资源简介

(共25张PPT)
Discover Useful Structures
Natural
Disasters
1
Unit 4
1. understand the definition, form and basic grammatical functions of restrictive relative clauses, and clearly recognize their role in modifying and restricting nouns or pronouns in sentences.
2. grasp the usage of relative pronouns in restrictive relative clauses, including the components they can act as in the clause.
3. use restrictive relative clauses to describe people, things or events related to natural disasters, making the expression more specific and vivid.
定语
形容词
名词
介词短语
非谓语动词
从句
(定语从句）
She is a beautiful girl.
Amy is a woman teacher.
The girl in red is my sister.
I have something to say.
The boy making face is my son.
Japan is a developed country.
I like people who smiles a lot.
定语:相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，常译为“...的”
什么可以做定语
What is attributive？
定语从句
定义
结构
定语从句
关系词
修饰限定名词或代词的句子
先行词
关系词
被修饰的名词或代词
eg. This is the car which he bought last year.
主句
从句
What is attributive clause？
连接主从句
代替先行词
充当从句成分
which
that
who
whose
whom
as
when
where
why
定语从句关系词
宾语
主语
主语
定语
宾语
Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentences below. What function do the restrictive relative clauses have
The Tangshan earthquake is a terrible experience that my grandma cannot forget.
The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.
The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.
A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
从文章中寻找更多的定语从句
画出从句部分
找出先行词和关系词
Find more sentences with restrictive relative clauses from the text.
There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
Eleven kilometers directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometers away in Beijing.
Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
which 的用法
1. which 在从句中作主语、宾语或介词宾语,指物。
They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.
The fish which we bought were not fresh.
This is the house which we lived in last year.
→ This is the house ________ we lived last year.
主语；指物
宾语；指物
介词宾语；指物
in which
which作介词宾语时，介词既可放在关系代词which 之前，也可以放在从句中动词之后
where
2. that 在从句中作主语或宾语，指人或物，作宾语时可省略。
A plane is a machine that can fly.
作主语；指物
The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.
作宾语；指物
Let’s ask the man that is reading a book over there.
作主语；指人
The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister.
作宾语；指人
that 的用法
3. who在从句中作主语和宾语, whom 在从句中作宾语；都指人。
The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.
主语；指人
The boy who broke the window is called Michael.
主语；指人
The person (whom / who) you just talked to is Mr Li.
宾语；指人
Mr Read is the professor to whom you should write.
宾语；指人
在定语从句中紧接着介词的只能用which和whom。指人用whom，指物用which
who/whom的用法
4. whose 在从句中作定语,修饰人或物，意为“……的”，可与 of which (whom) the ... 互换。
Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.
of whom the
This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of.
of whom the
This is the book whose cover is blue.
of which the
whose 的用法
5. as既可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。不能省略。
The rescue team brought the same equipment as was used
in the 2019 earthquake relief.
She is such a volunteer as devotes herself to helping
victims in every disaster.
as 的用法
as引导限定性定语从句时，常出现在固定结构 such... as...或 the same... as...中
Attention
We need to prepare for such floods as occurred in 2020.
我们需要为像 2020 年那样的洪水做准备。
The storm caused such damage that left thousands homeless.
这场风暴造成了严重的，使得数千人无家可归的破坏。
同类不同物
同类且同物
The rescue team used the same equipment as in the previous disaster.
救援队使用了与上次灾难中相同类型的设备。
The helicopter is the same that saved us last time returned to the area.
上次救了我们的那架直升机又回到了该地区。
同类不同物
同类且同物
3. 总结与归纳
关系代词 先行词 （人/物） 从句中充当什么成分？
which 物 主语或宾语
that 人/ 物 主语或宾语
who 人 主语或宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人/物 定语
as 人/物 主语或宾语
作宾语时
可以省略
只能用that的情况
当先行词是不定代词或者被不定代词修饰时。
当先行词被the only，the very，the same, the last等修饰时。
当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
当先行词中既有人又有物时。
All that can be done has been done.
Music is the only thing that interests me.
This is the most shocking news that I have ever heard.
She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her.
that ？ which？ 的区别
只能用which的情况
关系代词前有介词时。
在非限制性定语从句中。
that ？ which？ 的区别
The house in which I used to live became ruins in the big fire.
The traveller saw many buildings along the way , which were quite different from those in his hometown.
1. I want to know the way ___________ he told you yesterday.
2. What surprised me was not what he said but the way ____________ he said it.
先行词是the way:
若关系词在定语从句中做状语, 用in which /that/不填来引导后面的定语从句;
若关系词在定语从句中做主语或宾语, 用which/that来引导后面的定语从句。
the way 做先行词的特殊用法
which/that
in which/that
① He is one of the students who ______ late this morning.
他是今早所有迟到学生中的一个。
One of the students ______ late this morning.
其中有一个学生迟到了。(主语)
② He is the only one of the students who ______ late this morning.
他是今早唯一一个迟到的学生。
were
was
was
主谓一致
当先行词是“the only one of＋复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用单数形式；
当先行词是“one of＋复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用复数形式。
① It was April 29, 2011 ____ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
② It was on April 29, 2011 ____ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the Palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A. that B. when C. since D. before
B
A
分清定语从句和强调句型
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
识别定从，找到先行词
判断先行词代指人还是物
判断从句中缺少什么成分
选定恰当的关系词
Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom, or “/”. Then translate the sentences into Chinese.
whose
who
（that）
that /which
whose
whom
who
这里有些人的家园被台风摧毁了。
建筑物可怕的摇晃把人们从睡梦中惊醒。
第二天，人们用能找到的一切物品在空地上搭建起避难所。
几天以后，大多数被飓风破坏的建筑物得到了修缮。
那个在灾难中失去了母亲的受伤男孩被送去了医院。
这位女士给营救她的战士写了一封感谢信。
这就是那个从楼里救出了好几位被困同学的男孩吗？
Example:
A: What’s the search and rescue dog doing
B: It’s looking for the people who survived the earthquake.
Work with a partner. Take turns to ask each other about the pictures. Make sentences with restrictive relative clauses using that, which, who, whose, or whom.
What are the soldiers doing
The soldiers are putting up the tents which/that are used as shelters for the homeless in the earthquake.

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