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(共29张PPT)
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
Reading and Thinking
Part 1　Reading comprehension
答案 A
第一步　速读课文 理清脉络
Task 1　Read the text quickly and find out what it is mainly about.
What is the main idea of the text
A.A terrible earthquake of Tangshan.
B.Damages of the earthquake of Tangshan.
C.Rescue work after the earthquake of Tangshan.
D.Strange signs before the earthquake of Tangshan.
Task 2　Skim for the main structure.
strange　
shake　
bury　
new
第二步　精读课文 领悟细节
Task 3　Read the text carefully and finish the following exercises.
Activity 1　Read Part 1(Para.1)carefully and do the following exercises.
1.Find out some of the strange things happening before the earthquake.
(1)The water 　　　　　　　　　;Deep cracks appeared in the well walls.Smelly gas 　　　 　　　　　　　　　.
(2)Animals behaved 　　　　　:Chickens and pigs were ________________　　　　　　　　　　　　and dogs 　　　　　　　　 　　　　;Mice ran out
　　　　　　　　　　 　;Fish 　　　　　　　　　　　　the water.
(3)　　　　　　were seen in the sky and 　　　　　　were heard.
rose and fell
came out of at least one well
strangely
too nervous to eat
refused to go inside buildings
looking for places to hide
jumped out of
Bright lights
loud noises
2.How do you understand the last sentence in this paragraph
It shows that people in Tangshan didn’t 　　　　/were _________________　　 　　　those strange things and didn’t make 　　　　　　before the disaster.
notice
unaware/ignorant of
preparations
Activity 2　Read Part 2(Paras.2&3)carefully and do the following exercises.
1.Why did the writer use so many numbers in the text
(1)To show the earthquake was very 　　　　　and it caused
　　　 　　people and the city.
(2)To make the text more 　　　　　　and 　　　　　　.
serious
a lot of damage to　
accurate
convincing
2.What rhetorical device(修辞手法)does the author use in the following sentences
A.metaphor(暗喻)
B.repetition(重复)
C.exaggeration(夸张)
D.simile(明喻)
(1)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!　　　　　
(2)Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves...　　　　　
C
D
volunteer workers
________________
________________
________________
army, soldiers
doctors, nurses
__________ the people who were trapped
dig out
__________ the dead
bury
__________ medical care
provide
build shelters for ____________
survivors
__________ the water and food
transport
What did they do for the city
Who went into the city
rescue
Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　 A. The earthquake caused unbelievable
destruction to Tangshan.
Para.2 B. The earthquake happened and caused deaths
and injuries in Tangshan.
Para.3 C. Help came soon after the quakes.
Para.4 D. Strange things happened, but no one paid
attention to them.
Para.5 E. Tangshan came back to life again.
A. The city will not die, it has hope and it can recover from the pain.
B. The army sent 150, 000 soldiers to Tangshan to help people.
C. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.
D. Most of the 10, 000 miners were rescued.
What does the sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe again.” mean
第三步　再读课文 融会提能
Task 5　课文语篇填空
Many strange things happened before Tangshan earthquake happened.The well walls had deep cracks.Some 1.　　　　　　(smell)gas came out of wells.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat.At 3:42 a.m.2.______　　　　　　 28 July 1976,everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world
3.　　 　　　　(come)to an end.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In less than one minute,the whole city lay in 4. 　　　　　(ruin).Two thirds of the people died or were injured.Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. People 5.　　　　　　(shock)at this and wondered how long the disaster would last.
smelly　
on　
were coming　
ruins　
were shocked
The army organized teams to dig out those 6.　　　　　　 were trapped and to bury the dead.Workers built shelters for 7.　　　　　　(survivor). Fresh water and food were taken to the city.8.　　　　　　(slow),the city began to breathe again.With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people,9.　　　　　　 new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.It has proved that in times of disaster,people must unify and show the 10.　　　　　　(wise)to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
who　
survivors　
Slowly　
a　
wisdom
in on at 在时间上的用法
介词 用法范畴 例句
at 精确时刻、钟点、短暂假期 at 3:00, at noon, at Christmas
on 特定某天、日期、星期几 on Monday, on July 4th, on a rainy day
in 月份、季节、年份、世纪、早上/下午/晚上 in October, in winter, in 2023, in the morning
in on at 在时间上的用法
I have a important meeting ______ Friday morning.
A. in
B. on
C. at
We usually go skiing ______ winter.
A. in
B. on
C. at
B
A
in on at 在时间上的用法
I'll see you ______ next Monday.
A. in
B. on
C. (不填)
The children are fast asleep ______ night.
A. in
B. on
C. at
C 当时间词前面有 this, that, next, last, every 等词时，不需要任何介词eg.
this Monday \ last year\ every weekend
C at night 是一个固定的介词搭配，需要单独记忆
in on at 在时间上的用法
I was born ______ the morning of July 20th, 1999.
A. in
B. on
C. at
We always have a big family dinner ______ Christmas Day.
A. in
B. on
C. at
B 虽然“早上”用 in the morning，但当它被一个具体的日期（of July 20th, 1999）修饰，变成一个特定的早晨，用 on
B Christmas Day 和 New Year's Day 指的是具体的“某一天”，所以用 on。而at Christmas 指的是整个圣诞假期期间。
重点句式多维剖析
1.too+形容词/副词+to do
【教材原句】Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat,and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安,不愿进食,狗拒绝进入屋内。
(1)too+形容词/副词+to do意为“太……而不能做……”,to是动词不定式符号,后接动词原形,动词不定式表示否定意义。
(2)在以下几种情况,too...to...结构可以表示肯定意义,而不是否定意义:
①当不定式前有否定词修饰时;
②当副词too的前面有否定词修饰时;
③当副词too后面修饰的形容词是glad,ready,pleased等带有“积极”意义的词汇时。
【佳句背诵】We are too ready to help you.
