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新人教版必修第三册Unit 1知识清单
重 点 单 词 1.range n. 一系列;范围,界限　vi.包括;(在一定范围内)变化 2.figure n. 人物;数字;身材　vt. 认为;认定 3.gather vi. 聚集;集合　vt. 聚集;搜集;收割 4.feature vt. 以……为特色　n. 特色;特征;特点 5.fade vi.&vt. 逐渐消失;(使)褪色;(身体)变得虚弱 6.gratitude n. 感激之情;感谢 7.march vi.&n.行进;前进;示威游行 8.medium n. 媒介;手段;方法　adj. 中等的;中号的→(pl.) media 9.clap vt. 鼓掌;拍手;击掌　n. 鼓掌;拍手;掌声→clapped/clapped/clapping (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 10.inner adj. 内部的;里面的;内心的 11.fancy adj. 花哨的;精致的;昂贵的　vt. 想要;倾慕;自认为是 12.branch n. 树枝;分支;支流 13.moment n. 片刻;瞬间 14.harvest n. 收获季节;收获;收成　vi.&vt. 收割(庄稼);捕猎(动物、鱼) 15.envelope n. 信封;塑料封套 16.lunar adj. 阴历的;月球的;月亮的 17.eve n. 前夕;前一天 18.ceremony n. 典礼;仪式 19.wedding n. 婚礼;结婚庆典 20.pot n. 罐;壶;锅 21.region n. 地区;区域;地带 22.roast 　　 　adj. 烤的;焙的 vi.&vt. 烘烤;焙 23.carnival n. 狂欢节;嘉年华 24.church n. (基督教的)教堂;礼拜堂 25.crop n. 庄稼;作物;一季的收成 26.riddle n. 谜语;神秘事件 27.autonomous adj. 自治的;有自治权的 28.costume n. (某地或某历史时期的)服装;戏服 29.firecracker n. 鞭炮;爆竹 30.lantern n.灯笼;提灯 31.firework n. 烟火;烟花 (pl.) 烟花表演 32.tent n. 帐篷 33.eagle n. 雕;老鹰
词 汇 拓 展 1.respect n.&vt. 尊敬;尊重→respectful adj. 有礼貌的;尊重别人的→respected adj. 受人尊重的→respectable adj. 体面的;得体的;值得尊敬的 2.congratulate v. 向(某人)道贺;(因某事)为自己感到自豪→congratulation n. 祝贺;庆祝 3.occasion n. 特别的事情(或仪式、庆典);(适当的)机会→occasional adj. 偶尔的,偶然的→occasionally adv. 偶尔,有时 4.decorate vt. 装饰;装潢→decoration n.装饰;装饰品 5.reflect vt. 显示;反映;反射→reflection n. 映像;反映;反射 6.belief n. 信仰;信心;信任→believe v.相信→(反) disbelief n. 不相信;怀疑 7.significant adj. 有重大意义的;显著的→significance n.重要性;意义→significantly adv. 有重大意义地;显著地 8.joy n. 高兴;喜悦→joyful adj. 高兴的;快乐的 9.represent vt. 象征;代表;相当于→representation n.描绘;代表→representative n.代表;代表性人物　adj. 典型的;有代表性的 10.grace n. 优美;优雅;高雅→graceful adj. 优美的;高雅的→gracefully adv. 优美地;高雅地 11.brief adj. 简洁的;简单的;短暂的→briefly adv. 简洁地;简单地;短暂地 12.religion n. 宗教;宗教信仰→religious adj. 宗教的;笃信宗教的 13.origin n. 起源;起因;出身→original adj. 原来的;起初的→originally adv. 原来;起初 14.typical adj. 典型的;有代表性的;平常的→typically adv. 典型地;代表性地 15.absolutely adv. 绝对地;完全地→absolute adj. 绝对的;完全的 16.horrible adj. 令人震惊的;恐怖的;极坏的→horribly adv. 令人震惊地;恐怖地;极坏地→horror n.震惊;恐惧 17.faith n. 宗教信仰;信任;相信→faithful adj. 忠实的;守信的→faithfully adv. 忠实地 18.charm n. 魅力;迷人的特征;咒语→charming adj. 迷人的;吸引人的 19.pleased adj. 高兴的;满意的→please vt.使愉快;使满意→pleasing adj. 令人愉快的→pleasant adj. 令人愉快的;宜人的→pleasure n.愉快;高兴;乐事 20.frank adj. 坦率的;直率的→frankly adv. 坦率地;直率地 21.agricultural adj. 农业(劳动/生产)→agriculture n. 农业;农艺 22.commercial adj. 商业(化)的;以获利为目的的→commercialise vt. 使商业化;利用……牟利→commercialisation n. 商业化 23.wrestling n. 摔跤运动→wrestle vi.&vt. 摔跤;奋力对付→wrestler n. 摔跤运动员
重 点 短 语 1．dress (sb.) up穿上盛装；装扮 2．after all毕竟；别忘了 3．range from...to...包括从……到……之间 4．fade away逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱 5．in spite of不管；尽管 6．take advantage of利用；欺骗；占……的便宜 7．have sth.in common(兴趣、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征 8．to be frank坦白说；坦率地说 9．go off爆炸；走火；离开 10．except for除……之外 11．set off出发；动身；启程
重 点 句 型 1．However，no matter how different they may seem，all over the world，the spirit of sharing joy，gratitude，love，or peace is common in all festivals. 然而，不论它们看起来多么不同，世界各地分享快乐、感恩、爱或者和平的精神在所有的节日中是一样的。 2．Festivals are becoming more and more commercial，with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. 因为商家利用庆祝活动，所以节日变得越来越商业化。 3．Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. 网上的购物网站和社交媒体的应用程序使人们更加容易地花更多的钱为他们所爱的人购买礼物。 4．I heard it is because children are lighter and the horses can run faster and farther. 我听说那是因为孩子们比较轻，马可以跑得更快更远。 5．I’m finally back home now，feeling really tired，but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. 现在我终于回到家了，感到十分疲倦，但是和我的朋友一起欢度“那达慕”大会是完全值得的。
课文语法填空
Today’s festivals have 　1　 wide range of origins, 　2　(include) the seasons of the year, famous figures, important events, and religions. All festivals have the spirit of 　3　(share) joy, gratitude, love, or peace in common.
The harvest festival is one of the 　4　(much) popular festivals and is celebrated in many cultures. In China, families gather 　5　(admire) the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes during the Mid-Autumn Festival. Customs play a significant role in festivals, 　6　 they can change over time. For example, some Chinese cities no longer allow firecrackers during the Spring Festival, as they can increase air 　7　(pollute). However, these days, festivals 　8　(become) more and more commercial, with people 　9　(spend) more money on gifts, which results in different opinions.
Festivals are an important part of society. They reflect people’s wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes towards life. They are 　10　(occasion) that allow us to relax and enjoy life.
知识点
1.congratulation n.祝贺;恭喜
[教材原句] receive congratulations from...(P2) 收到……的祝贺
【考点必记】
(1)offer/send one’s congratulations to sb向某人致以祝贺
make congratulations to sb on sth祝贺某人某事
a letter of congratulation祝贺信
(2)congratulate vt.祝贺
congratulate sb on (doing) sth就(做)某事祝贺某人
[名师点津]
(1)congratulation用作祝贺语时,通常用复数形式;作为“祝贺”这一抽象意义时,通常用单数形式。(2)congratulate后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句。
【即时练】[单句语法填空]
(1)The two sportsmen congratulated each other _______winning the match by shaking hands.
(2)You can congratulate_______ (you) on having done a good job.
③I sincerely express my _______ (congratulate) on your graduating from Beijing University.
④_______ (congratulate)on your happy marriage!
[小情境写作]
(5)我谨对你获得英语演讲比赛一等奖向你表示祝贺。
I would like to _____________________________________ of the English speech contest.
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新课标I卷·语法填空）
When my sister won the national English competition, all our relatives offered their ______ (congratulate) to her warmly.
