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新人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 5知识清单
重 点 单 词 Unit 5 1.boost vt. 使增长;使兴旺　n. 增长;提高;激励 2.attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得;得到 3.overcome vt. 克服;解决;战胜→overcame/overcome/overcoming (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 4.alternative n. 可供选择的事物　adj. 可供替代的;非传统的 5.estimate vt. 估计;估价;估算　n. 估计;估算 6.comprise vt. 包括;包含;由……组成 7.essential adj. 完全必要的;极其重要的 8.aspect n. 方面;层面 9.instance n. 例子;实例;事例 10.output n. 产量;输出;输出量　vt. 输出→output/output/outputting (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 11.crisis n. 危机;危急关头→crises (pl.) 12.tackle vt. 解决(难题);应付(局面);处理 13.domestic adj. 本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的 14.leisure n. 闲暇;休闲;空闲 15.mineral n. 矿物;矿物质 16.celebrity n. 名望;名誉;名人;名流 17.organic adj. 有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的 18.vision n. 想象;视力;视野;影像 19.characteristic n. 特征;特点;品质　adj. 典型的;独特的 20.flavour n. 味道;特点;特色 21.urban 　adj. 城市的;都市的;城镇的 22.bomb n. 炸弹 vt. 轰炸;对……投炸弹 23.wheat n. 小麦;小麦籽 24.grain n. 谷物;谷粒;颗粒 25.yield n. 产量;产出 vt. 出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等) vi. 屈服;让步 26.soil n. 泥土;土壤;国土;领土 27.widespread adj. 分布广的;普遍的;广泛的 28.grocery n. 食品杂货店 (pl.) 食品杂货 29.root n. 根;根茎;根部;根源 30.generate vt. 产生;引起
词 汇 拓 展 Unit 5 1.convince vt. 使相信;使确信;说服→convinced adj. 确信的→convincing adj. 令人信服的 2.devote vt. 把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于→devoted adj. 挚爱的;忠诚的→devotion n. 热爱;献身;专心;忠诚 3.consumption n. 消耗;消耗量;消费→consume v. 消耗;耗费→consumer n. 消费者 4.reality n. 现实;实际情况;事实→real adj. 真的;现实的→really adv. 真正地;事实上 5.salty adj. 含盐的;咸的→salt n. 食盐 6.assumption n. 假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权利的)获得→assume v. 假定;假设 7.expand vt.&vi. 扩大;增加　vt. 扩展;发展(业务)→expansion n. 扩大;膨胀 8.shortage n. 不足;缺少;短缺→short adj. 短的;缺乏的;不足的→shorten v. (使)变短;缩短 9.entirely adv. 全部地;完整地;完全地→entire adj. 完全的;完整的 10.extension n. 扩建部分;扩大;电话分机→extend v. 使延长;扩大 11.depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)→deep adj. 深的;纵深的→deeply adv. 非常;深刻地 12.poverty n. 贫穷;贫困→poor adj. 贫穷的→poorly adv. 糟糕地;不适 13.chemical adj. 与化学有关的;化学的　n. 化学制品;化学品→chemistry n. 化学→chemist n. 化学家;药剂师 14.nutrition n. 营养;滋养→nutritional adj. 营养(物)的→nutritious adj. 有营养的;营养丰富的 15.conventional adj. 传统的;习惯的→convention n. 惯例;习俗 16.intense adj. 热切的;十分强烈的;激烈的→intensity n. 增强;加剧;紧张 17.digest vt.&vi. 消化　vt. 领会;领悟→digestion n. 消化;消化能力
重 点 短 语 Unit 5 1．devote...to把……用于；献身；致力；专心 2．be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成(或构成) 3．deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上 4．in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流 5．for instance例如；比如
重 点 句 型 1．Indeed，his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he has devoted his life. 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千百万中国农民一样。 2．However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 然而，他最担忧的是农民们的收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。 3．Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy，one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. 鉴于袁隆平的杂交水稻品种已经让他变得相当富有，有的人可能认为，他会退休过一种休闲的生活。 4．Today，it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains，and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. 据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
Yuan Longping，who 1._______(know) as the “father of hybrid rice”，considers himself a farmer.When he was young,2._____ concerned him most was farmers’ 3.________(short) of food to eat，so he chose to study agriculture at college.After graduating in 1953，he worked as a researcher and devoted himself to 4._______(create) a kind of hybrid rice，which could attain a 5.______(high) yield.In 1974，he succeeded in making it 6.___ reality.Today,60% of domestic consumption in China is comprised of crops 7.________(generate) from his hybrid strains，for which he has received numerous awards both in China and abroad.But the humorous old “farmer”，caring little 8.______ celebrity or money，is still living a simple life.Despite his 9._________(advance) years，he is trying 10._______(fulfill) his dreams of riding the world of hunger.