我们很乐意帮助你。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句式升级
①He is too eager 　　　　　　(know) the result of the examination.
②But this does not matter,for,as he has often remarked, one is never ______　　　　　old to learn.
③Hearing the lecture,she was so excited that she couldn’t go to sleep.
→Hearing the lecture,she was 　　　　　　　　　　　to sleep.
to know
too　
too excited to go
2.as if/though引导表语从句
【教材原句】It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
仿佛世界末日即将来临!
as if/though引导表语从句和方式状语从句:
(1)从句用陈述语气,表示从句描述的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的;
(2)从句用虚拟语气的三种情况:
与现在事实相反用一般过去时;
与过去事实相反用过去完成时;
与将来事实相反用would/could/might do形式。
【陈述-极可能】It looks as if it is going to rain. 客观迹象
【陈述-事实】He walks as if he is in a great hurry. 实际的外在表现
【虚拟-与现在事实相反】一般过去时/ be动词在虚拟语气中用were
I talk to her as if she were my child. 我跟她说话就好像她是我孩子似的。（她并不是我的孩子。这与现在事实相反）
He acts as though he knew everything. 他表现得好像他什么都知道。
【虚拟-与过去事实相反】had + done
He looked tired, as if he hadn't slept for days. 他看起来很累，好像好几天没睡觉一样。（他睡过觉了，只是睡得不好或不够）
She spoke about the trip as though she had been there herself.
5. 【虚拟-与将来事实相反】would/could/might + do
She is talking excitedly as if she would meet the superstar tomorrow. 她激动地说着话，好像她明天就要见到那位超级巨星似的。（到巨星这件事在将来发生的可能性极小）
He talks as if he would win the lottery. 他说得好像他将中大奖一样。（中彩票几乎不可能）
She greeted me as though nothing ________ (happen). (之前发生不愉快)
He acted as if he ________ (never, see) a computer before. （实际见过）
The food smells delicious, as if it ______ (be) prepared by a top chef.
had happened
had never seen
were
If I were you, I would try my best and not copy the answers.
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①He can speak English very fluently as if he 　　　　　　(be)a native Englishman,so you can talk to him freely.
②Jack wasn’t saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he
　　　　　　(do)something very clever.
③听到这个坏消息,玛丽呆住了,动弹不得。[读后续写之神态描写]
At the bad news,Mary froze with shock,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the ground.
were　
had done
as if/though rooted to
3.主语+be+形容词+to do
【教材原句】Water,food,and electricity were hard to get.
水、食物和电很难获得。
此句是“主语+be+形容词+to do”句式,不定式用主动形式表被动含义。若动词为不及物动词,应在其后面加上适当的介词。常用的形容词有hard,difficult,easy,important,interesting,necessary,pleasant,comfortable等。
【佳句背诵】With your timely and generous advice,the theme class meeting is easy to suit the foreigners’ tastes.[应用文之感谢信]
有你及时、慷慨的建议,这次主题班会很容易符合外国人的喜好。
【即学即练】单句写作/句型转换
①在一年的四个季节中,夏天是我最喜欢的季节。早晨的空气呼吸起来棒极了。
Among the four seasons in a year,summer is my favourite.The morning air 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
②这些问题难以解决,因此我写信向你求助。[应用文之求助信]
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,so I am writing to turn to you for help.
③It is interesting to take part in various after-class activities.
→　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(用“主语+be+形容词+to do”句式改写)
is good to breathe　
These problems are difficult/hard to solve
Various after-class activities are interesting to take part in.
4. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! (P50)
全国几乎三分之一的地方均有震感。
[归纳扩展]
(1)one third表示“三分之一”。英语中分数词的表达：基数词+序数词，分子用基数词(one, two...)，分母用序数词(first, second...)。当分子大于一时，分母用复数。如： 2/5 two fifths, 2又5/6 two and five sixths。
(2)主谓一致。分数做主语时，谓语动词的选择关键看它后跟的名词。如果of+可数名词单数/不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数；如果of+可数名词复数，则谓语动词也用复数。但是当分数词修饰population时，谓语动词一律用复数形式。
[即学即练]
About two-thirds of the earth's surface ___ covered by water.
Four fifths of the population _______ farmers.
Two thirds of the children in this school ______ locals.
Three-fourths of the information in the report ___ outdated.
Over 90% of the cake _____ been eaten.
A quarter of a million dollars ___ a large amount of money.
is
are
are
is
has
is
Attention！
当一笔钱、一段距离或一段时间作为一个整体来看待时，即使数字是复数，谓语动词也通常用单数。这里“二十五万美元”被视为一个总额。
5.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400, 000. (P50) 地震中死亡或重伤的人数超过40万。
[归纳扩展]
(1) the number of ，意为...的数量，the number of + n.作主语时，谓语动词需用单数。
(2) 注意和a number of 的区别：a number of 意为大量的，后接名词复数，a number of + n. 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
(3)此句中包含一个由关系代词who引导的定语从句，people是先行词，定语从句缺主语。
[即学即练]
①Since the war broke out three months ago, the number of homeless people ________________( increase) dramatically.
② ________ number of new houses being built is a index of a country's prosperity.
③A number of forged tickets ______(be) in circulation.
has increased
The
are

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