资源简介

第一讲　三大从句
定语从句
　　在复合句中,修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词又分为关系代词和关系副词。
考点一　关系代词引导的定语从句
(一)关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 先行词 在从句中所充当的成分
that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语
which 物 主语、宾语、表语
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人/物 定语
as 物 主语、宾语、表语
What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters 　　　　　　　 took ages to be delivered (外研必一U4)
如果唯有通过写信和漫长的等待才能得知远方朋友的消息,你会怎样
The digital age also enables us to find people 　　　　　　share our interests,such as collecting model cars or playing an unusual instrument.(外研必一U4)
数字时代还帮我们能够找到志趣相投的人,例如收集汽车模型或演奏一种不寻常的乐器。
Mr.Smith is the person (　　　　　　) I am working with.
史密斯先生是和我一起工作的人。
It looks as if it is going to rain.I need to rush to the classrooms 　　　　　　　　windows are open.(译林选四U2)
看起来好像要下雨了。我得赶紧去那些窗户开着的教室。
(二)关系代词的用法区别
1.that和which的区别
只用that 的情况 先行词是all、everything、anything、nothing、something、little、much、none、few、the one等不定代词时。(如先行词指人,可用who代替that)
先行词被the only、the very (正是、恰是)、the last等修饰时。(如先行词指人,可用who代替that)
先行词被all、any、few、every、no、little、much、some等词修饰时。(如先行词指人,可用who代替that)
先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时
先行词中既有人也有物时
只用which 的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时
关系代词前有介词时
The second book 　　　　　　the writer wrote was popular with young people.
那个作家写的第二本书很受年轻人的喜欢。
These works of literature are the very ones 　　　　　　should be read.
这些文学作品正是人们所需要读的。
The International Day of Families,　　　　 was set by the United Nations in 1993,is held on 15 May every year.(外研必一U3)
国际家庭日由联合国于1993年设立,每年的5月15日为国际家庭日。
Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increase the areas in 　　　　　they could grow rice.(外研必一U6)
开垦梯田意味着他们可以扩大水稻的种植面积。
2.which与as引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
which as
位置上 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活,可位于句首、句中,也可置于句末
搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词,如see、hear、know、expect、remember等
意思上 这一点,这件事 正如……,正像……的那样
　　　　　　 people say,“It takes a village to raise a child.”(外研选四U4)
正如人们所说:“养育一个孩子需要整个村庄的力量。”
New students need to learn about the school rules,　　　　　　 is common practice in many places.(译林选四U2)
新生需要了解校规,这在许多地方是很常见的做法。
3.其他关系代词的用法区别
关系代词 先行词 在从句中所充当的成分
who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose(=of whom/of which) 人或物 定语
On the first day,I should want to see the people 　　　　　　kindness and gentleness and companionship have made my life worth living.(外研选一U2)
在第一天,我想看到那些待我善良、温柔和友好,从而使我的生命值得活下去的人。
John is my best friend and he is one of the people 　　　　　　I have complete confidence in.(译林选四U2)
约翰是我最好的朋友,他是我完全信任的人之一。
考点二　关系副词引导的定语从句
先行词 关系 副词 在从句中所 充当的成分 与“介词+关系代词”的关系
表示时间的名词:time、day、year等。 when 时间状语 =at/in/ on/during which
表示场所的名词:park、place、country、house等。 where 地点状语 =in/at/to/on which
表示理由的名词:the reason why 原因状语 =for which
People were excited—the zoo is the only place in the country 　　　　　　it is possible to see pandas.(外研必一U5)
人们很兴奋,因为动物园是这个国家唯一可以看到熊猫的地方。
There were times 　　　　　　questions like “Would you mind passing me the jam,please ” would be met with the reply “Why would I mind ”(译林选四U2)
有时,像“你介意把果酱递给我吗 ”这样的问题会得到“我为什么会介意 ”的答复。
There are many reasons 　　　　　　this has been possible,but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.(人教必一U5)　(中华文明)存续至今的原因有很多,但主要因素之一是汉字的书写体系。
[点拨]　
(1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如point、situation、case、stage等时,如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句。
(2)先行词occasion意为“时机”时,用关系副词when;意为“场合”时,用关系副词where。
(3)当先行词way意为“方法、方式”,且在从句中作状语时,可用that、in which或省略关系词这三种形式。
When we travel,we should pay attention to situations where there might be unwritten rules,such as gift giving.(译林选四U2)
当我们旅行时,我们应该注意那些可能有不成文规则的情况,比如送礼物。
