资源简介

(共41张PPT)
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The powerful disciple who can defeat demons.
（能打败妖怪的强大徒弟）
Zhu Bajie
The funny disciple whose hobby is eating. （爱好是吃的搞笑徒弟）
Tang Monk
The master who leads the journey.
（领导取经的师父）
Sha Wujing
The reliable disciple whom everyone trusts. （大家都信赖的可靠徒弟）
White Dragon Horse
The horse which/that carries the master. （驮着师父的马）
Monkey King
The Scripture-Seeking Team
取经天团
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Journey to the Restrictive Relative Clause
introduced by relative pronouns
That
Which
Who
Whom
Whose
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understand the function structure of restrictive relative clauses;
master the usage of “that,which,who, whom and whose” properly ;
complete some tasks with appropriate relative pronouns.
At the end of this class, students will be able to:
Learning objectives
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Lead-in
He is a
monkey!
naughty
attributive(定语）
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Definition
An attaributive is a word (or a group of words) that is used to describe, modify, or define a noun or pronoun.
Function
It gives mroe information about the noun or pronoun.
Classification
①.pre-modifiers (before the noun)
②.post-modifiers (after the noun)
Four diciples(徒弟）
The horse called White Dragon Horse
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Attributive
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1.A master riding a horse
2.The horse called White Dragon Horse
3.Three apprentices(徒弟）
4.Stone monkey
5.A monk with a carrying pole on his shoulder
5.A tough route
6.The journey to the west
Prepostional phrase
Present participle
Past participle
Numeral
Noun
Infinitive
Adjective
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Find out the attributive in the following short phrases
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①Sun Wukong is a brave monkey king.
Main clause/Idependent clause
③Sun Wukong is a brave monkey king that/who has super powers and protects his master.
Main clause+Subordinate clause/dependent clause
②Sun Wukong is a brave monkey king and he has super powers and protects his master.
Main clause+Main clause
Complex sentence
Compound sentence
Simple sentence
简单句
并列句
复合句
主句
从句
what does “he” refer to
If the two sentences hve one part in common, we can change one of them into a relative clasue to describe the other.
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Clause
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He is a monkey who/that has super powers and protects his master.
antecedent
先行词
relative pronoun关系代词
restrictive relative clause
定语从句
Structure: antecedent+relative word+clause itself
relative pronoun stands for function
who a monkey serve as the subject of the clause
serve as the subject of the clause
substitute for a monkey
Function of “who”
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Explore
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Three Elements
Antecedent
The noun or pronoun modified by a relative clause is called the antecedent.
The antecedent can be a person, thing, an entire sentence, or part of a sentence
and it generally precedes the attributive clause.
Relative Words
The words that introduce an attributive clause are called relative words.
Based on the grammatical function they serve within the attributive clause, relative words can be categorized into relative pronouns and relative adverbs.
Relative Clause
In a complex sentence, a clause that functions as an adjective by limiting, describing, or modifying a noun or pronoun in the main clause is called an relative clause.
a restrictive relative clause
a non-restrictive relative clause
perception
Three elements
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Relative Pronouns
取经法宝
Rlative pronoun stands for function note
that people or things serve as the subject/object of the clause Relative pronouns can be omitted when they function as the object of the verb in the restrict relative clause.
which things serve as the subject/object of the clause
who people serve as the subject/object of the clause
whom people serve as the object of the clause
whose one's (people or things) serve as the attributive (定语) of the clause
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Connecting
to link the antecedent and the relative clause(连接作用）
Referencing
to refer back to a noun or pronoun mentioned earlier in the sentence (the antecedent)（指代作用）
Functioning
to act as a specific grammatical element (subject, object, or possessive) within the attributive clause itself（在从句中做成分）
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2
3
Three main functions of relative pronoun
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Relative Clause
restrictive relative clause
non-restrictive relative clause
①He is a brave monkey king that has super powers and protects his master.
②Tang Sanzang who is very kind often help others.
No commas(逗号) separate it from the antecedent
defines or limits the meaning of the antecedent (a noun/pronoun).
It is essential meaning to the sentence—without it, the main idea becomes unclear.
to modify (修饰)the things or people and cannot be omitted（省略)
,
,
Commas required
provides supplementary information to the antecedent ;Additional information
If removed, the main clause remains complete.
非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略，一般不用that/why。
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It is a magical golden hoop that/which could bring great damage to monsters.