（2025·浙江卷·翻译）
我们应该祝贺李华在数学建模比赛中获得金奖。
2.range n. 一系列;范围、界限　vi.包括;(在一定范围内)变化
[教材原句] They have a wide range of origins,such as the seasons of the year,religions,famous figures,and important events.(P4) 节日的由来五花八门,比如时节、宗教、著名人物及重要事件。
【词块必记】
(1)a full/wide range of ...　 一系列……；各种各样的…… in/within the range of ... 在射程以内；在……范围内 out of range 在……范围外 beyond one's range 某人能力达不到的 (2)range from ... to ... 包括从……到……之间 range between ... and ... 在……和……范围内变动
【即时练】(单句语法填空)
①There will be an increase in ________ range of 0 to 3 per cent.
②Wang Yuanyuan, the scenic area's brand manager, said the ages of its visitors range ________ 20 to 45, and most of them are parents with children.
③This car is ________ the range of most people's pockets; we can't afford it either.
④She puts the picture ________the baby's range of vision.
⑤In any given office, employees can range from age 22________ 70.
⑥Prices of these toys range________$7 and $10.
⑦The team will hold________ range of activities, including some training and matches.
【高考真题链接】
（2023·全国甲卷·选择题）
The prices of the handcrafted products ______ from 50 yuan to 500 yuan, meeting different customers' needs.
A. rise B. range C. reach D. rank
（2025·全国II卷·语法填空）
The museum displays a wide ______ (range) of cultural relics, from ancient pottery to modern paintings.
3.figure n．人物；数字；身材；画像；雕像vt.认为；认定；计算；描绘
[教材原句] They have a wide range of origins,such as the seasons of the year,religions,famous figures,and important events.(P4) 节日的由来五花八门,比如时节、宗教、著名人物及重要事件。
[用法感知]　(写出下列句中figure的含义)
①Can you read this figure Is it a three or an eight？_______
②The medical scientist, is a leading figure in the battles against SARS in 2003 and COVID-19 in 2020._______
③This is the figure of Lu Xun, painted by himself._______
④They figured it was better to stay where they were._______
归纳点拨 (1)figure out　　　　　计算出；解决；理解；弄清楚 figure in 把……包括在内/计算在内 (2)keep one's figure 保持身材
【即时练】[小话题写作]
(5)说到中国著名的历史人物,我非常钦佩张骞。
_____________________ in Chinese history,I admire Zhang Qian very much.
⑥If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you _____________________.
如果你不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与其他人探讨，直到你把它弄清楚。
⑦I'm dieting to ________________.
我正在节食以保持身材。
【高考真题链接】
（2024·北京卷·选择题）
It took me a long time to ______ out how to operate the new software.
make B. figure C. work D. carry
（2023·新高考II卷·语法填空）
The ancient painting depicts a famous historical ______ (figure) who made great contributions to water conservancy.
4..significant adj.有重大意义的;显著的
[教材原句] Customs play a significant role in festivals,but sometimes they can change over time.(P4) 风俗习惯在节日中起着重要的作用,但有时会随着时间的推移而变化。
【词块必记】
(1)It is significant that ... ＝significantly　　很明显……；重要的是…… (2)significance n. 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义 the significance of ... ……的重要性/意义 be of (great/no/little) significance to ... 对……(很/不)重要 attach (great) significance to ... 认为……(很)重要 (3)significantly adv. 显著地；明显地；有重大意义地
【即时练】　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
(1)儒家传统特别重视教育,部分原因是它证明了改变生活的潜力。
Confucian traditions _____________________,in part because it has proved life-changing potential.
(2)我们应该牢记合作对社会和我们自己都非常重要。
We should bear in mind that _____________________ both our society and ourselves.
③Your success today may be _______ (significance) to your whole future.
④The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and _______(significant) improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
⑤This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries special _______ (significant)．
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）
The discovery of the new energy source is ______ (significant) for solving the global energy crisis.
（2025·天津卷·翻译）
父母和老师都非常重视青少年的心理健康。
5.typical adj.典型的;有代表性的;平常的
[教材原句] One example is the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits and celebrate the new year.(P4) 中国春节燃放鞭炮以驱恶鬼、贺新年这一典型风俗就是一个例子。
【考点必记】
(1)be typical of...是……的典型/特点
it is typical of sb to do sth做某事是某人特有的做法
(2)typically adv.代表性地;典型地
[用法感知] I don't like the type of person.It is typical of her to complain about everything.
我不喜欢这种人。她一向对任何事都抱怨。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)It is typical of thousands of young teachers _______(quit) their jobs in search of more well-paid work.
(2)It’s about a Chinese romantic story,typical _______ Chinese culture.
(3)His day _______ (typical) begins with a call from some media house,asking for the latest photograph of the Hukou Waterfall.
【高考真题链接】
（2023·全国乙卷·选择题）
______ is typical of him to offer help to those in trouble without being asked.
This B. That C. It D. What
（2025·浙江卷·语法填空）
The painting, which is typical ______ the Tang Dynasty style, has attracted many visitors.
6.occasion n.特别的事情(或仪式、庆典);(适当的)机会
[教材原句] They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life,and forget about our work for a little while.(P5) 这些场合让我们放松和享受生活,暂时忘记工作。
【词块必记】
(1)on occasion(s)　　　　　　 有时；间或 on this/that occasion 这/那次；在这种/那种场合 on the occasion of ... 在……之际 have occasion to do sth. 有理由做某事；有机会做某事 (2)occasional adj. 偶尔的；偶然的 occasionally adv. 偶然地；有时
[名师点津]
occasion作定语从句的先行词时,如果表示时间,意为“时刻;机会”,关系副词在句中作时间状语用when;如果表示地点,意为“场合”,关系副词在句中作地点状语用where。
【即时练】(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It was really a wonderful occasion _______ not only gave us relaxation, but also got us closer to nature.
②I'd like to give my thanks to all of you _______ this special occasion.
③I go_______( occasion) when there's a game on near home, but usually I watch it on TV.
④He has been known _______ occasion to lose his temper.
⑤I have had no occasion _______ (visit) him recently.
⑥Have you ever met with the occasion_____________________
你曾遇到过被人误解的场合吗？
⑦It's a cheerful occasion _____________________.
我的生日来临的时候是个快乐的时刻。
【高考真题链接】
（2024·江苏卷·语法填空）
On the occasion ______ my grandmother's 80th birthday, all family members gathered to celebrate.
（2023·新高考I卷·选择题）
I still remember the occasion ______ I first met my best friend.
when B. where C. which D. that
7.represent vt.象征;代表;相当于；描绘
[教材原句] Naadam means “games” in Mongolian,and it is represented by three events: horse racing,wrestling,and archery,which are all so exciting to watch!(P8) 那达慕在蒙古语中是“游戏”的意思,它有三个项目:赛马、摔跤和射箭,这三个项目都很令人兴奋!
【词块必记】
(1)represent...as/to be...宣称……为……;把……描绘成……
represent sth to sb向某人说明某事;向某人传达某事
represent sb to do sth代表某人做某事
represent oneself as/to be...自称是……
(2)representative n.代表　adj.典型的;有代表性的
a representative of...……的典型代表
(3)representation n.表现;代表;代理
【即时练】(单句语法填空/完成句子)
(1)She represents her mother _______ the kindest mother in the world.
(2)He represented our school _______ (take) part in the competition and all of us were proud of him.
(3)Our student _______ (represent) are going to visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there.
④Yesterday, another student and I, _______ (represent)our university's student association, went to the airport to meet this year's international students.
⑤He represented _______ (he) to be a friend of my father's, but now we knew the truth.
⑥他自称是个专家，可是他一窍不通。
He ____________________________， but he knows nothing.
⑦Let me represent my ideas_______ you in an easy way.
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国I卷·语法填空）
The red color in Chinese culture often represents ______ (happy) and good luck.
（2023·天津卷·翻译）
这位年轻的学者代表学校参加了国际学术会议。
8.respect n. & vt.尊敬;尊重
[教材原句] It is a day for people in China to show respect to seniors.(P10)在中国,这是一个尊敬老人的日子。
【词块必记】
(1)respect...as...尊敬某人为……
respect sb for sth因某事而尊重某人
have/show respect for sb尊重某人
give/send one’s respects to sb向某人表示敬意
out of respect (for...)出于(对……的)尊敬
in all/many respects在各个方面/在许多方面
in respect of=with respect to关于;就……而言
(3)respectable adj.值得尊敬的
respectful adj.对人尊重的
respective adj.各自的
[名师点津]
respect表示“尊重;敬重”时为不可数名词;表示“细节;方面”时为可数名词;表示“敬意;问候”时,多用复数形式。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, ________ (respect) Flora's space.