This would mean we have to significantly change the way (that/in which) we live.(北师大选一U3)
这意味着我们必须极大地改变生活方式。
考点三　“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.分类
类别 句法 功能 示例
介词+关系代词(which/whom) 状语 These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people,to whom Guangxi is home.(外研必一U5) 龙脊梯田是由广西当地的壮族和瑶族居民开垦的。
介词+whose+名词 状语 He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag. 他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。
名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词(which/whom) 主语 Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered.(人教选一U1) 后来,该药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试,其中大多数患者都康复了。
2.“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的确定
(1)根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。
In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person 　　　　　　whom she could turn for help.(turn to sb for help)
在黑暗的街道上,没有一个她可以求助的人。
Physics is the subject 　　　　　　which every student in our school is interested.(be interested in)
物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。
(2)根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。
Those without outside space can rent small pieces of land 　　　　　　which to grow things.(on the land)(外研必一U6)
住宅外部没有空间的居民可以租用小块土地种植作物。
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。
The colorless gas 　　　　　　which we can’t live is called oxygen.(without the gas)
这种无色的气体就是氧气,离了它我们无法生存。
1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
分类 用法
定语从句 限制性 定语从句 限制性定语从句限制了所修饰的先行词的意义,如果去掉,主句意思不完整甚至失去意义。主从句之间往往不用逗号分开。
非限制性 定语从句 非限制性定语从句和主句关系不是很密切,从句只是对先行词作补充说明,如果去掉,主句意思仍然完整。主从句之间往往用逗号分开。
He has two sons,　　　　　　 work in the same company.(He has only two sons.)
他有两个儿子,他们在同一家公司上班。
He has two sons 　　　　　　work in the same company.(Perhaps he has more than two sons.)
他有两个儿子在同一家公司上班。
He failed in the match,　　　　　　 was a great pity.(非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面的句子)
=He failed in the match,and 　　　　　was a great pity.
他在比赛中失败了,这真令人遗憾。
2.定语从句和其他句式的区别
(1)定语从句与并列句
并列句有and、but、so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接。并列句中绝对不可再用引导定语从句的关系词。
①I have three cars,none of 　　　　is in good condition.
②I have three cars,but none of 　　　　is in good condition.
①句中cars后面是非限制性定语从句,空格中填关系代词which;②句中有并列连词but,题干是并列句,空格中填代词them。
(2)定语从句与状语从句
①定语从句修饰、限制先行词,常放在先行词的后面,而状语从句说明动作发生的情况,可以放在主句的前面。
The solution to the mystery of the monarch’s amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.(when引导　　　　从句;外研必一U5)
当黑脉金斑蝶这一惊人能力的奥秘被揭晓时,这一生物正处于水深火热的生存状态中。
When the meeting was over,it was already five o’clock.(when引导　　　　　　从句)
会议结束时,已经五点钟了。
②when、where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词+which”的结构来替换,在引导状语从句时则不行。
There,they were welcomed to the Chinese-style compound where they were to live.(where引导　　　　从句;外研必一U5)
在那儿,他们受到热烈欢迎,并被接到给他们安排的中式院子里。
Put back the book where it was.(where引导　　　　　　从句)
把书放回原处。
③定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分,因此去掉之后从句成分不完整;而状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分,去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。
It is such an interesting book as we all like.(as引导　　　　从句,作动词like的宾语)
这是一本我们都喜欢的有趣的书。
It is such an interesting book that we all like it.(that引导　　　　　　从句,不充当从句的成分)
这是一本如此有趣的书,我们都喜欢它。
(3)定语从句与同位语从句
①定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词,对先行词起修饰或限制的作用,与先行词之间有从属关系。
②同位语从句的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释,是前面名词的具体内容,与前面名词之间是同位关系。
The suggestion that he came up with is practical.(that引导的是　　　　从句,that代替先行词在从句中充当宾语,可省略)
他提出的建议是切实可行的。
He gave me a suggestion that we should read aloud every morning.(that引导的是　　　　从句,that在从句中不作任何成分,但不可省略)
他给了我一个建议,我们应该每天早晨大声朗读。
【典例1】　The old man turned his business over to his younger son,　　　　 made his elder son discouraged.