(Golden Cudgel)
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They are the scriptures that/which Tang Sanzang wants to obtain. (Buddhist Scriptures)
02
Subject
object (omit)
如果先行词是物，在从句中做主语就用which/that，做宾语which/that；
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CONCLUDE
watch and circle
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The disciple who/that wears a golden hoop on his head is Sun Wukong.
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The monk whom/who/that I admired most was Xuanzang.
subject
object (omit)
如果先行词是人，在从句中做主语就用who/that；做宾语用whom/who/that皆可。
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CONCLUDE
watch and circle
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The white horse whose rider was Tang Sanzang could fly.
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attributive
如果先行词在还原时需要加‘s，就用whose；whose既可指人也可指物。
CONCLUDE
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1.当先行词是指物的不定代词时（如 all, everything, nothing, anything, little 等）；
The Monkey King can do almost anything that he wants.
2.当先行词指物且被the only, the very, the last，the same修饰时；
The Buddhist scriptures are the only things that Tang Monk wants to get.
3. 当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时；
The first monster that they have met on their way is White bone demon.
4.当先行词同时包含人和物时；
Bajie told us about the people and the things that ha had met.
5.which或who作主句主语的特殊疑问句。
Which is the book that Tang monk wants
只能用that的情况
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Although “that” can refer to both people and things, it is not a universal word. let’s analyze the situations where it cannot be used.
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Monkey King has a golden cudgel, which can change its size.
Monkey King has a golden cudgel that/ which can change its size.
1.引导非限制性定语从句,先行词可以是一个名词，也可以指代前面整个主句的内容。
What is that which Bajie put into his mouth just now
先行词是that，且指物。
The mountain in which Sun Wukong was confined five centuries was the Five-Finger Mountain.
“介词+关系代词”结构中，且先行词为物。
只能用which的情况
前有逗号
前有介词
前有that
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指人时只能用who
1、先行词为指代人的不定代词one, ones, anyone, those时。
Those who follows Tang Monk must be brave.
2、在There be结构中，修饰主语“人”的定语从句宜用 who。
There’s a king who wants to see Tang Monk.
3、非限制性定语从句，先行词是人时
The monk, who wears a red casscock(袈裟）， is Tang Monk.
4、一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who以避免重复（先行词是人）
The monk that was praised was Sha Wujing who carried the luggage for Tang Monk.
注意：当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom。例如：
The person from whom we can learn a lot
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运用法宝-that、which、who、whom、whose
火眼金睛辨——Solution
降妖除魔 ——pratice
取真经--Writing
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Identify the best relative pronoun
choose
Bring the antecedent into the clause and see what role it plays
B
Find the relative clause and the antecedent
F
Journey to the west is a book has many interesting stories.
antecedent
a proper
practice
steps to
relative pronoun
thing
subject
restrictive relative clause
that/which
I
Look and Think
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①[全国新高考]I decided that if I learned of a company used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an eamil urging it to cut back.
②[全国Ⅲ卷]In ancient china lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike（栩栩如生）.
③[全国高考]They were well trained by their master had great experience with caring for these animals.
④[2024新高考I卷]The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
⑤ [2024年浙江1月卷]Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way will make them the most money.
Discuss
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①[全国新高考]I decided that if I learned of a company used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an eamil urging it to cut back.
句意：我决定如果得知哪家公司使用了大量的塑料制品的话，我就会发一封邮件敦促这家公司缩减塑料消耗。
分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中做主语，先行词为a comoany，指物，故填that/which。
that/which
Analyze
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②[全国Ⅲ卷]In ancient china lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike（栩栩如生）.
句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画作几乎栩栩如生。
分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词artist,且在从句中作painting的定语，两者之间是所属关系，故填whose。
whose
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③[全国高考]They were well trained by their master had great experience with caring for these animals.
句意：它们受到了主人良好的训练，它们的主人在照看这些动物方面有着丰富的经验。
分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，关系词在从句中做主语，应用关系代词who或that引导定语从句，who作为关系代词指人，that作为关系代词指人或物。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为master，所以应用关系代词that或who。
who/that
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④[2024新高考I卷]The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
句意：玻璃温室无疑是当代设计的璀璨明珠，坐落于一条追溯古丝绸之路轨迹的尽头，用于展示来自中国西南部的植物。这些植物从亚洲的原生地被引进，后来定义了英国园艺的丰富多样性。
分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the Silk Route”，且先行词是物，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
that/which
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⑤ [2024年浙江1月卷] Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way __________ will make them the most money.