②Old people deserve to be treated ________ respect.
③She has a healthy respect ________ her rival's talents.
④新教师必须要赢得学生的尊重。
New teachers have to ____________________ their students.
【高考真题链接】
（2024·全国甲卷·语法填空）
We should respect the elderly ______ their wisdom and life experience.
（2025·湖北卷·选择题）
The ______ professor has devoted his life to scientific research and is loved by all students.
respectful B. respectable C. respective D. respecting
9.dress (sb) up穿上盛裝;装扮
[教材原句] dress up in carnival costumes (P2) 穿上狂欢节的服装
归纳点拨 (1)dress sb.up/dress up sb. 　　打扮某人；为某人化妆 dress up sth./dress sth.up 掩盖某事；修饰/美化某物 (2)dress sb./oneself up as ...把某人/自己打扮成…… (3)be dressed in 穿着
【即时练】
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①_______ (dress) in a red coat, she looks more beautiful.
②I just love the fun of dressing ________ in another era's clothing.
③他不知道如何穿着得体。He has no idea of ______________________．
④They tried to dress him up_______ a “national hero”．
⑤她喜欢把自己打扮得漂漂亮亮的去参加晚会。She likes to______________ nicely for a party.
⑥试图掩盖事实是没有用的。It's no use trying to ______________.
【高考真题链接】
（2023·浙江卷·语法填空）
Children love to dress ______ as cartoon characters during the Halloween.
（2024·山东卷·翻译）
她穿着一件蓝色的连衣裙，看起来格外漂亮。
10.after all毕竟;别忘了
[教材原句] I think the Rio Carnival would be the most exciting.After all,as you know,I love to dance!(P3) 我认为里约狂欢节会是最令人兴奋的。毕竟,你知道我爱跳舞!
[用法感知]　(写出下列句中after all的含义)
①I think we should let her go there alone.After all, she is eighteen. She's not a child any longer.________
②I thought I was going to fail the exam, but I passed it after all.________
③It's not surprising you are tired.After all, you stayed up until three last night.________
[归纳点拨]
in all　　总共 at all 丝毫；根本 above all 最重要的是；尤其是 first of all 首先；第一 all in all 总而言之；总的来说
[名师点津]
after all置于句首,意为“别忘了”,常用来引出听话人似乎忘记了的某个重要论点或理由;置于句末,意为“毕竟,到底”,表示“虽然有前面说过的话”或“和预料中的情况相反”。
【即时练】　(选用上述短语填空)
④Why are you so anxious？________, it isn't your problem.
⑤They spent 500,000 yuan________ advertising their new products.
⑥In my opinion, you must be smart, confident, and ________, honest.
⑦He is honest. He doesn't like making up an excuse for his failure ________.
⑧________, the conference was a great success.
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国II卷·选择题）
______ , you are still a student and should focus on your studies first.
Above all B. After all C. In all D. All in all
（2024·浙江卷·语法填空）
I thought I would fail the exam, but I passed it ______ all.
11.set off出发；动身；启程；使爆炸；引起
[教材原句]On the first day, I set off to the games early with my friend Burin.(那达慕大会的)第一天，我和好友布林早早出发来到了会场。
[用法感知]　(写出下列句中set off的含义)
①Be careful that you don't set the fireworks off by mistake.________
②We set off at dawn so that we could get to the coast before lunch time.________
③That strike set off a series of strikes throughout the country.________
[归纳点拨]
set up　　　　　　　　 建立；创立 set out (to do) 开始(做) set aside 把……放在一边；留出；不理会 set down 写下；记下 set about doing 开始做
【即时练】　(单句语法填空)
④The moment she arrived home, she set out________(clean) the house.
⑤The child asked his father how he should set about ________ (do) the work.
【高考真题链接】
（2023·全国甲卷·选择题）
We need to ______ off early tomorrow morning to avoid the traffic jam.
set B. put C. take D. get
（2025·北京卷·语法填空）
The careless smoker set ______ a fire that destroyed the whole building.
12.with复合结构表示状态或背景，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语
[教材原句]Festivals are becoming more and more commercial，with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations.
节日正变得越来越商业化，商家会利用这些庆祝活动(进行促销)。
[归纳点拨]
句中的“with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations”为with复合结构作状语。with复合结构的常见构成如下： with＋宾语＋
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①With the homework ________ (finish), the boy went out to play.
②Don't stand ________ your hands in your pockets.
③That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones ________ (assist) the crews' efforts.
【单句表达】
④随着考试的临近，复习一下你的课堂笔记是个不错的主意。
________________， it's a good idea to review your class notes.
⑤天气若不很冷，我总开着窗户睡觉。
I sleep ______________________ unless it's really cold.
⑥I sensed that his dilemma gave way to trust in me, __________________ with determination and hope.
我感觉到他的窘境转化为对我的信任，他的眼里闪烁着决心和希望。
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）
With the problem ______ (solve), we all felt a sense of relief.
（2025·江苏卷·翻译）
那个小女孩手里拿着一朵花，向我们走来。
13.it is great fun doing/to do sth做某事非常有趣
[教材原句] It was great fun walking along the streets,enjoying the relaxing atmosphere!(P6) 沿街而行享受令人放松的氛围是很有趣的!
【词块必记】
It is no use doing sth.做某事没有用
It is no good/fun doing sth. 做某事没好处/没乐趣
It is a waste of time doing sth. 做某事浪费时间
【即时练】
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
(1)It is no fun _______ (walk) alone in the park.
(2)It is no use _______ (explain) the reason to him.
(3)It is no good _______ (quarrel) with him about it.
【高考真题链接】
（2023·浙江卷·语法填空）
It is no use ______ (complain) about the bad weather; we should find a way to deal with it.
（2025·全国I卷·翻译）
和家人一起在月光下赏月是一件非常有趣的事。
14.动词ing形式作定语
[教材原句] During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes.
在中国的中秋节，家家户户欢聚一堂，观赏明月，品尝美味的月饼。
[归纳点拨]
1．动名词作定语修饰名词，说明被修饰名词的某种性能或用途，在意义上相当于“名词＋for＋doing”。
2．现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可以表示所修饰词的性质或特征等。
3．单个的现在分词作定语，常放在被修饰词前作前置定语；现在分词短语作定语时常放在被修饰词后作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。　　
[名师点津]　现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
【即时练】(单句语法填空)
①It is also being used to help patients _______ (suffer) dementia, a serious illness of the mind.
②200 students from all grades were involved in this _______ (run) race.
③The most _______ (puzzle) thing is that our tone is too monotonous to present the character's inner heart fully.
④Spring Festival couplets use some positive words _______ (show) wishes for love, health, success and so on.
⑤I can't go with you, for I have a lot of work _______ (do)．
⑥Our school went on an _______ (organize) trip last week.
【高考真题链接】
（2024·全国乙卷·语法填空）
The girl ______ (stand) at the door is my cousin who just came back from abroad.
（2025·山东卷·选择题）
I bought a ______ pen yesterday, which is very convenient for taking notes.
writing B. written C. to write D. write
语法点
Grammar　动词-ing形式作定语和表语
语法点拨
动词-ing由“动词原形＋-ing”构成。动词-ing形式可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。
Ⅰ．动词-ing形式作定语
1．位置：单个动词-ing形式作定语，常放在被修饰词前作前置定语；动词-ing形式短语作定语，常放在被修饰词后作后置定语。
2．形式：动词-ing形式作定语(以do为例)有doing、形容词化的doing和being done三种形式。具体用法如下：
(1)doing作定语
①doing作定语，do与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示正在进行的或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的主动动作。例如：
boiling water开水
a barking dog狂吠的狗
a developing country一个发展中国家
Don’t wake up the sleeping child.
不要吵醒那个正在睡觉的孩子。
Phoebe received an e-mail the other day saying her uncle was coming to visit her.