【典例2】　I will never forget such a beautiful village 　　　　I spent my childhood with my grandparents.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The dish became known as “cross-bridge noodles” in memory of the wife 　　　　　discovered a dish that would stay warm as she crossed the bridge to the island every day.(2025·安庆高三二模)
2.Unlike other overseas-born giant pandas 　　　　　　have been sent to China,Le Le won’t undergo quarantine (检疫) at the bases in Ya’an or Wolong.(2025·蚌埠高三三模)
3.The mysterious ancient roads,　　　　　 date back over 2,200 years and predate the Roman Roads by over 200 years,are known to be a natural museum in the history of road construction.(2025·池州高三二模)
4.It has become a popular destination 　　　　　　　 visitors can glimpse diverse animals and appreciate the beauty and significance of life.(2025·济宁高三二模)
5.In addition to “Happy Loong”,the Gansu Provincial Museum offers stuffed toys inspired by the flying apsaras (飞天) of the Mogao Grottoes and the bronze galloping horse from the Easter Han Dynasty (25-220),all of 　　　　　　combine rich history with Gen-Z appeal.(2025·惠州高三三模)
6.Her report,　　　　　　 title was “I have a dream” made her dream of building a free all-girls high school known to all.(2025·鹰潭高三二模)
7.Qiang embroidery (羌绣) dates back to the Han Dynasty 　　　　　　it was adopted for use on clothing.(2025·景德镇高三三模)
8.　　　　　　 an official document explained,tea is a fundamental cultural element to Chinese people’s daily life.(2025·梅州高三二模)
9.Technological transformation is affecting the way in 　　　　　　people learn and children grow.(2025·长沙二模)
10.The Ming Dynasty marked a boom in the economy of Suzhou,the very period 　　　　　　turned the city into a major cultural center.(2025·南京二模)
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1.Sometimes we hold events in the local community 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
有时我们在当地社区举办活动,目的是提高人们的环保意识。
2.Besides,know about all kinds of fields as much as you can and find the one 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
此外,尽可能多地了解各种领域,找到最感兴趣和最适合你的领域。
3.A closer look convinced him that it was only a rabbit,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
仔细一看,他确信那只是一只兔子,它很快就消失在黑暗中。
4.I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 last year.
我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。
5.Whenever I recall the moment 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,
this class will come into my mind,bringing sweet memory.
每当我回忆起我踏进这所学校的那一刻,这节课就会浮现在我的脑海里,带来甜蜜的回忆。
Ⅲ.语篇提能练
There was a time 1.　　　　　　 I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this was the reason 2.　　　　 my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club,3.　　　　　　 I met many strangers,I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately,my guide,4.　　　　　　 teacher was Mr Yu,communicated with me face to face.He,from 5.　　　　　　 I gained some useful instructions,also showed me a good partner,and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.　　　　　　 we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide,7.　　　　　　 encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English,into 8.　　　　　　 I put my entire energy.Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep,I recall the passages,through 9.　　　　　　 I can memorize a large number of new words.10.　　　　 our English teacher says,“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance,you will conquer English sooner or later.”
答案：
考点一
(一)that/which　who/that　whom/who/that　whose
(二)1.that　that　which　which　2.As　which
3.whose　who/whom
考点二
where　when　why
考点三
2.(1)to　in　(2)on　(3)without
重难突破
1.who　who　which　it
2.(2)①定语　时间状语　②定语　地点状语　③定语　结果状语　(3)定语　同位语
【典例1】　which　[空前句子完整且设空处无提示词;分析句子结构知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整句话的内容,并在从句中作主语。]
【典例2】　where　[空前句子完整且设空处无提示词;分析句子结构知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是village,且在从句中作地点状语。]
达标检测
Ⅰ.1.who/that　2.that/which　3.which　4.where　5.which
6.whose　7.when　8.As　9.which　10.that
Ⅱ.1.whose aim is to promote people’s awareness of environmental protection　2.that interests and suits you best　3.which quickly disappeared in the dark　4.who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest　5.when I stepped into this school
Ⅲ.1.when　[先行词是time,指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,故填关系副词when。]
2.why　[先行词是reason,指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,故填关系副词why。]
3.where　[先行词是club,指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,故填关系副词where。]
4.whose　[先行词是guide,空格后面的teacher与其构成所属关系,故填whose。]
5.whom　[此处为非限制性定语从句,结合句意及空格前的介词from可知填whom。]