知识点
devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于(常与介词to连用)(devoted adj.深爱的；忠诚的 devotion n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱)
devote...to (doing) sth.把……奉献给；把……专注于 devote oneself to (doing) sth.致力于(做)某事；献身于(做)某事 be devoted to (doing) sth.专心于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事
(1)It is his devotion(devote)to his learning that enables him to attain a doctor’s degree.
(2)我最崇拜的人是我的英语老师，他致力于教学。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
①The person I admire most is my English teacher who/that devotes himself to/is devoted to his teaching.(定语从句)
②The person I admire most is my English teacher devoted to his teaching.(过去分词短语作后置定语)
【高考真题链接】
（2025·山东卷·完形填空）
The retired teacher remained ________ to the village school, refusing offers from urban schools. A. devoted B. devoting C. devotion D. devote
（2024·全国甲卷·语法填空）
It is the ________ (devote) of scientists like Yuan Longping that has ensured China's food security.
（2023·浙江卷·翻译）
这位志愿者致力于帮助留守儿童解决学习难题。
convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服 (convinced adj.确信的；坚信的 convincing adj.令人信服的)
convince sb.of sth.使某人确信/明白某事 convince sb.that...使某人相信…… convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事 be convinced (that...)/of...(某人)坚信……
(1)His speech was so convincing that everyone present entirely believed what he said.From his convincing words，I was entirely convinced of his ability to tackle this problem perfectly.(convince)
(2)我深信我能胜任这份工作，如果有幸得到这个职位，我将尽最大努力履行职责。(应用文写作之申请信)
I am greatly convinced that I am qualified for this job and I will try my best to perform my duties if I am lucky enough to get the position.
(3)我已经说服爸爸支持我沿湄公河骑行的计划。
I have convinced my father to support my plan to cycle along the Mekong River.
【高考真题链接】
（2025·江苏卷·选择题）
The research data ________ us that regular exercise improves mental health.
convinces B. reminds C. informs D. warns
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
The coach spent hours (convince) the player to join the team.
（2023·全国乙卷·翻译）
我确信通过努力，你能在这次英语演讲比赛中取得好成绩。
assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得(assume v．假定；设想；承担；假装)
on the assumption that...假定…… make an assumption作出臆断 assume sb./sth.(to be)＋adj./n.假定/认为某人/某事(为)…… It is generally assumed that...人们普遍认为…… assuming (that)...假设……
(1)Deep down they assumed her to be(be) the best singer of their time.
(2)假如我被选为学生会主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动以丰富我们的学校生活。
On the assumption that/Assuming that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Union，I will organize more colorful after-class activities to enrich our school life.
(3)People assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.
→It is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh ourselves but also it can strengthen our memory.(用It is generally assumed that...；not only...but also...的倒装句改写)
【高考真题链接】
（2024·江苏卷·写作改编·翻译）
假定你能参加这次文化交流活动，请提前准备一份自我介绍。
（2025·全国Ⅱ卷·语法填空）
(assume) that the weather is fine, we will go hiking this weekend.
alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的(alternatively adv.可供选择地)
have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事 an alternative to...……的替代品
(1)I could come to your house，or alternatively(alternative)，we could meet in the town.
(2)For instance，solar energy is an alternative to fossil fuel.
(3)面对新冠，我们别无选择只能待在家里以缓解这个严重的境况。
Faced with COVID-19，we have no alternative but to stay at home to alleviate the serious situation.