菲比前几天收到一封电子邮件，说她叔叔要来看她。
②doing作定语，还可表示被修饰词的用途或属性，常在句中作前置定语。例如：
a fishing net(＝a net for fishing)渔网
a walking stick(＝a stick for walking)拐棍
a reading room(＝a room for reading)阅览室
a living room(＝a room for living)起居室，客厅
a writing desk(＝a desk for writing)书桌
She trained five times a week at her local swimming pool.
她每周在当地的游泳池训练五次。
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.
阅览室里任何人不得大声说话。
(2)形容词化的doing形式作定语，相当于形容词，表示中心词的性质，意为“令人……的”；形容词化的done形式作定语，常表示“感到……的”。试比较：
an exciting story令人兴奋的故事
an excited voice兴奋的声音
a puzzling question令人困惑的问题
a puzzled expression困惑的表情
(3)being done作定语
do与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示正在进行的被动动作。
The house being built here belongs to John.
这里正在建的那所房子是约翰的。
The meeting being held now is so important that no one is absent.
现在正在召开的会议很重要，所以没有人缺席。
3．扩展成句：动词-ing形式短语作后置定语时可以扩展成定语从句。
The man talking with our headmaster is Tom’s father.
(＝The man who is talking with our headmaster is Tom’s father.)
正和我们校长谈话的那个人是汤姆的父亲。
名师点津
1．表示感情的动词-ing形式作定语时，表示“令人……的”，此类动词-ed形式作定语时，表示“感到……的”。
2．动词-ing形式作定语如果与被修饰的词之间是被动关系，且强调动作正在进行就用动词-ing形式的被动式，即being done的形式。
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新课标I卷·语法填空）
The poster ______ (advertise) the school's Naadam Festival show attracted many students' attention.
（2025·浙江卷·选择题）
The lecture about traditional festivals was so ______ that many students stayed back to ask questions.
interesting B. interested C. being interested D. being interesting
（2023·全国甲卷·翻译）
正在广场上表演的舞龙节目是春节的传统活动之一。（用动词-ing作定语）
Ⅱ．动词-ing形式作表语
1．动词-ing形式作表语有时相当于名词，用于说明主语的内容，即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。
My favorite sport is swimming while my sister’s is playing tennis.
我最喜欢的运动是游泳，而我姐姐最喜欢的运动是打网球。
My full-time job is teaching English, which means I make a living by teaching.
我的全职工作是教英语，这意味着我以教书为生。
2．动词-ing形式作表语有时相当于形容词，用于说明主语的特征，意为“令人……的”；动词-ed形式作表语有时相当于形容词，表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”。
The news was so exciting that we were excited at the news.
这个消息太令人兴奋了，我们听到这个消息都很兴奋。
The snake looked quite frightening and the lady let out a cry of scream at the sight of it.
那条蛇看起来很吓人，那位女士一看到它就发出一声尖叫。
They are satisfied with their present job.
他们对现在的工作很满意。
【高考真题链接】
1.（2024·北京卷·语法填空）
One of the most meaningful things about festivals is ______ (share) happiness with family and friends.
2.（2025·全国I卷·选择题）
—How do you feel about the new festival celebration plan —It sounds ______. I can't wait to join in.
excited B. exciting C. being excited D. to be exciting
3.（2023·新高考II卷·翻译）
和家人一起贴春联（Spring Festival couplets）是很有趣的。（用-ing作表语）
单句语法填空
1. It was ______ (astonish) to everyone that the court had made such a decision.
2. By far, there are many problems ______ (remain) to be solved.
3. The woman ______ (look) at her map is a relative of my mothers.
4. Have you got some ______ (interest) storybooks for children
5. Give me the blue raincoat, please, the one ______ (hang) behind the door.
6. Our school went on an ______ (organize) trip last week.
7. I can’t go with you, for I have a lot of work ______ (do).
8. There’s a note pinned to the door ______ (say) when the shop will open again.
9. All customers ______ (travel) on Translink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding.
10. The language is almost intoxicating （令人陶醉的）, an ______ (age) write looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.
11. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be soften with an ______ (encourage) smile.
【用法强化】
单句语法填空：
①The ______ (burn) candles on the table created a warm atmosphere for the Mid-Autumn dinner.
②Do you know the student ______ (host) the festival party now
③The cultural relic ______ (show) in the museum now is from the Tang Dynasty.
④Her main job in the festival preparation is ______ (decorate) the classroom with red lanterns.
⑤ The children were ______ (amaze) at the amazing fireworks show on New Year's Eve.
句型转换：The boy who is wearing a traditional costume is my cousin.（用-ing作定语改写）
完成句子：这个关于张骞（Zhang Qian）的纪录片听起来很有启发性。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
新人教版必修第三册Unit 1知识清单
重 点 单 词 1.range n. 一系列;范围,界限　vi.包括;(在一定范围内)变化 2.figure n. 人物;数字;身材　vt. 认为;认定 3.gather vi. 聚集;集合　vt. 聚集;搜集;收割 4.feature vt. 以……为特色　n. 特色;特征;特点 5.fade vi.&vt. 逐渐消失;(使)褪色;(身体)变得虚弱 6.gratitude n. 感激之情;感谢 7.march vi.&n.行进;前进;示威游行 8.medium n. 媒介;手段;方法　adj. 中等的;中号的→(pl.) media 9.clap vt. 鼓掌;拍手;击掌　n. 鼓掌;拍手;掌声→clapped/clapped/clapping (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 10.inner adj. 内部的;里面的;内心的 11.fancy adj. 花哨的;精致的;昂贵的　vt. 想要;倾慕;自认为是 12.branch n. 树枝;分支;支流 13.moment n. 片刻;瞬间 14.harvest n. 收获季节;收获;收成　vi.&vt. 收割(庄稼);捕猎(动物、鱼) 15.envelope n. 信封;塑料封套 16.lunar adj. 阴历的;月球的;月亮的 17.eve n. 前夕;前一天 18.ceremony n. 典礼;仪式 19.wedding n. 婚礼;结婚庆典 20.pot n. 罐;壶;锅 21.region n. 地区;区域;地带 22.roast 　　 　adj. 烤的;焙的 vi.&vt. 烘烤;焙 23.carnival n. 狂欢节;嘉年华 24.church n. (基督教的)教堂;礼拜堂 25.crop n. 庄稼;作物;一季的收成 26.riddle n. 谜语;神秘事件 27.autonomous adj. 自治的;有自治权的 28.costume n. (某地或某历史时期的)服装;戏服 29.firecracker n. 鞭炮;爆竹 30.lantern n.灯笼;提灯 31.firework n. 烟火;烟花 (pl.) 烟花表演 32.tent n. 帐篷 33.eagle n. 雕;老鹰
词 汇 拓 展 1.respect n.&vt. 尊敬;尊重→respectful adj. 有礼貌的;尊重别人的→respected adj. 受人尊重的→respectable adj. 体面的;得体的;值得尊敬的 2.congratulate v. 向(某人)道贺;(因某事)为自己感到自豪→congratulation n. 祝贺;庆祝 3.occasion n. 特别的事情(或仪式、庆典);(适当的)机会→occasional adj. 偶尔的,偶然的→occasionally adv. 偶尔,有时 4.decorate vt. 装饰;装潢→decoration n.装饰;装饰品 5.reflect vt. 显示;反映;反射→reflection n. 映像;反映;反射 6.belief n. 信仰;信心;信任→believe v.相信→(反) disbelief n. 不相信;怀疑 7.significant adj. 有重大意义的;显著的→significance n.重要性;意义→significantly adv. 有重大意义地;显著地 8.joy n. 高兴;喜悦→joyful adj. 高兴的;快乐的 9.represent vt. 象征;代表;相当于→representation n.描绘;代表→representative n.代表;代表性人物　adj. 典型的;有代表性的 10.grace n. 优美;优雅;高雅→graceful adj. 优美的;高雅的→gracefully adv. 优美地;高雅地 11.brief adj. 简洁的;简单的;短暂的→briefly adv. 简洁地;简单地;短暂地 12.religion n. 宗教;宗教信仰→religious adj. 宗教的;笃信宗教的 13.origin n. 起源;起因;出身→original adj. 原来的;起初的→originally adv. 原来;起初 14.typical adj. 典型的;有代表性的;平常的→typically adv. 典型地;代表性地 15.absolutely adv. 绝对地;完全地→absolute adj. 绝对的;完全的 16.horrible adj. 令人震惊的;恐怖的;极坏的→horribly adv. 令人震惊地;恐怖地;极坏地→horror n.震惊;恐惧 17.faith n. 宗教信仰;信任;相信→faithful adj. 忠实的;守信的→faithfully adv. 忠实地 18.charm n. 魅力;迷人的特征;咒语→charming adj. 迷人的;吸引人的 19.pleased adj. 高兴的;满意的→please vt.使愉快;使满意→pleasing adj. 令人愉快的→pleasant adj. 令人愉快的;宜人的→pleasure n.愉快;高兴;乐事 20.frank adj. 坦率的;直率的→frankly adv. 坦率地;直率地 21.agricultural adj. 农业(劳动/生产)→agriculture n. 农业;农艺 22.commercial adj. 商业(化)的;以获利为目的的→commercialise vt. 使商业化;利用……牟利→commercialisation n. 商业化 23.wrestling n. 摔跤运动→wrestle vi.&vt. 摔跤;奋力对付→wrestler n. 摔跤运动员
