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Predicative Clauses
Unit1 Science and Scientists
Learning objectives:
In this class, you will:
1. know about the usage of predicative clause.
2. use predicative clauses to make sentences.
I am a student.
Her lucky number is six.
He became rich and successful.
They are at home now.
His job is to handle the problem.
The fact is that he passed the exam.
名词
数词
形容词
介词短语
不定式
从句
表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、代词、数词、动词过去分词、动词的-ing形式、副词、介词短语、形容词、不定式和从句等来充当,通常位于__________之后。
系动词
在复合句中，位于_________之后，充当________的从句称作表语从句。
表语
系动词
可以接表语从句的系动词有:
be动词: am, is, are, was, were
感官动词：look，feel, sound, taste, smell
保持类动词：remain, keep, stay
变化类动词：become, get, grow, turn, go
似乎类动词：seem, appear
证明类动词：prove, turn out
表语从句的概念
1.What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.
2.What I want to say is that I am tired.
3. I don't know what I can say.
4. It sounds as if somebody was knocking at the door.
5. The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus this morning.
6. Foreigners are always asked what Chinese food they like best.
Judge: Which is a predicative clause
表语从句的语序
The question is how (can I / I can ) make you understand the knowledge.
表语从句和宾语从句、主语从句一样，要用陈述语序：主语+谓语。
√
表语从句的引导词
1. The answer he gave to others is that ___________________.
2. That the animal protection organization blamed the farmer is because__________________________.
3. What Fu Han wants to tell us is that ________________________.
your life has just begun
the farmer let the monkey work
everyone has worries
一、从属连词that 引导的表语从句
that ____ 意义，在表语从句中 ______ 成分,起______ 作用，________ 省略。
无
不充当
连接
不能
The fact is that he was lying.
The reason is that they never give up.
His suggestion is that we should tell him.
One idea is that fish is the best brain food.
The question is whether the film is worth watching.
The question is whether we can finish the task on time, because we have only three days left.
二、从属连词whether 引导的表语从句
whether____ 意义，意为“________”，在表语从句中 ______ 成分,起 _____ 作用（注意：if ______引导表语从句)。
连接
是否
不能
有
不充当
1. My belief is __________I will succeed by working hard.
我的信念是通过努力我会成功。
2. The most pleasant thing about the rainy season is ________one can be entirely free from dust.
雨季最令人愉快的事情是完全没有灰尘。
3. The problem is ______________we can find them there.
问题是我们能否在那里找到他们。
whether
that
that
Practice
三、从属连词as if / as though 引导的表语从句
1. It looks as if it is going to rain.
2. The young man with long hair looks as if he were a girl.
3. It sounds as if / though someone is knocking at the door.
4. She looked as if she had been hit by lightning.
as if/though 在从句中________成分，意为“______________”,常接在look, sound, seem等系动词后;若引导的表语从句如果是事实，就用陈述语气；若与事实不符，从句用_________.
不充当
似乎；好像
虚拟语气
1. It sounds as if someone ___ knocking at the door.
(与事实相符, 用一般现在时)
2. Tom likes to talk big as if he ______ an important person.
(对现在的虚拟，用一般过去时，be动词用were)
3. He opens his mouth as if he ________ say something.
(对将来的虚拟，用would/could/might+do)
4. He talked about Rome as if he ___________ there.
(对过去的虚拟，用had done)
is
were
would
had been
三、as if / as though 引导从句的虚拟语气
总结：as if/as though 引导从句的虚拟语气：
若跟现在事实不符：过去式（be动词用were）
若跟将来事实不符：would/could/might+动词原形
若跟过去事实不符：had done
四、从属连词because引导的表语从句
That's because we never thought of it.
He did not see the film last night. That is because he had seen it before.
Because 引导的表语从句，在从句中______成分，意为______.
不充当
因为
五、连接代词what(ever), which(ever), who(ever), whom(ever),whose 等引导的表语从句
My hometown is no longer what it used to be.
The problem is who we can get to replace her.
The problem is whose work is the best.
The question is which caused the accident, the poor weather or the heavy traffic
在句中充当______、______、______、_______,
______(有/无)意义，________(能/不能)省略。
表语
宾语
定语
主语
有
不能
五、连接代词what(ever), which(ever), who(ever), whom(ever), whose 等引导的表语从句
1. You can be __________ you want to be. 你可以成为你想做的任何人。
2. The question is __________ caused the accident.
问题是什么造成了这场事故。
3. The most important thing is __________ responsibility it is.
最重要的就是它是谁的责任。
4. This is ________ my father has taught me--to be an honest man.
这就是我父亲教给我的--做一个诚实的人。
whoever
what
whose
what
Tom is no longer _______ he used to be.
The question is _______ of us should come first.
The problem is ______ is really fit for the hard job.
The important thing is _______name should be put at the top of the list.
The most important thing is __________ makes you happy.
what
which
who
whose
五、连接代词what(ever), which(ever), who(ever), whom(ever), whose 等引导的表语从句
whatever
六、连接副词where, when, why, how 引导的表语从句
where, when, why, how在从句中充当_______、______、______或______状语，______(有/无)意义，________(能/不能)省略。
时间
地点
方式
原因
The problem is how we can find him.
That is where I first met her.
That's why I object to the plan.
Thanksgiving is when people celebrate the harvest.
有
不能
六、连接副词where, when, why, how 引导的表语从句
That’s _______ I can’t agree with you.这就是我不同意你的地方。
The rain is too heavy. That is _________ I got wet.
The question is __________we can get in touch with him.