【高考真题链接】
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·选择题）
Faced with the energy crisis, we need to find an alternative ________ fossil fuels.
to B. of C. for D. with
（2025·北京卷·语法填空）
We could take the bus, or (alternative), ride bikes to the park.
in turn转而；相应地；反过来；依次；轮流
by turns轮流 take turns to do sth.轮流做某事 It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。
【高考真题链接】
（2024·天津卷·语法填空）
It is your to clean the classroom today.
（2025·浙江卷·选择题）
The team members ________ to carry the supplies, and in turn, everyone felt less tired.
took turns B. by turns C. in turn D. turned down
Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy，one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.鉴于袁隆平开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有，有人会认为他会退休,享受悠闲的生活。
given that＋从句，用来标记已知事实，表示“鉴于，考虑到”。
(1)鉴于您对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣，我写信向您介绍端午节。(应用文写作之传统文化)
Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival，Dragon Boat Festival，I am writing to introduce it to you.
(2)鉴于没有人帮他与恶狼作斗争，他立即从自行车上下来，并且抓牢自行车，用尽全力把它扔向狼，试图把狼吓跑。(读后续写之动作链描写)
Given that there was nobody to help him fight against the fierce wolf，he instantly got off the bike，seized the bike tightly and threw it towards the wolf with all his strength，trying to frighten it away.
【高考真题链接】
（2024·全国乙卷·翻译）
鉴于你对中国历史很有研究，我想向你请教一个关于明清建筑的问题。
（2025·新高考Ⅱ卷·语法填空）
（give）that the meeting is delayed, we have to adjust our schedule.
语法点
Grammar　主语从句
一、主语从句的基本用法
1．主语从句的引导词
[观察例句]
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
你将要来伦敦是这么长时间以来我听到的最好的消息。
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
它是否对我们有害还有待观察。
What I have seen today has made a very deep impression on me.
今天我的所见所闻给我留下了非常深刻的印象。
Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine.
触犯本法者应予以罚款。
Whichever(of you)comes in first will receive a prize.
(你们中)谁先进来谁就会得奖。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
我们何时举行一次会议是个重要的问题。
Where we shall do the test is still under discussion.
我们在什么地方做这个测试还在讨论中。
[归纳用法]
类别 例词 说明
从属连词 that, whether 两者在从句中均不作成分，只起连接作用；that无实义，whether表示“是否”。
连接代词 who, what, which, whoever, whatever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
连接副词 when, where, how, why等 在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成分。
[名师点津]　主语从句中连接词的选择技巧
(1)根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分。
(2)根据连接词在从句中的意义。
[即学即练1]——用whether, that, whoever填空
① she became an artist may have been due to her father's influence.
② we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
③Every year, makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
2．it作形式主语
[观察例句]
It's possible that he has been to Beijing.
他有可能去过北京。
It's a pity that you didn't attend the meeting.
你没参加这次会议太可惜了。
It seems that it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨。
It is important that he should know about this.
他应该知道此事是重要的。
It is suggested that the meeting be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
[归纳用法]
为保持句子平衡，常把主语从句后置，而用形式主语it代替。it作形式主语时常用于以下句型：
句型 说明
It＋系动词＋形容词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的形容词有important, (un)likely，possible, necessary, natural, wrong等。
It＋系动词＋名词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的名词有fact，idea，honour，question，pity等。
It＋系动词＋过去分词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的过去分词，有known，proved，said，decided，suggested，thought等。
It＋不及物动词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的动词有appear，happen，seem，occur，matter等。
[名师点津]
(1)在“It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。
(2)在“It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为important/necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。
[即学即练2]——完成句子
①很可惜你不能来参加我的生日聚会。
that you can't attend my birthday party.
②有人建议这位老人到乡村休息一下。
that the old man should go to the countryside to have a rest.
③在我看来你好像不赞成这个计划。
that you disagree with the plan.
二、主语从句中应注意的问题
1．从句要用陈述语序
How he succeeded is still a puzzle.
他是如何成功的仍然是个谜。
2．主谓一致
(1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。
Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much.
毕业后到哪儿找一份工作使他很困惑。
[名师点津]　what引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where they will hold the meeting is not clear.
他们何时何地召开会议还不清楚。
[即学即练3]——单句语法填空
①When we will set off is(be)still under discussion.
②When and where the meeting will be held has(have)not been decided.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
2．Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.
3． Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.