重 点 短 语 1．dress (sb.) up穿上盛装；装扮 2．after all毕竟；别忘了 3．range from...to...包括从……到……之间 4．fade away逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱 5．in spite of不管；尽管 6．take advantage of利用；欺骗；占……的便宜 7．have sth.in common(兴趣、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征 8．to be frank坦白说；坦率地说 9．go off爆炸；走火；离开 10．except for除……之外 11．set off出发；动身；启程
重 点 句 型 1．However，no matter how different they may seem，all over the world，the spirit of sharing joy，gratitude，love，or peace is common in all festivals. 然而，不论它们看起来多么不同，世界各地分享快乐、感恩、爱或者和平的精神在所有的节日中是一样的。 2．Festivals are becoming more and more commercial，with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. 因为商家利用庆祝活动，所以节日变得越来越商业化。 3．Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. 网上的购物网站和社交媒体的应用程序使人们更加容易地花更多的钱为他们所爱的人购买礼物。 4．I heard it is because children are lighter and the horses can run faster and farther. 我听说那是因为孩子们比较轻，马可以跑得更快更远。 5．I’m finally back home now，feeling really tired，but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. 现在我终于回到家了，感到十分疲倦，但是和我的朋友一起欢度“那达慕”大会是完全值得的。
课文语法填空
Today’s festivals have 　1　 wide range of origins, 　2　(include) the seasons of the year, famous figures, important events, and religions. All festivals have the spirit of 　3　(share) joy, gratitude, love, or peace in common.
The harvest festival is one of the 　4　(much) popular festivals and is celebrated in many cultures. In China, families gather 　5　(admire) the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes during the Mid-Autumn Festival. Customs play a significant role in festivals, 　6　 they can change over time. For example, some Chinese cities no longer allow firecrackers during the Spring Festival, as they can increase air 　7　(pollute). However, these days, festivals 　8　(become) more and more commercial, with people 　9　(spend) more money on gifts, which results in different opinions.
Festivals are an important part of society. They reflect people’s wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes towards life. They are 　10　(occasion) that allow us to relax and enjoy life.
1. a 2. including 3. sharing 4. most 5. to admire 6. but 7. pollution 8. are becoming 9. spending 10. occasions
知识点
1.congratulation n.祝贺;恭喜
[教材原句] receive congratulations from...(P2) 收到……的祝贺
【考点必记】
(1)offer/send one’s congratulations to sb向某人致以祝贺
make congratulations to sb on sth祝贺某人某事
a letter of congratulation祝贺信
(2)congratulate vt.祝贺
congratulate sb on (doing) sth就(做)某事祝贺某人
[名师点津]
(1)congratulation用作祝贺语时,通常用复数形式;作为“祝贺”这一抽象意义时,通常用单数形式。(2)congratulate后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句。
【即时练】[单句语法填空]
(1)The two sportsmen congratulated each other _______winning the match by shaking hands.
(2)You can congratulate_______ (you) on having done a good job.
③I sincerely express my _______ (congratulate) on your graduating from Beijing University.
④_______ (congratulate)on your happy marriage!
[小情境写作]
(5)我谨对你获得英语演讲比赛一等奖向你表示祝贺。
I would like to _____________________________________ of the English speech contest.
【即时练】答案: (1)on (2) yourself ③congratulations ④ Congratulations (5)express my congratulations to you on your winning first prize
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新课标I卷·语法填空）
When my sister won the national English competition, all our relatives offered their ______ (congratulate) to her warmly.
答案：congratulations
解析：此处表“祝贺语”，为固定用法，congratulation需用复数形式；搭配offer one's congratulations to sb符合考点。
（2025·浙江卷·翻译）
我们应该祝贺李华在数学建模比赛中获得金奖。
答案：We should congratulate Li Hua on winning the gold medal in the mathematical modeling competition.
解析：考查congratulate sb on doing sth结构，“获得金奖”译为winning the gold medal，贴合“就做某事祝贺某人”的考点。
2.range n. 一系列;范围、界限　vi.包括;(在一定范围内)变化
[教材原句] They have a wide range of origins,such as the seasons of the year,religions,famous figures,and important events.(P4) 节日的由来五花八门,比如时节、宗教、著名人物及重要事件。
【词块必记】
(1)a full/wide range of ...　 一系列……；各种各样的…… in/within the range of ... 在射程以内；在……范围内 out of range 在……范围外 beyond one's range 某人能力达不到的 (2)range from ... to ... 包括从……到……之间 range between ... and ... 在……和……范围内变动
【即时练】(单句语法填空)
①There will be an increase in ________ range of 0 to 3 per cent.
②Wang Yuanyuan, the scenic area's brand manager, said the ages of its visitors range ________ 20 to 45, and most of them are parents with children.
③This car is ________ the range of most people's pockets; we can't afford it either.
④She puts the picture ________the baby's range of vision.
⑤In any given office, employees can range from age 22________ 70.
⑥Prices of these toys range________$7 and $10.
⑦The team will hold________ range of activities, including some training and matches.
【即时练】答案:①the　②from　③beyond ④within/in ⑤to ⑥ between ⑦ a
【高考真题链接】
（2023·全国甲卷·选择题）
The prices of the handcrafted products ______ from 50 yuan to 500 yuan, meeting different customers' needs.
A. rise B. range C. reach D. rank
答案：B
解析：考查range from...to...固定搭配，表“价格从……到……变化”，符合vi.的用法；其他选项无此搭配。
（2025·全国II卷·语法填空）
The museum displays a wide ______ (range) of cultural relics, from ancient pottery to modern paintings.
答案：range
解析：考查名词搭配a wide range of，表“一系列的”，为range的核心名词考点。
3.figure n．人物；数字；身材；画像；雕像vt.认为；认定；计算；描绘
[教材原句] They have a wide range of origins,such as the seasons of the year,religions,famous figures,and important events.(P4) 节日的由来五花八门,比如时节、宗教、著名人物及重要事件。
[用法感知]　(写出下列句中figure的含义)
①Can you read this figure Is it a three or an eight？_______
②The medical scientist, is a leading figure in the battles against SARS in 2003 and COVID-19 in 2020._______
③This is the figure of Lu Xun, painted by himself._______
④They figured it was better to stay where they were._______
归纳点拨 (1)figure out　　　　　计算出；解决；理解；弄清楚 figure in 把……包括在内/计算在内 (2)keep one's figure 保持身材
【即时练】[小话题写作]
(5)说到中国著名的历史人物,我非常钦佩张骞。
_____________________ in Chinese history,I admire Zhang Qian very much.
⑥If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you _____________________.
如果你不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与其他人探讨，直到你把它弄清楚。
⑦I'm dieting to ________________.
我正在节食以保持身材。
[用法感知]答案:1.数字2.人物3.画像4.认为
【即时练】答案:5.When it comes to famous figures 6.figure it out 7. keep my figure
【高考真题链接】
（2024·北京卷·选择题）
It took me a long time to ______ out how to operate the new software.
make B. figure C. work D. carry
答案：B
解析：考查固定短语figure out，表“弄清楚”，为高频考点；work out虽有相近含义，但本题语境更侧重“摸索过程”，figure out更贴切。
（2023·新高考II卷·语法填空）
The ancient painting depicts a famous historical ______ (figure) who made great contributions to water conservancy.