6.that/which　[此处为限制性定语从句,关系词指代先行词activities,故用that/which。]
7.who　[此处为非限制性定语从句,关系词指代先行词my father and the guide,指人,并在定语从句中作主语,故填who。]
8.which　[此处为非限制性定语从句,关系词指物,并在定语从句中作介词into的宾语,故填which。]
9.which　[此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面的句子“I recall the passages”,故填which。]
10.As　[此处为非限制性定语从句,关系词指代后面的句子“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance,you will conquer English sooner or later.”并位于句首,意为“正如”,故填As。]第二节　名词性从句
　　在复合句中相当于名词的从句,称为名词性从句,主要分为主语从句、 宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四类。名词性从句的引导词及其用法如下:
类别 引导词 意义 功能
从属 连词 that 无意义 不充当成分
whether/if 是否 不充当成分
连接 代词 what(ever) (无论)什么 主语、宾语、表语、定语
which(ever) (无论)哪一个 主语、宾语、定语
who(ever) (无论)谁 主语、宾语、表语
whom 谁 宾语
whose 谁的 定语
连接 副词 when 何时 时间状语
where 哪里 地点状语
why 为何 原因状语
how 如何 方式状语
考点一　主语从句
在句中作主语的从句称为主语从句。
1.主语从句的引导词
主语从句的引导词主要有三类:从属连词that、whether、if;连接代词what、who、whose、whatever、whichever、whoever等;连接副词when、where、why、how。
　　　　　　 makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the figure’s mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream.(北师大必三U7)
这幅画之所以引人注目,是因为画中展示了一个表情恐惧的瘦弱身影——这个人嘴巴大张,正发出强烈的尖叫声。
　　　　　　 Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.(外研选四U5)
玛雅文明衰落的原因仍然是个谜。
Every year,　　　　　　 makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
每年,谁做的风筝最漂亮,谁就会在风筝节上获奖。
　　　　　　 you can satisfy the needs of potential clients most effectively should be the focus of your business.(译林选四U3)
如何最有效地满足潜在客户的需求应该是你业务的重点。
2.it作形式主语的句型
·It+be+形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)+that从句
·It+be+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder/no surprise等)+that从句
·It+be+过去分词(said/believed/expected/thought/known/reported等)+that从句
·It+特殊动词(seems,appears,happens,matters等)+that从句
By changing the landscape in this way,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　 the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.(外研选四U5)
玛雅人以这种方式改变地貌,很可能在不知不觉中降低了他们应对自然灾害的能力。
　　　　　　　　　　 being one’s own boss is appealing to many people.(译林选四U3)
做自己的老板对很多人都有吸引力,这并不奇怪。
　　　　　　　　 the two artists admired each other.(北师大选三U7)
据说这两位艺术家都很欣赏彼此。
　　　　　　　　 the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(人教选二U1)
这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水,所以她每天都叫人把水送到家里。
考点二　宾语从句
在句中作宾语的从句称为宾语从句。
1.宾语从句的引导词与主语从句的引导词大致一样,在句中可以作及物动词、介词及部分形容词的宾语。
This experience has made me realize 　　　　　　I am really good at drawing and have great talent for fashion design,and has inspired me to pursue fashion design as my career.(译林选四U3)
这段经历让我意识到我真的很擅长绘画,并且在服装设计方面有很大的天赋,并激励我将服装设计作为自己的职业。
It’s also vital to look back on the process to see 　　　　　　　　　you did well and 　　　　　　　　improvements are still needed.(译林选四U3)
回顾这个过程,看看你在哪些方面做得好,哪些方面还需要改进,这也是至关重要的。
A second tip is to analyse your target market carefully to see 　　　　　　it is worth entering,and if so,how you should run your business.(译林选四U3)
第二条建议是仔细分析你的目标市场,看看它是否值得进入,如果值得,你应该如何经营你的业务。
2.it作形式宾语的句型
·动词find/feel/think/consider/make+it+宾补(形容词或名词)+that从句
·动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy+it+that从句
·动词短语see to/depend on/rely on+it+that从句
·固定搭配take it for granted/owe it to sb+that从句
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
he played the piano so well.
他钢琴弹得这么好,我感到很惊讶。
We 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　we go to
the English Corner to practice English every afternoon.
我们定下规矩,每天下午都要去英语角练习英语。
考点三　表语从句
在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。引导表语从句的引导词与引导主语从句的引导词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if,because和why引导。
Flowers in a glasshouse may grow fast,but that’s not 　　　　　　the flowers belong.(译林选四U3)
温室里的花可能长得很快,但那不是它们的归宿。
But the greatest mystery of all is 　　　　caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.(外研选四U5)
但最大的谜团是什么原因导致玛雅人抛弃了他们大部分的大城市。
One strong argument for taking a gap year is 　　　　　　it gives us a chance to learn skills that we normally don’t learn in school.(译林选四U3)
一个支持间隔年的有力理由是,它让我们有机会学习通常在学校学不到的技能。
考点四　同位语从句
同位语从句用以说明其前面某一名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有:advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word(消息)等。
The fact 　　　　　　Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.(外研选四U5)
玛雅社会在技术上是原始的,这一事实使得它的成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。
1.that与what引导的名词性从句的区别
that在从句中不充当句子成分,也没有含义;what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语,意思是“什么,什么……的事情,什么样的”。
Our teacher made a request that we (should) be well prepared for the exam.
老师要求我们为考试做好充分准备。
We had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions.