4． we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
5．Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
6． the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
7．I think impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
8．Some people believe has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
9． makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
10． you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
It is a pity you missed the lecture on Chinese traditional art.
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·选择题）
________ makes the story of Lin Daiyu moving is her sincere feelings.
What B. That C. Who D. Which
（2024·全国甲卷·语法填空）
It is suggested that the cultural heritage protection plan ________ (carry) out immediately.
（2023·浙江卷·语法填空）
we can pass on the intangible cultural heritage is a hot topic.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
新人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 5知识清单
重 点 单 词 Unit 5 1.boost vt. 使增长;使兴旺　n. 增长;提高;激励 2.attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得;得到 3.overcome vt. 克服;解决;战胜→overcame/overcome/overcoming (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 4.alternative n. 可供选择的事物　adj. 可供替代的;非传统的 5.estimate vt. 估计;估价;估算　n. 估计;估算 6.comprise vt. 包括;包含;由……组成 7.essential adj. 完全必要的;极其重要的 8.aspect n. 方面;层面 9.instance n. 例子;实例;事例 10.output n. 产量;输出;输出量　vt. 输出→output/output/outputting (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 11.crisis n. 危机;危急关头→crises (pl.) 12.tackle vt. 解决(难题);应付(局面);处理 13.domestic adj. 本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的 14.leisure n. 闲暇;休闲;空闲 15.mineral n. 矿物;矿物质 16.celebrity n. 名望;名誉;名人;名流 17.organic adj. 有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的 18.vision n. 想象;视力;视野;影像 19.characteristic n. 特征;特点;品质　adj. 典型的;独特的 20.flavour n. 味道;特点;特色 21.urban 　adj. 城市的;都市的;城镇的 22.bomb n. 炸弹 vt. 轰炸;对……投炸弹 23.wheat n. 小麦;小麦籽 24.grain n. 谷物;谷粒;颗粒 25.yield n. 产量;产出 vt. 出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等) vi. 屈服;让步 26.soil n. 泥土;土壤;国土;领土 27.widespread adj. 分布广的;普遍的;广泛的 28.grocery n. 食品杂货店 (pl.) 食品杂货 29.root n. 根;根茎;根部;根源 30.generate vt. 产生;引起
词 汇 拓 展 Unit 5 1.convince vt. 使相信;使确信;说服→convinced adj. 确信的→convincing adj. 令人信服的 2.devote vt. 把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于→devoted adj. 挚爱的;忠诚的→devotion n. 热爱;献身;专心;忠诚 3.consumption n. 消耗;消耗量;消费→consume v. 消耗;耗费→consumer n. 消费者 4.reality n. 现实;实际情况;事实→real adj. 真的;现实的→really adv. 真正地;事实上 5.salty adj. 含盐的;咸的→salt n. 食盐 6.assumption n. 假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权利的)获得→assume v. 假定;假设 7.expand vt.&vi. 扩大;增加　vt. 扩展;发展(业务)→expansion n. 扩大;膨胀 8.shortage n. 不足;缺少;短缺→short adj. 短的;缺乏的;不足的→shorten v. (使)变短;缩短 9.entirely adv. 全部地;完整地;完全地→entire adj. 完全的;完整的 10.extension n. 扩建部分;扩大;电话分机→extend v. 使延长;扩大 11.depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)→deep adj. 深的;纵深的→deeply adv. 非常;深刻地 12.poverty n. 贫穷;贫困→poor adj. 贫穷的→poorly adv. 糟糕地;不适 13.chemical adj. 与化学有关的;化学的　n. 化学制品;化学品→chemistry n. 化学→chemist n. 化学家;药剂师 14.nutrition n. 营养;滋养→nutritional adj. 营养(物)的→nutritious adj. 有营养的;营养丰富的 15.conventional adj. 传统的;习惯的→convention n. 惯例;习俗 16.intense adj. 热切的;十分强烈的;激烈的→intensity n. 增强;加剧;紧张 17.digest vt.&vi. 消化　vt. 领会;领悟→digestion n. 消化;消化能力
重 点 短 语 Unit 5 1．devote...to把……用于；献身；致力；专心 2．be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成(或构成) 3．deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上 4．in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流 5．for instance例如；比如
重 点 句 型 1．Indeed，his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he has devoted his life. 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千百万中国农民一样。 2．However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 然而，他最担忧的是农民们的收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。 3．Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy，one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. 鉴于袁隆平的杂交水稻品种已经让他变得相当富有，有的人可能认为，他会退休过一种休闲的生活。 4．Today，it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains，and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. 据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
Yuan Longping，who 1._______(know) as the “father of hybrid rice”，considers himself a farmer.When he was young,2._____ concerned him most was farmers’ 3.________(short) of food to eat，so he chose to study agriculture at college.After graduating in 1953，he worked as a researcher and devoted himself to 4._______(create) a kind of hybrid rice，which could attain a 5.______(high) yield.In 1974，he succeeded in making it 6.___ reality.Today,60% of domestic consumption in China is comprised of crops 7.________(generate) from his hybrid strains，for which he has received numerous awards both in China and abroad.But the humorous old “farmer”，caring little 8.______ celebrity or money，is still living a simple life.Despite his 9._________(advance) years，he is trying 10._______(fulfill) his dreams of riding the world of hunger.