答案：figure
解析：此处表“历史人物”，为figure的核心名词含义，符合“famous figures”的教材考点延伸。
4..significant adj.有重大意义的;显著的
[教材原句] Customs play a significant role in festivals,but sometimes they can change over time.(P4) 风俗习惯在节日中起着重要的作用,但有时会随着时间的推移而变化。
【词块必记】
(1)It is significant that ... ＝significantly　　很明显……；重要的是…… (2)significance n. 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义 the significance of ... ……的重要性/意义 be of (great/no/little) significance to ... 对……(很/不)重要 attach (great) significance to ... 认为……(很)重要 (3)significantly adv. 显著地；明显地；有重大意义地
【即时练】　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
(1)儒家传统特别重视教育,部分原因是它证明了改变生活的潜力。
Confucian traditions _____________________,in part because it has proved life-changing potential.
(2)我们应该牢记合作对社会和我们自己都非常重要。
We should bear in mind that _____________________ both our society and ourselves.
③Your success today may be _______ (significance) to your whole future.
④The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and _______(significant) improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
⑤This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries special _______ (significant)．
【即时练】答案:1.attach particular significance to education 2.teamwork is of great significance to 3.significant 4.significantly 5.significance
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）
The discovery of the new energy source is ______ (significant) for solving the global energy crisis. 答案：significant
解析：考查形容词作表语，be significant for表“对……有意义”，为核心考点。
（2025·天津卷·翻译）
父母和老师都非常重视青少年的心理健康。
答案：Both parents and teachers attach great significance to the mental health of teenagers.
解析：考查attach significance to短语，“非常重视”译为attach great significance to，符合n.形式考点。
5.typical adj.典型的;有代表性的;平常的
[教材原句] One example is the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits and celebrate the new year.(P4) 中国春节燃放鞭炮以驱恶鬼、贺新年这一典型风俗就是一个例子。
【考点必记】
(1)be typical of...是……的典型/特点
it is typical of sb to do sth做某事是某人特有的做法
(2)typically adv.代表性地;典型地
[用法感知] I don't like the type of person.It is typical of her to complain about everything.
我不喜欢这种人。她一向对任何事都抱怨。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)It is typical of thousands of young teachers _______(quit) their jobs in search of more well-paid work.
(2)It’s about a Chinese romantic story,typical _______ Chinese culture.
(3)His day _______ (typical) begins with a call from some media house,asking for the latest photograph of the Hukou Waterfall.
【即时练】答案:1.to quit 2.of 3.typically
【高考真题链接】
（2023·全国乙卷·选择题）
______ is typical of him to offer help to those in trouble without being asked.
This B. That C. It D. What
答案：C
解析：考查It is typical of sb to do sth的固定句型，it为形式主语，真正主语是不定式短语，为核心考点。
（2025·浙江卷·语法填空）
The painting, which is typical ______ the Tang Dynasty style, has attracted many visitors.
答案：of
解析：考查be typical of短语，表“是……的典型”，贴合教材考点。
6.occasion n.特别的事情(或仪式、庆典);(适当的)机会
[教材原句] They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life,and forget about our work for a little while.(P5) 这些场合让我们放松和享受生活,暂时忘记工作。
【词块必记】
(1)on occasion(s)　　　　　　 有时；间或 on this/that occasion 这/那次；在这种/那种场合 on the occasion of ... 在……之际 have occasion to do sth. 有理由做某事；有机会做某事 (2)occasional adj. 偶尔的；偶然的 occasionally adv. 偶然地；有时
[名师点津]
occasion作定语从句的先行词时,如果表示时间,意为“时刻;机会”,关系副词在句中作时间状语用when;如果表示地点,意为“场合”,关系副词在句中作地点状语用where。
【即时练】(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It was really a wonderful occasion _______ not only gave us relaxation, but also got us closer to nature.
②I'd like to give my thanks to all of you _______ this special occasion.
③I go_______( occasion) when there's a game on near home, but usually I watch it on TV.
④He has been known _______ occasion to lose his temper.
⑤I have had no occasion _______ (visit) him recently.
⑥Have you ever met with the occasion_____________________
你曾遇到过被人误解的场合吗？
⑦It's a cheerful occasion _____________________.
我的生日来临的时候是个快乐的时刻。
【即时练】答案:1.which 2. on 3.occasionally 4.on 5.to visit 6.where you are mistaken 7.when my birthday arrives
【高考真题链接】
（2024·江苏卷·语法填空）
On the occasion ______ my grandmother's 80th birthday, all family members gathered to celebrate. 答案：of
解析：考查on the occasion of短语，表“在……之际”，为固定搭配考点。
（2023·新高考I卷·选择题）
I still remember the occasion ______ I first met my best friend.
when B. where C. which D. that
答案：A
解析：occasion此处表“时刻”，定语从句中缺时间状语，故用when引导，符合“先行词表时间用when”的考点。
7.represent vt.象征;代表;相当于；描绘
[教材原句] Naadam means “games” in Mongolian,and it is represented by three events: horse racing,wrestling,and archery,which are all so exciting to watch!(P8) 那达慕在蒙古语中是“游戏”的意思,它有三个项目:赛马、摔跤和射箭,这三个项目都很令人兴奋!
【词块必记】
(1)represent...as/to be...宣称……为……;把……描绘成……
represent sth to sb向某人说明某事;向某人传达某事
represent sb to do sth代表某人做某事
represent oneself as/to be...自称是……
(2)representative n.代表　adj.典型的;有代表性的
a representative of...……的典型代表
(3)representation n.表现;代表;代理
【即时练】(单句语法填空/完成句子)
(1)She represents her mother _______ the kindest mother in the world.
(2)He represented our school _______ (take) part in the competition and all of us were proud of him.
(3)Our student _______ (represent) are going to visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there.
④Yesterday, another student and I, _______ (represent)our university's student association, went to the airport to meet this year's international students.
⑤He represented _______ (he) to be a friend of my father's, but now we knew the truth.
⑥他自称是个专家，可是他一窍不通。
He ____________________________， but he knows nothing.
⑦Let me represent my ideas_______ you in an easy way.
【即时练】答案：1.as/to be 2.to take 3.representatives 4.representing 5. himself ⑥represents himself as an expert ⑦ to
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国I卷·语法填空）
The red color in Chinese culture often represents ______ (happy) and good luck.
答案：happiness
解析：represent后接名词作宾语，happy转换为happiness，符合“及物动词接宾语”的考点。
（2023·天津卷·翻译）
这位年轻的学者代表学校参加了国际学术会议。
答案：This young scholar represented the school to attend the international academic conference. 解析：考查represent sb to do sth结构，表“代表某人做某事”，贴合考点。
8.respect n. & vt.尊敬;尊重
[教材原句] It is a day for people in China to show respect to seniors.(P10)在中国,这是一个尊敬老人的日子。
【词块必记】
(1)respect...as...尊敬某人为……
respect sb for sth因某事而尊重某人
have/show respect for sb尊重某人
give/send one’s respects to sb向某人表示敬意
out of respect (for...)出于(对……的)尊敬
in all/many respects在各个方面/在许多方面
in respect of=with respect to关于;就……而言
(3)respectable adj.值得尊敬的
respectful adj.对人尊重的
respective adj.各自的
[名师点津]
respect表示“尊重;敬重”时为不可数名词;表示“细节;方面”时为可数名词;表示“敬意;问候”时,多用复数形式。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, ________ (respect) Flora's space.
②Old people deserve to be treated ________ respect.
③She has a healthy respect ________ her rival's talents.
④新教师必须要赢得学生的尊重。
New teachers have to ____________________ their students.
【即时练】答案：①respected　②with　③for ④earn/gain the respect of
【高考真题链接】
（2024·全国甲卷·语法填空）
We should respect the elderly ______ their wisdom and life experience.
