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(共30张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
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Part 1　Reading comprehension
答案 B
第一步　精读课文 领悟细节
Read the text carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Where can this passage most probably be seen
A.A travel brochure.
B.A daily newspaper.
C.A monthly magazine.
D.A government website.
答案 A
2.When did the tsunami happen
A.At 7:00 a.m.,26 December 2004.
B.At 7:00 p.m.,26 December 2004.
C.At 7:00 a.m.,27 December 2004.
D.At 7:00 p.m.,27 December 2004.
答案 C
3.What caused the tsunami
A.A flood.
B.A drought.
C.An earthquake.
D.A volcanic eruption.
答案 C
4.Why would it be difficult to deliver food and supplies to the tsunami-hit countries
A.It was still raining heavily.
B.There were no enough trucks.
C.The roads to these areas were blocked.
D.The people in these areas were not willing to accept these food and supplies.
重点句式多维剖析
1.be doing sth when...
【教材原句】I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
我和三个孩子正在吃早饭,这时海水开始灌入屋内。
when在本句中用作并列连词,表示“正在那时;这时”,常用句型还有:
be about to do sth when... 正要做某事,这时……
had just done sth when... 刚做过某事,这时……
【佳句背诵】The children were playing football on the playground when it began to rain.[读后续写之天气、动作描写]
孩子们正在操场上踢足球,这时突然下起了雨。
【即学即练】单句写作
①这位老人正在散步时突然看到了远处升起的烟。
The old man 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　smoke rising in the distance.
②他刚要放弃,这时他被救援人员发现了。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　he was found by rescue workers.
③这些幸存者刚从被毁的房子里逃出来,房子就倒塌了。
These survivors 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　it fell apart.
was having a walk when he saw
was about to give up when
had just escaped from the destroyed house when
2.make+it+形容词/名词+不定式/that从句
【教材原句】However,dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.
然而,由于条件险恶和道路受损,运送食物和物资补给将非常困难。
(1)“make+it+形容词/名词(宾语补足语)+to do/that从句”中的it为形式宾语,真正的宾语为后面的动词不定式或that从句。find,feel,think,take等动词也有这样的用法。
(2)在“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、过去分词、介词短语、不带to的不定式等。
(3)当“make+宾语+do sth”变为被动语态时,要加上不定式符号to。
【即学即练】单句写作/语段写作/句型转换
①我写信是为了感谢你使我成为学生会主席。[应用文之感谢信]
I am writing to thank you for 　　　　　　　　　　　　of the Students’ Council.
②追兔子使我在树林中迷路了。更糟糕的是,突降大雨使我更难找到回家的路。无边的黑暗和恐惧使我大哭起来。[读后续写之片段描写]
Running after a rabbit 　　　　　　　　　　　　in the forest.What was worse,an unexpected heavy rain _________________________________　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　my way home.Endless darkness and fear 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
③Our English teacher made us recite three sentences every day.
→_____________________________________________________________ (变为被动语态)
making me chairman
made me lost
made it more difficult for me to find
made me burst out crying
We were made to recite three sentences every day by our English teacher.
第二步赏析语篇 学练写作
学结构
概要写作——Definition
对阅读理解和写作的综合考察，需要学生在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文中心题材和结构的前提下，用精炼的语句高度概括文章的主要内容和观点。
一般来说，每年的《考试说明》对本题型的要求是“提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。”阅卷时将主要考虑以下内容：
1.对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；
2.应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；
3.上下文的连贯性；
4.各要点的独立性。
写作步骤——Procedures
1.仔细阅读并理解文章大意；
2.从宏观角度抓住主题句，忽略掉次要信息。
3.运用自己的语言高度概括文章，形成全文概要。
1.要准确运用词汇和语法结构：巧妙运用英语中常用的高分表达，如定语从句、强调句、非谓语动词等；
2.有效使用逻辑关系词，保证上下文的连贯性，常见的逻辑词有：
（1）并列关系: and, and also, or, neither…nor, either…or, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same…as
要点——Points for attention
（2）递进关系:
then, also, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more, indeed
（3）因果关系:
because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so (such) … that, consequently, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, in response to, for this reason, lead to
（4）转折关系:
but, however, yet, on the contrary, in fact, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of
（5）让步关系:
although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of
（6）列举关系:
first-second-last of all; first-then; to begin with-to continue/next; on one hand-on the other hand; for one thing-for another thing; one-another; some-others-still others
（7）举例关系:
such as, for example, for instance, of/among these/those/them, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely
（8）总结关系:
all in all, in brief, in short, in a word, in conclusion, altogether, to sum up, to conclude, to put it in one word, on the whole
3.保证语言表达的独立性，学会通过同意转换句子重构等方法，用自己的语言概括原文的主题句。
A tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia = hit / struck
Government officials said = described / stated
Thousands of people are still missing = lost
The number of deaths is expected to grow even higher
=is predicted / is estimated
Killing more than 6,500 people = with more than 6,500 people killed.