我们必须写一篇论文,内容是我们打算如何将课堂上学到的知识应用到未来的职业中。
2.wh-与wh-ever引导的名词性从句的区别
连接词what、which、who分别表示“……的东西或事情”“哪一个”“谁”,表示疑问含义;而whatever、whichever、whoever分别相当于anything that、any...that、anyone who,意为“无论……”,强调一切情况。试比较:
What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels,metal tools or even animal power.(外研选四U5)
这些复杂的建筑最不寻常之处在于它们是如何在没有使用机轮、金属工具甚至畜力的情况下建造的。
During this period,whatever people experience is fresh and exciting to them.(人教选二U2)
在此期间,人们所经历的一切对他们而言都是新鲜的、令人兴奋的。
3.whether与if引导的名词性从句的区别
(1)whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末,但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末,且前面需用it作形式主语。
Whether it is true remains a question.
这是否真实依然是个问题。
It is unknown whether/if he will attend the meeting.
他是否会来参加会议还不清楚。
(2)whether与if引导宾语从句时一般可以互换,但是如果直接与or not连用或用于介词后时,只能用whether。
Henry entered the gentlemen’s house,wondering whether/if they would offer a job.(人教必三U5)
亨利走进绅士们的房子,想知道他们是否会提供给他一份工作。
There was a heated argument about whether he was suitable for the position.
关于他是否适合这个职位有过激烈的争论。
(3)whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句,而if不可以。
The question is whether he can finish the task on time or not.
问题在于他是否能按时完成任务。
Before making the decision whether we should wear the school uniform,we have to balance the advantages against the disadvantages.
在决定是否穿校服之前,我们必须权衡利弊。
【典例1】　The shopkeeper did not want to sell for 　　　　he thought was not enough.
【典例2】　Massive Open Online Courses,called MOOCs,are changing 　　　　　people learn in many places.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The towering peaks seem as if they are natural blockades preventing the bitter wind from entering the zone and that seems to be 　　　　　　　　the weather here is regulated.(2025·巢湖高三二模)
2.　　　　　　 she didn’t expect was the sudden popularity of the wallpaper on the Internet,with many netizens asking her to share it.(2025·雄安新区部分高三三模)
3.　　　　　　 this is actually achieved is an interesting process.(2025·武汉部分学校高三模拟)
4.But 　　　　　　best represents China’s modern industrial power is possibly the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.(2025·江西师大附中高三三模)
5.　　　　　　 most people don’t know is 　　　　　　Sora can do more than just create videos from scratch.(2025·重庆高三二模)
6.A laborer explains 　　　　　　he risks his life to make repairs to the ancient structure.(2025·湛江高三二模)
7.All the books about Ma MianQun,　　　　 they are related to costumes,operas or cultural relics,only show that the smooth surface without pleats (褶皱)in the middle is called “Ma Mian”,but there is no further explanation for the source of “Ma Mian”.(2025·辽宁协作校高三三模)
8.By 1892 Diesel had obtained a patent for 　　　　　we now call the diesel engine.(2025·梅州高三二模)
9.The question of 　　　　　　it’s named so has always been puzzling.(2025·张家界高三二模)
10.It remains to be seen 　　　　　　they will succeed in their attempt to clear up the Bermuda Triangle “mystery” this time around.(2025·海口高三二模)
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 was the connection
we had formed through words on paper.
重要的是我们通过纸上的文字形成的联系。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the essence
of friendship is a profound connection on the basis of mutual compassion and understanding.
我突然意识到,友谊的本质是在相互同情和理解的基础上建立的深厚联系。
3.Hearing my words,David turned to me tremblingly with tears spilling out of his eyes and expressed 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
大卫听了我的话,颤抖地转过身来,眼泪夺眶而出,他说他已经下定决心要完成越野赛跑。
4.Cathy abruptly covered her wide-opened mouth,feeling 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
凯茜突然捂住她张开的嘴,感觉似乎她的心都要跳出来了。
5.I hold the firm belief 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 if I put my heart into it.
我坚信,只要我全心投入,没有什么是困难的。
Ⅲ.语篇提能练
It was reported 1.　　　　　　 there was an accident at the corner of Roman Street this morning.No one saw 2.　　　　　　 on earth happened then.A car ran into a truck but fortunately,nobody got injured.3.　　　　　　 is responsible for the accident is still under investigation.The police are uncertain about 4.　　　　　　 the driver is guilty.5.　　　　　　 the police should do now is 6.　　　　　　 they must find out what led to the accident.They said it was difficult for them to judge because 7.　　　　　　 the accident happened was not clear.Perhaps the reason was 8.　　　　　　 the driver was too tired to stop the car in time.The driver didn’t admit the fact 9.　　　　　　 he was driving too fast at the turning.The police doubted 10.　　　　　 what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.
