 他试图对我的问题避而不答。
We only missed seeing each other by five minutes. 我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。
My mother couldn’t help smiling when she heard the good news.听到那个好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。
②介词后要跟动名词作宾语，但是介词but后跟不定式作宾语。
After eating in her restaurant people would become tired very quickly.
人们在她的餐馆里吃过饭以后，很快就会感到疲乏。
They had no choice but to wait here.他们别无选择只有在这儿等待。
③由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有be used to (习惯于)，feel like (想要)，insist on (坚持)，get down to (开始)，devote...to...(致力于…)，object to (反对)，stick to (坚持)，give up (放弃)等。
With many reference materials in hand，he got down to writing his graduation thesis.
手头有许多参考资料，他开始写毕业论文。
3.下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：
mean to do sth打算做某事mean doing sth意味着做某事
forget to do sth忘记要去做某事未做forget doing sth忘记做过某事已做过)
regret to do sth对要做的事感到遗憾未做regret doing sth对做过的事后悔已做
try to do sth努力去做某事try doing sth尝试做某事
go on to do sth继续做另一件事go on doing sth继续做原来做的事
remember to do sth记住去做某事未做remember doing sth记得做过某事已做
I meant to give you this book today，but I forgot.我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。
Missing this train means waiting for another hour. 错过这辆火车意味着得再等一小时。
4．在need，want，require等后表示被动意义，不定式要用被动语态，动名词不需要。
My bike needs to be repaired.＝My bike needs repairing. 我的自行车需要修理。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Our neighbour threatened (call) the police if we didn’t stop the noise.
2．I found it difficult (fall) asleep in such a hot day.
3．She tried (breathe) slowly to calm her nerves, but failed.
4．He asked me if I had considered (visit) Zhangjiajie with him that weekend.
5．Many people now would rely on (surf) the Internet rather than read the newspaper for news.
04 非谓语作定语
1．不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式to be done作定语表示将来、被动的动作。
You are supposed to take this opportunity to realize your dream.你应该抓住这个机会去实现你的梦想。
The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。
(2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。
He had no pen to write with so he had to borrow one from his neighbour.
他没有钢笔写字，不得不从邻居那儿借了一支。
(3)当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last，the only等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
2．分词作定语
(1)及物动词的分词形式作定语作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用being＋过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。
The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine.
公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主动)
We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行)
The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。(被动、完成)
(2)不及物动词的分词形式作定语作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。
falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)
fallen leaves落叶(表完成)
3．动名词作定语
动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。
a walking stick拐杖a reading room阅览室 a sleeping car卧铺车
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Hangzhou will be the third Chinese city ___________ (host) the Asian Games after Beijing and Guangzhou.
2．We are now at a ___________ (turn) point, so we should be very careful with our decision.
3．The couple lived in a furnished flat ___________ (measure) approximately 15 metres by 16 metres.
4．The old building ___________ (date) back to the Sui Dynasty is still in good condition.
5．I’m writing to apply for the position ___________ (advertise) on the newspaper and I think I’m qualified for it.
05 非谓语作状语
1．不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语
不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。
To pass the college entrance exam，we must work hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。
The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers. 公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。
(2)作结果状语
不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：only to(不料……)、enough to(足够……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。
Tom hurried back only to find that his mother had left. 汤姆匆忙赶回来，结果却发现他的母亲已经离开了。
He is clever enough to work out the difficult maths problem.他足够聪明，能解决这道数学难题。
I’m too tired to stay up any longer. 我太累了，不能再熬夜了。
(3)作原因状语
形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。常用于这类结构的形容词和过去分词有sorry，surprised，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish等。
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
我们吃惊地发现，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
注意：形容词如easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，后面也常用不定式作状语，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。
The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day.
早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。
This book is difficult to understand. 这本书很难理解。
2．分词作状语
分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。
(1)作时间状语相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句。
Translated into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
当这个句子被译成英语时，人们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。
(2)作原因状语相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句。
①Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it.
②Defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged.
由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。
(3)作条件状语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.