My strongest memory is ______ I attended an American wedding as a child.
where
why
how
when
连接词
从属连词: that, whether, as if, as though, because
连接副词: when, where, how, why
连接代词: what, who, whom, whose, which, wh-ever
（在从句中不作成分）
（在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语）
（在从句中作状语）
表语从句的引导词
Practice
Running means doing the same thing for a while. That is ________ I didn’t enjoy running.
The village is_________I used to spend my holiday
The trouble is _______we are short of funds.
I'd like to start my own business---that's________ I want to do if I have the money.
What I want to know is______will support me.
Please put the medicine on the top of the shelf. It’s _______our children can’t reach it.
why
where
that
what
who
where
Attention 1: 区分why和because
1. She often comes late. That's ______________she has a baby to
take care of.
2. She has a baby to take care of. That's _____________she often
comes late.
why
because
总结：That’s/It’s/This’s because… （这是因为…）+原因
That’s/It’s/This’s why… (这是为什么…) +结果
1. We decided to put off the football match. That is ________
the weather was too bad.
2. The reason _______we decided to put off the football match is ________ the weather was too bad.
because
why
当主句的主语是 _____________ 或 why 引导的 __________时常用 ______ 来引导表语从句，而不用 because。
the reason
主语从句
that
Attention 2: 区分that和because
that
The reason why...is/was that+原因...
1.He is careless and irresponsible. That was _______ he was fired.
2.He was fired. That was _________ he is careless and irresponsible.
3. The reason _______ he was fired was ________ he was careless and irresponsible.
4. I lost the game. The reason was_________ I underestimated my competitors.
5. The reason _______ I lost the game was _______ I underestimated my competitors.
why
because
why
that
即学即练
why
that
that
1.His proposal was that the work _________________ (finish) in five hours.
2.My suggestion is that we all
_____________________________________________ .
我的建议是我们每个人都应该积极参加运动会。
Attention 3：虚拟语气用于表语从句
My suggestion is that you (should) think it over before you make a decision.
表示__________________(order,advice, suggestion, proposal, request, demand) 等名词作主语，后面的表语从句要用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略.
命令，建议，要求
(should) be finished
(should) take an active part in the sports meeting
1. My worry is if he can get there on time.
2. The reason why he failed was because he didn't study hard.
3. My advice is that he sees the doctor right away.
4. The trouble is what we are short of money.
that
whether
that
see
即学即练
改错
即学即练
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______(be) broken.
One advantage of solar energy is_________it will never run out.
He acted as though he_______________(know) nothing about it.
were
that
had known
高考真题
1. From space, the earth looks blue. This is_________ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
2. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, "That's __________I was born．"
3. The best moment for the football star was_______ he scored the winning goal.
4. By boat is the only way to get here, which is_______ we arrived.
5. This is my father has taught me —to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
6. The amazing thing about the spring is ________ the colder the temperature gets, the hotter the spring!
because
where
when
how
what
that
Complete the following ideas by famous scientists with a word or expression that introduces a predicative clause and translate them in your own words.
Research is _________ I’m doing when I don’t know what I’m
doing. (Werner von Braun)
what
as though because that what whoever why
Practice and Apply
研究就是当我不知道自己在做什么的时候我在做的事。
——布劳恩（徳裔美籍火箭科学家）
2. The saddest aspect of life right now is _______ science gathers
knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom. (Isaac Asimov)
that
as though because that what whoever why
Practice and Apply
当下生活最可悲的一面就是科学积累知识的速度超过了社会积累智慧的速度。——艾萨克·阿西莫夫
（美国科幻小说作家、化学家）
3. An expert can be _________ has made all the mistakes that can
be made in a very narrow field. (Niles Bohr)
whoever
as though because that what whoever why
Practice and Apply
专家可能是在一个非常狭窄的领域里犯了所有可能犯的错误的人。
——尼耳斯·玻尔 （丹麦物理学家）
4. When different experiments give you the same result, it is no longer subject to your opinion. That’s the good thing about science: It is true whether or not you believe in it. That’s _________ it works. (Neil deGrasse Tyson)
why
as though because that what whoever why
Practice and Apply
当不同的实验呈现出相同的结果时，它就不再受制于你的意见。这就是科学的好处: 不管你信不信它都是真的。这就是科学工作的原理。
——奈尔·德葛拉司·泰森 （美国天文学家）
5. This applied science, which saves work and makes life easier, brings us little happiness. That is _________ we have not yet learnt to make sensible use of it! (Albert Einstein)
because
as though because that what whoever why
Practice and Apply
这种节约工作量，使生活更容易的应用科学，给我们带来的快乐很少。那是因为我们还没有学会合理地利用它!
—— 爱因斯坦
6. There are only two ways to live your life. One is ____________ nothing is a miracle. The other is ____________ everything is a miracle. (Albert Einstein)
as though
as though
as though because that what whoever why
Practice and Apply
你的生活只有两种方式。一种是好像什么都不是奇迹。另一种是好像一切都是奇迹。
—— 爱因斯坦
1. The fact was 　.
事实是他没有做真正的努力。
2. The question is .
问题是这部电影是否值得看。
3. she had known Millie for years.
看起来好像她认识米莉已有好多年了。
4. My advice is ___ as often
as possible. 我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。
Complete the sentences.
that he didn't really try
whether the film is worth seeing
It looked as though/if
that you (should) practise speaking English
5. That's .
那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。
6. The problem is .
问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。
7. That is .
那就是我想让你在这儿工作的原因。
8. I was late for school this morning.
last night.
今天早上我上学迟到了。那是因为我昨晚睡得太晚了。
where I first met her
who is really fit for the hard job
why I want you to work here
That's because I stayed up too late

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