答案：
考点一
1.What　Why　whoever　How
2.it is possible that　It is no surprise that　It is said that　It seemed that
考点二
1.that　what;where　whether/if
2.find it surprising that　make it a rule that
考点三
where　what　that
考点四
that
【典例1】　what　[介词for后为宾语从句,he thought作插入语,而且was前缺主语。在这种情况下用what,what可分解为the price that,原句可转化为“The shopkeeper did not want to sell for the price that he thought was not enough.”。]
【典例2】　how　[分析句子结构可知,changing后为宾语从句,空处作宾语从句中的方式状语,即“怎样学习”,故应用how。]
达标检测
Ⅰ.1.how/why　2.What　3.How　4.what　5.What;that　6.why　7.whether　8.what　9.why　10.whether
Ⅱ.1.What mattered　2.It dawned on me that　3.he had made a firm determination to finish the cross-country run　4.as if her heart would jump out　5.that nothing is difficult
Ⅲ.1.that　[考查主语从句。分析可知句中it为形式主语,真正的主语为that there was...。]
2.what　[考查宾语从句。句意“那时究竟发生了什么”。see为及物动词,其后为宾语从句,宾语从句中缺主语,故填what。]
3.Who　[考查主语从句。句意“谁对这次事故负责依旧在调查中。”分析可知,　　　　 is responsible for the accident在句中作主语,主语从句中缺主语,根据句意,可知,应填Who。]
4.whether　[考查宾语从句。句意“警察不确定司机是否有罪。” about为介词,后跟宾语从句,根据句意,可知此处填whether。]
5.What　[考查主语从句。句意“警察现在应该做的是,他们必须找出事故的原因。” 分析可知,此处为主语从句,从句中缺宾语,根据句意,可知应填What。]
6.that　[考查表语从句。句意同上。分析可知,此处为表语从句,从句中不缺成分。故填that。]
7.how　[考查主语从句。句意“事故是如何发生的还不清楚。”because引导原因状语从句,　　　　 the accident happened在句中作主语,根据句意,此处应填how。]
8.that　[考查表语从句。句意“也许是因为司机太累了,没能及时停车。”　　　　 the driver was too tired to stop the car in time在句中作表语,表语从句不缺成分和意义。故填that。]
9.that　[考查同位语从句。司机不承认他在转弯时开得太快。分析可知,此处为同位语从句。故填that。]
10.if/whether　[考查宾语从句。句意“警方怀疑他说的话是否属实,决定进一步调查。”分析可知,句子为宾语从句,空处意为“是否”。故填if/whether。]第三节　并列连词和状语从句
考点一　并列连词
常考并列连词 表示转折、 对比关系 but、however、yet (然而)、while (然而)等
表示并列关系 and、both...and...、not only...but (also)...、neither...nor...等
表示选择关系 or、either...or...、not...but...等
表示因果关系 so、for(一般不放在句首)等
特殊并列连词 when可用作并列连词,意为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式: ①sb was about to do sth when...某人正要做某事,这时突然…… ②sb was on the point of doing sth when...某人正要做某事,这时突然…… ③sb was doing sth when...某人正在做某事,这时突然…… ④sb had just done sth when...某人刚做完某事,这时突然……
Some novelists have happily been involved in the film production 　　　　　　others like the American author J.D.Salinger,fought to ensure that their books would never become films.(北师大选二U6)
一些小说家欣然投身于电影制作,而另一些小说家,如美国作家J.D.塞林格,则努力确保他们的书永远不会成为电影。
I was about to catch one 　　　　　　I heard someone screaming and then I heard a splash in the water.(人教选二U5)
我正要抓到一条,忽然听到有人尖叫,然后就听到水花四溅的声音。
【典例】　In 2002,Zhang started her preparation to build a free all-girls high school,in hope of changing the destiny of the girls in the mountain 　　　　lifting them out of poverty.