句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。
在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
that/which
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①[全国新高考]I decided that if I learned of a company which/that used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an eamil urging it to cut back.
②[全国Ⅲ卷]In ancient china lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike（栩栩如生）.
③[全国高考]They were well trained by their master who/that had great experience with caring for these animals.
④[2024新高考I卷]The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that/which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
⑤ [2024年浙江1月卷]Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way that/which will make them the most money.
Check
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1.（2021北京卷）
When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ___________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories.
5.
The reason _________ he explained at the meeting was not reasonable at all.
4.
The concert hall has the most wonderful atmosphere _________can make the audience fully immersed in the music.
3.
I like the writers and their works _________ you mentioned the other day.
2．
I have found the very shop _________ has everything we need.
DO it by yourself
that
which/that
that
that
that
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6.
My mother was so proud of all _________ I had done that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.
10.（2022新课标I卷）
The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
9.（2024浙江1月卷）
Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money.
8.（2024全国甲卷）
Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
7.（2024新课标II卷）
Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
DO it by yourself
that
who
which
that/which
that
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11.（2023全国乙卷）
The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked just perfect.
15.（2020全国III卷）
In ancient China lived an artist, __________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud.
14.（2022全国甲卷）
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
13.（2022浙江1月卷）
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
12.（2025年全国一卷）
An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ________ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
DO it by yourself
whose
which
that/who
who
whose
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01
03
找重复词
重复部分是Sandy，指人
FIND
IDENTIFY
定主从关系
句子①为主句；
句子②为从句
02
ADD
加关系词
用关系词that/who
Sentence Restructuring
① Sandy is hard-working.
②Sandy always shoulders a lot of things.
Sandy is hard-working that/who always shoulders a lot of things.
主句
从句
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Sun Wukong, 1. _________ was born from a stone, learned his powers from a Taoist master. The magical iron bar 2. _________ he got from the Dragon King could change its size. This was the weapon 3. ___________ helped him fight the heavenly army. The Jade Emperor, 4. __________ he deeply angered, sent many gods to capture him. However, none of the gods 5. ___________ were sent could defeat him. The heavenly palace 6. __________ he caused a great mess in was left in chaos. The time 7. ____________ he declared himself "Great Sage" is unforgettable in Chinese stories. Anyone 8. ___________ knows the story admires his bravery. He is a hero 9. __________ courage and wit are admired by all. Finally, the Buddha, 10. _________ power was supreme, subdued him under a mountain.
Grammer Filling
who
that/which
that/which
whom
who/that
in which/where
when
who
whose
whose
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The White Dragon Horse is very patient.
The White Dragon Horse carries the master.
Zhu Bajie is a disciple.
He likes eating very much.
The master is Tang Xuanzang.
Monkey King respects his master.
They encountered a monster.
The monster’s power was terrifying.
The White Dragon Horse which/that carries the master is very patient.
Zhu Bajie is the disciple who likes eating very much.
The master whom Monkey King respects is Tang Xuanzang.
They encountered a monster whose power was terrifying.
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Theme: "Protect the Scripture Team"
- Task: Each group gets a set of Journey to the West character/object cards.;
Use restrictive relative clauses to describe the card content;
And other groups guess the answer.
- AI Helper: AI times the game, scores each group’s performance (based on accuracy and fluency), and announces the winner.
Group Competition
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Draw a mind map
Draw a mind map based on your understanding about restrictive relative clause
Hint:
1.Restrictive attributive clauses = Antecedent + Relative Word + Clause (essential for meaning)
2. Key relative words: who/whom/whose/which/that (pronouns);
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The song of relative pronoun
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that 神通广，人/物都可当
“多少不一，恰人物最虚”
that真的忙
非限制性，请它莫上场
who 来指人物，which 指物
介词后面which/who
特殊用法是紧箍咒
多多练习成火眼金睛
你也能成为语法大神！
Summary
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WRITING
假设你是李华，你的外国朋友Peter来信对你提到的中国古典名著《西游记》（Journey to the West）非常感兴趣，他想了解这本书的主要内容和你最喜欢的角色。请你根据以下要点给他写一封回信：
1. 简要介绍《西游记》主要情节；
2. 说明你最喜欢的角色，并简要阐述理由；
3. 用至少3个包含不同关系代词的定语从句。
注意：
- 词数100左右；
- 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
- 可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
I'm glad to receive your letter and know you're interested in Journey to the West.
Homework
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感谢垂听
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