1.is known 2. what3. shortage 4. creating 5. higher 6. a7. generated 8. for 9. advanced 10.to fulfill
知识点
devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于(常与介词to连用)(devoted adj.深爱的；忠诚的 devotion n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱)
devote...to (doing) sth.把……奉献给；把……专注于 devote oneself to (doing) sth.致力于(做)某事；献身于(做)某事 be devoted to (doing) sth.专心于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事
(1)It is his devotion(devote)to his learning that enables him to attain a doctor’s degree.
(2)我最崇拜的人是我的英语老师，他致力于教学。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
①The person I admire most is my English teacher who/that devotes himself to/is devoted to his teaching.(定语从句)
②The person I admire most is my English teacher devoted to his teaching.(过去分词短语作后置定语)
【高考真题链接】
（2025·山东卷·完形填空）
The retired teacher remained ________ to the village school, refusing offers from urban schools. A. devoted B. devoting C. devotion D. devote
答案：A
解析：考点为be devoted to固定搭配，表“忠诚于”；主语“teacher”与devoted（形容词）搭配，B为现在分词，C为名词，D为动词，均不符合句法。主题“乡村教育奉献”贴合U5核心。
（2024·全国甲卷·语法填空）
It is the ________ (devote) of scientists like Yuan Longping that has ensured China's food security.答案：devotion
解析：考点为devote→devotion的名词转换，设空处作主语；“袁隆平”为U5典型人物，考词性转换在主题语境中的应用。
（2023·浙江卷·翻译）
这位志愿者致力于帮助留守儿童解决学习难题。
答案：The volunteer devotes himself to helping left-behind children solve their study problems. 解析：考点为devote oneself to doing sth.，“留守儿童”为社会热点，贴合高考“人与社会”命题趋势。
convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服 (convinced adj.确信的；坚信的 convincing adj.令人信服的)
convince sb.of sth.使某人确信/明白某事 convince sb.that...使某人相信…… convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事 be convinced (that...)/of...(某人)坚信……
(1)His speech was so convincing that everyone present entirely believed what he said.From his convincing words，I was entirely convinced of his ability to tackle this problem perfectly.(convince)
(2)我深信我能胜任这份工作，如果有幸得到这个职位，我将尽最大努力履行职责。(应用文写作之申请信)
I am greatly convinced that I am qualified for this job and I will try my best to perform my duties if I am lucky enough to get the position.
(3)我已经说服爸爸支持我沿湄公河骑行的计划。
I have convinced my father to support my plan to cycle along the Mekong River.
【高考真题链接】
（2025·江苏卷·选择题）
The research data ________ us that regular exercise improves mental health.
convinces B. reminds C. informs D. warns
答案：A
解析：考点为convince sb. that...（此处省略that），“数据使我们确信”符合逻辑；B为“提醒”，C为“告知”，D为“警告”，均无“说服”语义。
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
The coach spent hours (convince) the player to join the team.
答案：convincing
解析：考点为convince sb. to do sth.，spend time doing sth.固定搭配，考动词-ing形式作宾语。
（2023·全国乙卷·翻译）
我确信通过努力，你能在这次英语演讲比赛中取得好成绩。
答案：I am convinced that you can get good results in this English speech contest through hard work.