答案：for
解析：考查respect sb for sth结构，表“因某事尊重某人”，为核心动词搭配考点。
（2025·湖北卷·选择题）
The ______ professor has devoted his life to scientific research and is loved by all students.
respectful B. respectable C. respective D. respecting
答案：B
解析：考查派生词辨析，respectable表“值得尊敬的”，修饰professor；respectful表“恭敬的”，respective表“各自的”，均不符合语境。
9.dress (sb) up穿上盛裝;装扮
[教材原句] dress up in carnival costumes (P2) 穿上狂欢节的服装
归纳点拨 (1)dress sb.up/dress up sb. 　　打扮某人；为某人化妆 dress up sth./dress sth.up 掩盖某事；修饰/美化某物 (2)dress sb./oneself up as ...把某人/自己打扮成…… (3)be dressed in 穿着
【即时练】
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①_______ (dress) in a red coat, she looks more beautiful.
②I just love the fun of dressing ________ in another era's clothing.
③他不知道如何穿着得体。He has no idea of ______________________．
④They tried to dress him up_______ a “national hero”．
⑤她喜欢把自己打扮得漂漂亮亮的去参加晚会。She likes to______________ nicely for a party.
⑥试图掩盖事实是没有用的。It's no use trying to ______________.
答案：①Dressed　②up ③how to dress well 4. as 5. dress herself up 6.dress up the facts
【高考真题链接】
（2023·浙江卷·语法填空）
Children love to dress ______ as cartoon characters during the Halloween.
答案：up
解析：考查dress up as短语，表“装扮成……”，为核心搭配考点。
（2024·山东卷·翻译）
她穿着一件蓝色的连衣裙，看起来格外漂亮。
答案：Dressed in a blue dress, she looks particularly beautiful.
解析：考查be dressed in的独立主格结构，此处用过去分词短语作状语，表“穿着……的状态”。
10.after all毕竟;别忘了
[教材原句] I think the Rio Carnival would be the most exciting.After all,as you know,I love to dance!(P3) 我认为里约狂欢节会是最令人兴奋的。毕竟,你知道我爱跳舞!
[用法感知]　(写出下列句中after all的含义)
①I think we should let her go there alone.After all, she is eighteen. She's not a child any longer.________
②I thought I was going to fail the exam, but I passed it after all.________
③It's not surprising you are tired.After all, you stayed up until three last night.________
[归纳点拨]
in all　　总共 at all 丝毫；根本 above all 最重要的是；尤其是 first of all 首先；第一 all in all 总而言之；总的来说
[名师点津]
after all置于句首,意为“别忘了”,常用来引出听话人似乎忘记了的某个重要论点或理由;置于句末,意为“毕竟,到底”,表示“虽然有前面说过的话”或“和预料中的情况相反”。
【即时练】　(选用上述短语填空)
④Why are you so anxious？________, it isn't your problem.
⑤They spent 500,000 yuan________ advertising their new products.
⑥In my opinion, you must be smart, confident, and ________, honest.
⑦He is honest. He doesn't like making up an excuse for his failure ________.
⑧________, the conference was a great success.
[用法感知]答案：1.毕竟 2.终究 3..别忘了
【即时练】4.After all 5. in all 6.above all 7.at all 8.All in all
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国II卷·选择题）
______ , you are still a student and should focus on your studies first.
Above all B. After all C. In all D. All in all
答案：B
解析：句首表“别忘了”，提醒对方身份，after all符合语境；above all表“最重要的是”，侧重强调优先级，不符合此处语气。
（2024·浙江卷·语法填空）
I thought I would fail the exam, but I passed it ______ all.
答案：after
解析：句末表“毕竟；终究”，符合“与预料相反”的语境，after all为固定短语。
11.set off出发；动身；启程；使爆炸；引起
[教材原句]On the first day, I set off to the games early with my friend Burin.(那达慕大会的)第一天，我和好友布林早早出发来到了会场。
[用法感知]　(写出下列句中set off的含义)
①Be careful that you don't set the fireworks off by mistake.________
②We set off at dawn so that we could get to the coast before lunch time.________
③That strike set off a series of strikes throughout the country.________
[归纳点拨]
set up　　　　　　　　 建立；创立 set out (to do) 开始(做) set aside 把……放在一边；留出；不理会 set down 写下；记下 set about doing 开始做
【即时练】　(单句语法填空)
④The moment she arrived home, she set out________(clean) the house.
⑤The child asked his father how he should set about ________ (do) the work.
答案：1.使爆炸 2.出发；动身 3.引起 4.to clean 5. doing
【高考真题链接】
（2023·全国甲卷·选择题）
We need to ______ off early tomorrow morning to avoid the traffic jam.
set B. put C. take D. get
答案：A
解析：考查set off表“出发”的含义，为核心考点；其他选项无此搭配。
（2025·北京卷·语法填空）
The careless smoker set ______ a fire that destroyed the whole building.
答案：off
解析：考查set off表“使爆炸；引起”的含义，此处指引发火灾，符合延伸考点。
12.with复合结构表示状态或背景，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语
[教材原句]Festivals are becoming more and more commercial，with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations.
节日正变得越来越商业化，商家会利用这些庆祝活动(进行促销)。
[归纳点拨]
句中的“with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations”为with复合结构作状语。with复合结构的常见构成如下： with＋宾语＋
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①With the homework ________ (finish), the boy went out to play.
②Don't stand ________ your hands in your pockets.
③That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones ________ (assist) the crews' efforts.
【单句表达】
④随着考试的临近，复习一下你的课堂笔记是个不错的主意。
________________， it's a good idea to review your class notes.
⑤天气若不很冷，我总开着窗户睡觉。
I sleep ______________________ unless it's really cold.
⑥I sensed that his dilemma gave way to trust in me, __________________ with determination and hope.
我感觉到他的窘境转化为对我的信任，他的眼里闪烁着决心和希望。
答案: ①finished　②with　③assisting ④With exams approaching　⑤with the window open ⑥with his eyes twinkling
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）
With the problem ______ (solve), we all felt a sense of relief.
答案：solved
解析：with复合结构中，problem与solve为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补，为核心考点。
（2025·江苏卷·翻译）
那个小女孩手里拿着一朵花，向我们走来。
答案：The little girl came towards us with a flower in her hand.
解析：考查with + 宾语 + 介词短语的结构，作伴随状语，贴合教材考点。
13.it is great fun doing/to do sth做某事非常有趣
[教材原句] It was great fun walking along the streets,enjoying the relaxing atmosphere!(P6) 沿街而行享受令人放松的氛围是很有趣的!
【词块必记】
It is no use doing sth.做某事没有用
It is no good/fun doing sth. 做某事没好处/没乐趣
It is a waste of time doing sth. 做某事浪费时间
【即时练】
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
(1)It is no fun _______ (walk) alone in the park.
(2)It is no use _______ (explain) the reason to him.
(3)It is no good _______ (quarrel) with him about it.
答案: 1. walking 2.explaining 3.quarre(l)ling
【高考真题链接】
（2023·浙江卷·语法填空）
It is no use ______ (complain) about the bad weather; we should find a way to deal with it.
答案：complaining
解析：考查It is no use doing sth句型，为核心考点。
（2025·全国I卷·翻译）
和家人一起在月光下赏月是一件非常有趣的事。
答案：It is great fun to admire the moon with family members under the moonlight.
解析：考查It is great fun to do sth句型，此处用不定式更侧重具体动作，符合语境。
14.动词ing形式作定语
[教材原句] During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes.
在中国的中秋节，家家户户欢聚一堂，观赏明月，品尝美味的月饼。
[归纳点拨]
1．动名词作定语修饰名词，说明被修饰名词的某种性能或用途，在意义上相当于“名词＋for＋doing”。
2．现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可以表示所修饰词的性质或特征等。
3．单个的现在分词作定语，常放在被修饰词前作前置定语；现在分词短语作定语时常放在被修饰词后作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。　　
[名师点津]　现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
【即时练】(单句语法填空)
①It is also being used to help patients _______ (suffer) dementia, a serious illness of the mind.
②200 students from all grades were involved in this _______ (run) race.
③The most _______ (puzzle) thing is that our tone is too monotonous to present the character's inner heart fully.
④Spring Festival couplets use some positive words _______ (show) wishes for love, health, success and so on.
⑤I can't go with you, for I have a lot of work _______ (do)．
⑥Our school went on an _______ (organize) trip last week.