如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。
(4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。
More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。
(5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。
One evening Harry phoned me，asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.
一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。
(6)作让步状语相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。
Warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.
虽然被警告有危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。
注意：某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。
Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room. 专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
Dressed in red，she looks more beautiful. 穿着红色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．___________(engage) in making a difference to society, the students sought to be active citizens.
2．___________ (convince) of the accuracy of the data, they stuck to their opinion.
3．___________ (combine) your knowledge with your experience, you are sure to succeed.
4．He hurriedly rushed to the station, only___________ (inform) that the train would arrive late.
5．___________ (free) ourselves from the physical and mental tension, we each need inner quietness.
06 非谓语作宾语补足语
1．后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词及动词短语
(1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：advise建议allow允许encourage 鼓励permit准许forbid 禁止force 强迫intend打算invite 邀请order 命令；要求persuade说服require 需要；要求remind 提醒warn 警告。
The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat. 医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。
He depends on you to help him with his English. 他指望你帮助他学英语。
(2)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是：be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth
He is said to have been cheated in the street. 据说，他在大街上被骗了。
The accident is reported to have killed two people.据报道，那次事故中有两人丧生。
2．非谓语动词作感官动词、使役动词的宾补
(1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear， feel的宾语补足语有四种形式。
I saw him leave a few minutes ago. 我看见他几分钟前离开了。
As I got closer，I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。
注意：“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。
The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态) 有人看见小偷进了银行。
(2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况：
The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。
He tried to make himself understood.他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚。
Don’t let your child play with matches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。
3．“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构
(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。
He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky. 他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。
(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态。
With his hair cut，he looked much younger. 理了发，他看起来年轻多了。
(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生。
With a lot of homework to do，I can’t go skating with you.因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．We want to persuade males (think) about career options of going into nursing.
2．With prices (range)from about $40 to $100, the shoes can be easy to get.
3．The boat was filled with water and sank, and Toad found himself (struggle) in deep water.
4．We put up some photos of top universities in the classroom to keep ourselves (remind) of our dreams.
5．With the package (deliver) to the door, she finally sighed with relief.
07 非谓语作表语
1. 不定式（to do）作表语
用法：通常用于表达目的、意图、愿望、职业、能力等，对主语进行解释，说明主语的具体内容或目标。
My dream is to become a successful writer. 我的梦想是成为一名成功的作家。
2. 动名词（doing）作表语
用法：表示主语的惯常行为或状态，强调主语的性质或身份，通常与主语可互换位置且逻辑通顺。
My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。
3. 分词（现在分词/过去分词）作表语
现在分词：表示主语的性质、特点或令人……的状态，常修饰物。
The news is exciting. 这个消息令人兴奋。
过去分词done：表示主语的感受或所处的被动状态，常修饰人。
We are excited at the good news. 我们对这个好消息感到兴奋。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．He had only six years of schooling, and his ambition was (become) a sailor.
2．Your task is (clean) the old car over there on your own.
3．Although it has been buried underground for over 1,000 years, the ancient queen’s body remains well (preserve).
4． (attach) to the email is a copy of document bearing her signature.
5．The guests came in, but she remained (sit) by the desk.
01 如何确定填写动词词类转换
提示词为动词，如果该动词在句中既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则要考虑动词词形转换。动词转换成名词还是形容词，则要根据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析。
考例1：Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the _________(criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. (2024浙江卷1月)
考例2：They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the _________(complete) of their journey. (2024全国甲卷)
02 动词转化为名词
名词后缀 单词示例
－er/ －or announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员 instruct→instructor 指导者，教师 design→designer设计师
－ment achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论；论据 equip →equipment装备；设备 govern→government政府
－y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现
－ance/ －ence appear→appearance出现；外貌 perform→performance表演；表现 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅
－ure/ －ture fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物)
－ing hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始 build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告
－ion/ －tion/ －sion/ correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝 conclude→conclusion结论；结束 discuss→discussion讨论；论述 decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认；准许加入 permit→permission允许，许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．If you fail to keep the dentist’s __________ (appoint), you’ll have to pay for it.