解析：考点为be convinced that...，“演讲比赛”贴合U5“校园活动”，考情感表达的书面句式。
assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得(assume v．假定；设想；承担；假装)
on the assumption that...假定…… make an assumption作出臆断 assume sb./sth.(to be)＋adj./n.假定/认为某人/某事(为)…… It is generally assumed that...人们普遍认为…… assuming (that)...假设……
(1)Deep down they assumed her to be(be) the best singer of their time.
(2)假如我被选为学生会主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动以丰富我们的学校生活。
On the assumption that/Assuming that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Union，I will organize more colorful after-class activities to enrich our school life.
(3)People assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.
→It is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh ourselves but also it can strengthen our memory.(用It is generally assumed that...；not only...but also...的倒装句改写)
【高考真题链接】
（2024·江苏卷·写作改编·翻译）
假定你能参加这次文化交流活动，请提前准备一份自我介绍。
答案：On the assumption that you can attend this cultural exchange activity, please prepare a self-introduction in advance.
解析：考点为on the assumption that...，“文化交流”贴合U5主题，考应用文场景的假设表达。
（2025·全国Ⅱ卷·语法填空）
(assume) that the weather is fine, we will go hiking this weekend.
答案：Assuming 解析：考点为assuming (that)...作状语，表“假设”，考非谓语动词的省略用法。
alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的(alternatively adv.可供选择地)
have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事 an alternative to...……的替代品
(1)I could come to your house，or alternatively(alternative)，we could meet in the town.
(2)For instance，solar energy is an alternative to fossil fuel.
(3)面对新冠，我们别无选择只能待在家里以缓解这个严重的境况。
Faced with COVID-19，we have no alternative but to stay at home to alleviate the serious situation.
【高考真题链接】
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·选择题）
Faced with the energy crisis, we need to find an alternative ________ fossil fuels.
to B. of C. for D. with
答案：A
解析：考点为an alternative to...固定搭配，表“……的替代品”；“能源危机”贴合U5“环保与选择”主题，考介词固定搭配。
（2025·北京卷·语法填空）
We could take the bus, or (alternative), ride bikes to the park.
答案：alternatively
解析：考alternative→alternatively的副词转换，表“可供选择地”，考词性转换在并列结构中的应用。
in turn转而；相应地；反过来；依次；轮流
by turns轮流 take turns to do sth.轮流做某事 It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。
【高考真题链接】
（2024·天津卷·语法填空）
It is your to clean the classroom today.
答案：turn
解析：考点为it’s one’s turn to do sth.，to为不定式符号，接动词原形。
（2025·浙江卷·选择题）
The team members ________ to carry the supplies, and in turn, everyone felt less tired.
took turns B. by turns C. in turn D. turned down
答案：A
解析：考点为take turns to do，表“轮流做”；B为状语短语，不接to do，C为“转而”，D为“拒绝”，语义不符。
Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy，one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.鉴于袁隆平开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有，有人会认为他会退休,享受悠闲的生活。
given that＋从句，用来标记已知事实，表示“鉴于，考虑到”。
(1)鉴于您对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣，我写信向您介绍端午节。(应用文写作之传统文化)
Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival，Dragon Boat Festival，I am writing to introduce it to you.
(2)鉴于没有人帮他与恶狼作斗争，他立即从自行车上下来，并且抓牢自行车，用尽全力把它扔向狼，试图把狼吓跑。(读后续写之动作链描写)
Given that there was nobody to help him fight against the fierce wolf，he instantly got off the bike，seized the bike tightly and threw it towards the wolf with all his strength，trying to frighten it away.
【高考真题链接】
（2024·全国乙卷·翻译）
鉴于你对中国历史很有研究，我想向你请教一个关于明清建筑的问题。
答案：Given that you have a deep research on Chinese history, I want to ask you a question about the architecture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
解析：考点为given that引导已知事实，“明清建筑”贴合U5文化主题，考应用文的礼貌衔接。
（2025·新高考Ⅱ卷·语法填空）
（give）that the meeting is delayed, we have to adjust our schedule.