考点二　状语从句
1.时间状语从句
(1)常用连词有:when、while、as、before、after、since、until、the moment等。
　　　　　　 I started high school,I began reading books about Chinese history and culture,and this inspired me to choose Chinese Studies as my academic major at university.(外研选四U3)
当我开始读高中时,我开始阅读有关中国历史和文化的书籍,这激发了我在大学选择汉语学专业作为我的学术专业。
I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,
and was determined to translate it into Bulgarian.(外研选四U3)
我第一次读《红楼梦》时就爱上了它,并决心把它翻译成保加利亚文。
Haven’t you heard from your friend 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
you left (译林选四U1)
自从你离开后,你难道没有收到过你朋友的信息
　　　　　　 we go to the station,here’s a note for you.(译林选四U1)
但在我们去车站之前,给你看张便条。
(2)注意事项
要注意时态一致,一般情况下,在时间状语从句中,当主句使用将来时态时,从句通常使用一般现在时来表示将来发生的动作。
2.地点状语从句
(1)常用连词有:where、wherever等。
I walked down the street shortly before ten o’clock and arrived 　　　　　　“Big Joe” Brady’s used to be.(译林选四U1)
快到十点钟的时候,我沿着街道走着,来到了‘乔老大’布雷迪餐厅的旧址。
(2)注意事项
注意不要和where引导的定语从句混淆,若是定语从句,where前必然有先行词。
3.条件状语从句
(1)常用连词有:if、unless、as/so long as、on condition that、in case、given that等。
But I know Jimmy will meet me here 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
he’s alive,for he always was the truest and most reliable fellow in the world.(译林选四U1)
但是我知道只要吉米还活着,他就会来这儿和我见面,因为他一直是这世界上最真诚、最可靠的朋友。
　　　　　　 the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road,Dunhuang was the ideal place.(外研选四U3)
鉴于本届世博会的主题是促进丝绸之路沿线国家之间的文化交流和加强相互合作,敦煌是一个理想的地方。
(2)注意事项
条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样,当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时。
4.原因状语从句
(1)常用连词有:because、since、as、now (that)、for等。
Finally,he decided to go 　　　　　　he wanted to help foreigners learn Chinese and learn about China.(外研选四U3)
最后,他决定去,因为他想帮助外国人学习汉语,了解中国。
　　　　　　 this dream has come true,my next goal is to translate The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.(外研选四U3)
既然这个梦想已经实现了,我的下一个目标是翻译《三国演义》。
(2)注意事项
·回答why提出的问题,because语气最强;since次之;as最弱;
·as引导的从句往往放在主句前面;for后面的并列分句往往表示一种附带的解释或说明。
5.让步状语从句
(1)常用连词有:although、though、while、as、even if/though、whatever、whenever、wherever、however、whoever、no matter what/who/how/when/where等。
　　　　　　 he spent many years in the UK,Huang’s heart never left his homeland.(译林选四U1)
虽然他在英国生活了很多年,但黄的心从未离开过他的祖国。
　　　　　　 these photos won her many fans,they were not one hundred per cent real.(译林选四U1)
虽然这些照片为她赢得了许多粉丝,但它们并不是百分之百真实的。
Gradually,it faded from memory,　　　　 it was once such a great city.(外研选四U3)
渐渐地,它从记忆中消失了,尽管它曾经是这样一个伟大的城市。
Instruments and styles are blended together to create music that is surprising,rich,and completely original 　　　　　　culture it comes from.(外研选四U3)
乐器和风格融合在一起,创造出令人惊讶的、丰富的、完全原创的音乐,无论它来自什么文化。
(2)注意事项
·当用though或 although引导从句时,后面的主句不能有but;
·as引导的让步状语从句必须把表语、状语或动词原形提前。
6.结果状语从句
(1)常用连词有:so...that...、such...that...、so that等。
The scrolls are 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang...(外研选四U3)
这些卷轴内容如此详细,它们描述了从敦煌进出口的众多商品……
(2)注意事项
在so...that...和such...that...结构中,so为副词,后面跟形容词或副词,而such为限定词,后面只能跟名词或名词性短语。
7.方式状语从句
(1)常用连词有:as、just as、as if、as though等。
People meet as strangers,but they leave 　　　　　　they are neighbours,learning that different cultures have more in common than they imagined.(外研选四U3)
人们以陌生人的身份相遇,但离开时却像邻居一样,了解到不同文化的共同点比他们想象的要多。
The policeman on the beat walked along the street 　　　　　　he always did.(译林选四U1)
巡逻的警察像往常一样沿着街道走着。
(2)注意事项
as if、as though在方式状语从句中多指非真实的或可能性较小的情况,常用虚拟语气。
8.比较状语从句
(1)常用连词有:as...as...、not as/so...as、than等。
In the Ming Dynasty,trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
it used to be.(外研选四U3)
在明朝,贸易路线改变了,敦煌不像以前那么繁荣了。
(2)注意事项
用比较句型表示在一定范围内的最高级含义:比较级+than+any other+单数可数名词。
9.目的状语从句
(1)常用连词有:so that、in order that等。
I am always attentive in all classes and think actively,　　　　　　 I can have more free time to do other things that I’m interested in after school.(北师大必一U1)
我在所有课上总是专心听讲并积极思考,这样放学后我就有更多可支配的时间做我感兴趣的事情。
We know that social media influencers sometimes post their photos for fun,but companies pay them to do so 　　　　　　they can promote their products.(译林选四U1)
我们知道社交媒体上有影响力的人发布他们的照片有时只是为了好玩,但公司会付费让他们这样做,以便他们能够推广他们的产品。
(2)注意事项
从句中常用may、might、can、could、should等情态动词。
1.牢记连词词义并能熟练运用是解答状语从句题目的先决条件。
2.牢记固定句式结构,确定连词。
3.根据主从句的逻辑关系确定状语从句的连词。如果主从句是因果关系,则要考虑用because、as、since等连词;如果主从句有时间先后之分,则要考虑用引导时间状语从句的连词;如果从句为主句的条件,则要考虑用引导条件状语从句的连词;如果从句表示让步,则要考虑用although、though、while等连词。
【典例1】　In the Tang Dynasty,peonies were planted so widely in the royal gardens as “the national flower” 　　　　they enjoyed great popularity across the country.