However, dangerous conditions and damage rules will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.
= Whereas, it is difficult to deliver food and supplied because of dangerous conditions and damaged roads.
学写作
【写作要求】
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The earthquake that hit San Francisco on April 18,1906 shook down hundreds of thousands of dollars’ worth of walls and chimneys(烟囱).But the fire that followed burned up hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of buildings and homes.Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed.San Francisco is gone.The factories,the great stores and newspaper buildings,the hotels,and the great houses of the rich are all gone.
On Wednesday morning at a quarter past five came the earthquake.A moment later,the disaster was a fact.South of Market Street,in the working-class neighborhoods and in the factories,fires started.Within an hour of the first quake,the smoke could be seen 100 miles away.The sun was red in the dark sky.There was no stopping the fires.The firefighters to whom the task was given did their best but there was no way to organize or communicate.The railway tracks were now useless and there was no water in water pipes.All of the ways man had made to keep the city safe were gone in the thirty seconds the earth moved.
By Wednesday afternoon,half the heart of the city was gone.At that time,I watched the disaster from a ship on the bay(海湾).Out at sea it was calm.No wind came up.Yet from every direction—east,west,north,and south—strong winds blew upon the unlucky city and those whose homes had once stood in its green hills.
Wednesday night saw the destruction of the very heart of the city.Man himself had to make ruins of some of the city’s best buildings so that they would not be a danger to those in the streets.Tens of thousands who had lost their homes left the city to look for shelter from the fires.Some were dressed only in blankets and carried the things that they had been able to rescue from the fires.But there were no fights and no pushing or shoving.Somehow this worst of disasters brought out the best in the survivors.Never in all of San Francisco’s history were her people so kind as on this night of terror.
【审题谋篇】
体裁 记叙文
人称 第三人称为主
时态 一般过去时为主
话题 介绍旧金山地震
要点 1.地震本身的相关信息(显性要点)
2.地震引发的灾难(显性要点)
1.地震后的状况(隐性要点)
2.灾难中的人们(隐性要点)
框架 第一句:地震发生的时间、地点及造成的破坏
第二句:地震开始的具体时间,引发的火灾造成的破坏
第三句:下午城市的状况
第四句:晚上的情况
第五句:灾难中人们的表现
【遣词造句】
信息归纳
快速阅读短文,找出每一部分的核心词汇,并连词成句
Part 1
1.核心词汇
earthquake;hit;San Francisco;on April 18,1906;completely destroyed
2.连词成句
A great earthquake struck San Francisco on April 18,1906,leaving the city completely destroyed.
Part 2
3.核心词汇
a quarter past five;came the earthquake;South of Market Street;fires started;no way to organize or communicate
4.连词成句
At 5:15 am the quake began,and later fires started in South of Market Street and the city was left without means of communication or transportation.
Part 3
5.核心词汇
Wednesday afternoon;half the heart of the city;be gone
6.连词成句
By the afternoon,half the heart of the city had disappeared.
Part 4
7.核心词汇
Wednesday night;destruction;lost their homes;look for shelter
8.连词成句
When night fell,seeing the awful destruction,homeless people escaped the city to find shelter.
Part 5
9.核心词汇
disaster;kindness
10.连词成句
Although in disaster,people had shown their greatest kindness.
句式升级
11.把Part 2中的句子变成强调句。
It was at 5:15 am that the quake began,and later fires started in South of Market Street and the city was left without means of communication or transportation.
【妙笔成篇】
A great earthquake struck San Francisco on April 18,1906,leaving the city completely destroyed. It was at 5:15 am that the quake began, and later fires started in South of Market Street and the city was left without means of communication or transportation. By the afternoon,half the heart of the city had disappeared. When night fell, seeing the awful destruction, homeless people escaped the city to find shelter. Although in disaster, people had shown their greatest kindness.

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