2．Many people choose the train in__________ (prefer) to the car to travel.
3．The __________ (explore) of Mars by the newest robotic system will begin next month.
4．The__________ (destroy) of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.
5．The __________ (adapt) of the play by the famous writer became popular in the country.
03 动词转化为形容词
形容词后缀 单词示例
－able suit vt.适合→suitable adj.合适的adjust vt.调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的
－ed frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj. 沮丧的annoy vt.使生气→annoyed adj. 恼怒的
－ing convince vt.使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的thrill vt.使兴奋→ thrilling adj.令人兴奋的
－ful forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的succeed vt.成功→successful adj. 成功的
－ive comprehend v. 理解→comprehensive adj. 综合性的create v. 创造→creative adj.有创造力的
－ant tolerate v.容忍→tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的ignore v. 忽视→ignorant adj. 无知的，愚昧的
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．His mix of talent, ambition, energy, and luck made Dickens one of the world’s best-known and most ___________ (distinguish) writers.
2．At the graduation ceremony, I bowed low to our ___________ (dedicate) English teacher to thank her for her guidance and encouragement.
3．Teaching young children is a ___________ (challenge) but rewarding job.
4．Standing on the top of the mountain, we can have a good view of the ___________ (surround) hills.
5．___________ (absorb) in his study, Mr. Li is always forgetting something, which often makes his wife angry.
(
括号内给动词
综合能力提升
)
一、单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．It (strike) me that no one was at home when I found I had left my key behind at home.
2．I (expect) to arrive on time, but I was caught in the traffic jam.
3．If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that (suit) everyone.
4．He would have attended your birthday party, but he (occupy) himself with an important experiment.
5．What (attract) me most to the job was the chance to travel abroad.
6．She was astonished; this was the first time she (hear) of such things.
7．The naughty boy pretended (read) when the headmaster came into the classroom.
8．Teenagers may find it difficult (resist) peer pressure.
9． (admit) to Peking University makes my parents excited and proud.
10．It is no use (complain) all the time and the most important thing you should do is look for the bright side of life.
11．I really appreciate your (call) back this afternoon.
12．With the final exam (approach), all the students were busy going over their lessons.
13．The five young men (arrest) by the police last week are being questioned in connection with one of the attacks.
14．When (walk) his dog in the park, he came across an old friend of his.
15．The film star appeared, (accompany) by a team of strong bodyguards.
16．The school held an (impress) coming-of-age ceremony for the students.
17．His (rely) advice helped me solve problems in cross-cultural communication.
18．His (commit) to science has inspired many young researchers.
19．The (distribute) of resources is unbalanced between rural and urban schools.
20．The movie is a faithful (adapt) of the classic novel, preserving most of the original plot.
二、动词与语法填空
（25-26高三上·山西大同·开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In Zhengzhou, Henan province, the brand-new Dahecun Site Museum takes visitors on a real-life journey through the evolution of Chinese civilization 1 (date) back 7,000 years. Opened on June 14, the museum showcases over 1,600 artifacts from more than 30 archaeological (考古学的) sites, many of 2 are being displayed publicly for the first time.
Never before has the early history of China felt so close. With 3 (advance) digital technology, the museum breathes life into Yangshao culture, known for its painted pottery and marking 4 beginning of modern Chinese archaeology.
One of the most eye-catching exhibits is a 6,000-year-old twin pottery pot. Not only does its side-by-side design reflect tribal unity and friendship, but it also stands 5 a symbol of peace and artistic excellence. This masterpiece, once 6 (keep) in the Henan Museum for over 50 years, has finally returned to where it was first unearthed.
7 (equal) impressive is a city wall from the late Yangshao period, rare evidence of early Chinese urban planning, which enables visitors 8 (admire) over 50 pottery pieces with sun and butterfly patterns and gain insight into the imagination and beliefs of ancient people.
Not until one enters the immersive zone can the distant past feel so real. Recreated 9 (scene) of pottery-making and farming allow visitors to see, hear and even smell the life of early settlers. So far, this unique experience 10 (bring) Chinese culture to life.
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