答案：Given
解析：考点为given that固定搭配，表“鉴于”，考从句引导词的省略（that可省，但此处保留更清晰。
语法点
Grammar　主语从句
一、主语从句的基本用法
1．主语从句的引导词
[观察例句]
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
你将要来伦敦是这么长时间以来我听到的最好的消息。
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
它是否对我们有害还有待观察。
What I have seen today has made a very deep impression on me.
今天我的所见所闻给我留下了非常深刻的印象。
Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine.
触犯本法者应予以罚款。
Whichever(of you)comes in first will receive a prize.
(你们中)谁先进来谁就会得奖。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
我们何时举行一次会议是个重要的问题。
Where we shall do the test is still under discussion.
我们在什么地方做这个测试还在讨论中。
[归纳用法]
类别 例词 说明
从属连词 that, whether 两者在从句中均不作成分，只起连接作用；that无实义，whether表示“是否”。
连接代词 who, what, which, whoever, whatever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
连接副词 when, where, how, why等 在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成分。
[名师点津]　主语从句中连接词的选择技巧
(1)根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分。
(2)根据连接词在从句中的意义。
[即学即练1]——用whether, that, whoever填空
① she became an artist may have been due to her father's influence.
② we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
③Every year, makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
【答案】1.That 2.Whether 3.whoever
2．it作形式主语
[观察例句]
It's possible that he has been to Beijing.
他有可能去过北京。
It's a pity that you didn't attend the meeting.
你没参加这次会议太可惜了。
It seems that it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨。
It is important that he should know about this.
他应该知道此事是重要的。
It is suggested that the meeting be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
[归纳用法]
为保持句子平衡，常把主语从句后置，而用形式主语it代替。it作形式主语时常用于以下句型：
句型 说明
It＋系动词＋形容词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的形容词有important, (un)likely，possible, necessary, natural, wrong等。
It＋系动词＋名词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的名词有fact，idea，honour，question，pity等。
It＋系动词＋过去分词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的过去分词，有known，proved，said，decided，suggested，thought等。
It＋不及物动词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的动词有appear，happen，seem，occur，matter等。
[名师点津]
(1)在“It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。
(2)在“It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为important/necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。
[即学即练2]——完成句子
①很可惜你不能来参加我的生日聚会。
that you can't attend my birthday party.
②有人建议这位老人到乡村休息一下。
that the old man should go to the countryside to have a rest.
③在我看来你好像不赞成这个计划。
that you disagree with the plan.
【答案】1.It's a pity 2.It's suggested 3.It seems to me
二、主语从句中应注意的问题
1．从句要用陈述语序
How he succeeded is still a puzzle.
他是如何成功的仍然是个谜。
2．主谓一致
(1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。
Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much.
毕业后到哪儿找一份工作使他很困惑。
[名师点津]　what引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where they will hold the meeting is not clear.
他们何时何地召开会议还不清楚。
[即学即练3]——单句语法填空
①When we will set off is(be)still under discussion.
②When and where the meeting will be held has(have)not been decided.
【答案】1.is2.has
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
2．Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.
3． Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.
4． we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
5．Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
6． the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
7．I think impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
8．Some people believe has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
9． makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
10． you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
【答案】1.that 2.Whatever 3.Where 4.How 5.when 6.When 7.what 8.what 9.What 10.What
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
It is a pity you missed the lecture on Chinese traditional art.
答案：that
解析：考点为it作形式主语，that引导主语从句无实义；“传统艺术讲座”贴合U5，考名词类形式主语句型。
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·选择题）
________ makes the story of Lin Daiyu moving is her sincere feelings.
What B. That C. Who D. Which
答案：A
解析：考点为连接代词what作主语，表“……的事物”；“林黛玉”贴合U5“文化人物”，考主语从句的成分判断。
（2024·全国甲卷·语法填空）
It is suggested that the cultural heritage protection plan ________ (carry) out immediately.
答案：(should) be carried
解析：考点为形式主语it+suggested后的虚拟语气，plan与carry out为被动关系，考“虚拟+被动”结合。
（2023·浙江卷·语法填空）
we can pass on the intangible cultural heritage is a hot topic.
答案：How
解析：考点为连接副词how作方式状语，“非物质文化遗产”贴合U5，考主语从句的引导词选择。
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