【即时练】答案: 1.suffering 2.running 3.puzzling 4.showing 5. to do 6.organized
【高考真题链接】
（2024·全国乙卷·语法填空）
The girl ______ (stand) at the door is my cousin who just came back from abroad.
答案：standing
解析：现在分词短语作后置定语，girl与stand为主动关系，表“正站在门口的女孩”，为核心考点。
（2025·山东卷·选择题）
I bought a ______ pen yesterday, which is very convenient for taking notes.
writing B. written C. to write D. write
答案：A
解析：动名词作定语，表用途“用来写字的笔”，相当于a pen for writing，符合动名词考点。
语法点
Grammar　动词-ing形式作定语和表语
语法点拨
动词-ing由“动词原形＋-ing”构成。动词-ing形式可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。
Ⅰ．动词-ing形式作定语
1．位置：单个动词-ing形式作定语，常放在被修饰词前作前置定语；动词-ing形式短语作定语，常放在被修饰词后作后置定语。
2．形式：动词-ing形式作定语(以do为例)有doing、形容词化的doing和being done三种形式。具体用法如下：
(1)doing作定语
①doing作定语，do与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示正在进行的或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的主动动作。例如：
boiling water开水
a barking dog狂吠的狗
a developing country一个发展中国家
Don’t wake up the sleeping child.
不要吵醒那个正在睡觉的孩子。
Phoebe received an e-mail the other day saying her uncle was coming to visit her.
菲比前几天收到一封电子邮件，说她叔叔要来看她。
②doing作定语，还可表示被修饰词的用途或属性，常在句中作前置定语。例如：
a fishing net(＝a net for fishing)渔网
a walking stick(＝a stick for walking)拐棍
a reading room(＝a room for reading)阅览室
a living room(＝a room for living)起居室，客厅
a writing desk(＝a desk for writing)书桌
She trained five times a week at her local swimming pool.
她每周在当地的游泳池训练五次。
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.
阅览室里任何人不得大声说话。
(2)形容词化的doing形式作定语，相当于形容词，表示中心词的性质，意为“令人……的”；形容词化的done形式作定语，常表示“感到……的”。试比较：
an exciting story令人兴奋的故事
an excited voice兴奋的声音
a puzzling question令人困惑的问题
a puzzled expression困惑的表情
(3)being done作定语
do与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示正在进行的被动动作。
The house being built here belongs to John.
这里正在建的那所房子是约翰的。
The meeting being held now is so important that no one is absent.
现在正在召开的会议很重要，所以没有人缺席。
3．扩展成句：动词-ing形式短语作后置定语时可以扩展成定语从句。
The man talking with our headmaster is Tom’s father.
(＝The man who is talking with our headmaster is Tom’s father.)
正和我们校长谈话的那个人是汤姆的父亲。
名师点津
1．表示感情的动词-ing形式作定语时，表示“令人……的”，此类动词-ed形式作定语时，表示“感到……的”。
2．动词-ing形式作定语如果与被修饰的词之间是被动关系，且强调动作正在进行就用动词-ing形式的被动式，即being done的形式。
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新课标I卷·语法填空）
The poster ______ (advertise) the school's Naadam Festival show attracted many students' attention.
答案：advertising
解析：考查doing作后置定语，poster与advertise是主动关系，表“宣传那达慕节演出的海报”，符合“主谓关系+后置”考点；结合U1节日主题，体现语法在语篇中的运用。
（2025·浙江卷·选择题）
The lecture about traditional festivals was so ______ that many students stayed back to ask questions.
interesting B. interested C. being interested D. being interesting
答案：A
解析：考查形容词化-ing作表语，此处表“讲座的特征（令人感兴趣的）”，-ed形式表“人的感受”，排除B；being done形式不用于表“属性”，故选A，呼应“-ing表事物特征”考点。
（2023·全国甲卷·翻译）
正在广场上表演的舞龙节目是春节的传统活动之一。（用动词-ing作定语）
答案：The dragon dance being performed on the square is one of the traditional Spring Festival activities.
解析：考查being done作后置定语，dragon dance与perform是被动关系，且表“正在进行”，符合“被动进行+后置”考点，贴合U1春节习俗主题。
Ⅱ．动词-ing形式作表语
1．动词-ing形式作表语有时相当于名词，用于说明主语的内容，即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。
My favorite sport is swimming while my sister’s is playing tennis.
我最喜欢的运动是游泳，而我姐姐最喜欢的运动是打网球。
My full-time job is teaching English, which means I make a living by teaching.
我的全职工作是教英语，这意味着我以教书为生。
2．动词-ing形式作表语有时相当于形容词，用于说明主语的特征，意为“令人……的”；动词-ed形式作表语有时相当于形容词，表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”。
The news was so exciting that we were excited at the news.
这个消息太令人兴奋了，我们听到这个消息都很兴奋。
The snake looked quite frightening and the lady let out a cry of scream at the sight of it.
那条蛇看起来很吓人，那位女士一看到它就发出一声尖叫。
They are satisfied with their present job.
他们对现在的工作很满意。
【高考真题链接】
1.（2024·北京卷·语法填空）
One of the most meaningful things about festivals is ______ (share) happiness with family and friends.
答案：sharing
解析：考查-ing作表语表“主语内容”，主语“节日最有意义的事”与表语“和亲友分享快乐”可互换，符合“内容对等”考点。
2.（2025·全国I卷·选择题）
—How do you feel about the new festival celebration plan —It sounds ______. I can't wait to join in.
excited B. exciting C. being excited D. to be exciting
答案：B
解析：考查-ing作表语表“主语特征”，sound是系动词，后接形容词描述plan的特征“令人兴奋的”；A项修饰人，故选B，贴合高考“语用情境”命题趋势。
3.（2023·新高考II卷·翻译）
和家人一起贴春联（Spring Festival couplets）是很有趣的。（用-ing作表语）
答案：Sticking Spring Festival couplets with family is great fun.
解析：考查-ing作主语时的对应用法，此处sticking...作主语，逻辑上与“表语内容”一致，延伸考点“it is great fun doing”可改写为It is great fun sticking...
单句语法填空
1. It was ______ (astonish) to everyone that the court had made such a decision.
2. By far, there are many problems ______ (remain) to be solved.
3. The woman ______ (look) at her map is a relative of my mothers.
4. Have you got some ______ (interest) storybooks for children
5. Give me the blue raincoat, please, the one ______ (hang) behind the door.
6. Our school went on an ______ (organize) trip last week.
7. I can’t go with you, for I have a lot of work ______ (do).
8. There’s a note pinned to the door ______ (say) when the shop will open again.
9. All customers ______ (travel) on Translink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding.
10. The language is almost intoxicating （令人陶醉的）, an ______ (age) write looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.
11. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be soften with an ______ (encourage) smile.
1 astonishing 2 remaining 3 looking 4 interesting 5 hanging 6 organized 7 to do 8 saying 9 travelling 10 aging 11 encouraging
【用法强化】
单句语法填空：
①The ______ (burn) candles on the table created a warm atmosphere for the Mid-Autumn dinner.
答案：burning
解析：doing作前置定语，candles与burn是主动关系，表“正在燃烧的”。
②Do you know the student ______ (host) the festival party now
答案：hosting
解析：doing作后置定语，student与host是主动关系，表“正在主持节日派对的”。
③The cultural relic ______ (show) in the museum now is from the Tang Dynasty.
答案：being shown
解析：being done作后置定语，relic与show是被动关系，表“正在被展出的”。
④Her main job in the festival preparation is ______ (decorate) the classroom with red lanterns. 答案：decorating
解析：-ing作表语表“工作内容”，与主语可互换。
⑤ The children were ______ (amaze) at the amazing fireworks show on New Year's Eve.
答案：amazed
解析：-ed形式表“孩子感到惊讶的”，与前面“令人惊讶的烟花秀”（amazing）形成对比。
句型转换：The boy who is wearing a traditional costume is my cousin.（用-ing作定语改写）
答案：The boy wearing a traditional costume is my cousin.
解析：将定语从句简化为doing后置定语，保留“主动进行”含义。
完成句子：这个关于张骞（Zhang Qian）的纪录片听起来很有启发性。
答案：The documentary about Zhang Qian sounds very inspiring.
解析：-ing作表语描述纪录片的特征“令人启发的”，关联U1“著名人物”考点。
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