【典例2】　“　　　　 we have just obtained one healthy baby monkey from 11 implants,it’s not a bad outcome for the first trial of a new technique,” said Dr Sun.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.At the same time,related hashtags such as “going for malatang in Gansu by high-speed train” have been trending on China’s Sina Weibo,　　　　　　 on the short video platform Douyin,the topic Tianshui has been viewed more than 12 billion times.(2025·宜荆随恩高三二模)
2.Whether you’re a fan of theater 　　　　simply interested in Chinese culture,Chinese opera is definitely worth exploring.(2025·保定高三三模)
3.I know how most people feel about them—scary and fierce,　　　　　　 in fact far from their appearance,they are clever and really friendly to people.(2025·安徽名校模拟)
4.It indicates 　　　　　　hard the people of Huizhou once struggled.(2025·黄山高三三模)
5.People may have initially made them to record information and convey messages 　　　　　　people started to write.(2025·潍坊高三二模)
6.　　　　　　 culture differs from area to area,one thing is for certain: Cultures change.(2025·河南新高考联盟高三模拟)
7.In fact,there are so many possible moves in Go (围棋) 　　　　　　a whole new field of mathematics has been created just to describe the game.(2025·金华高三三模)
8.It is believed that Chinese knotting,also known as zhongguojie,originated for recording information and exchanging messages 　　　　　　writing was invented.(2025·连云港高三二模)
9.Most surprising to me was that no matter 　　　　　　we did to make the effect go away,it continued.(2025·安庆高三二模)
10.He was walking in the countryside 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
he pulled a burr (毛刺) off his trousers.(2025·山西高三二模)
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,
he dashed out to join Jane with a spring in his step.
我还没来得及说话,他就迈着轻快的步子冲了出去,奔向简。
2. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,
he refused to yield to despair.
虽然他的进展缓慢而令人沮丧,但他拒绝向绝望屈服。
3.There he was,standing exactly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.I waved to my grandpa proudly.
他就站在那里,在我离开时他站的那个位置,我自豪地向爷爷挥手致意。
4.Everyone smiled and then applauded,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
每个人都笑了,然后鼓起掌来,即使有些学生不知道发生了什么。
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,
I jumped into my bed.
我一到家,就跳到床上。
Ⅲ.语篇提能练
1.　　　　　　 I was a little girl,my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain.One day after school,2.　　　　　　 I was exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain,I almost fell on a set of stairs.What could these steps lead to Curiosity got the best of me even though I knew it would be starting to get dark soon.I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.
I climbed and climbed,3.　　　　　　 there was nothing but just green bushes and these steps.I had to reach the top! 4.　　　　　　 it was now getting really dark.My mum would be worried sick if I didn’t come home soon.Tired and scared 5.　　　　　　 I was,I ran back home almost in the dark.
I was so anxious 6.　　　　　　 I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.Could there be a castle up there Maybe I would find a monster where there are green woods.Maybe I was taking the risk of never coming back home.Or,maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing! However,7.　　　　　　 I would encounter,I was going to climb that mountain at all cost.And it was not a long time 8.　　　　　　 I tried this adventure again.
答案：
考点一
while　when
【典例】　and　[句意:2002年,张开始筹备建立一所免费的女子高中,希望改变山区女孩的命运,让她们摆脱贫困。根据句意可知“changing the destiny of the girls in the mountain”和“lifting them out of poverty”是并列关系,应用并列连词and连接。故填and。]
考点二
1.When　the first time I read it　since　Before　2.where　3.if　Given that　4.as　Now that　5.Although　While　even though/if　no matter what/whatever　6.so detailed that
7.as if　as　8.as prosperous as　9.so that　in order that
【典例1】　that　[句意:在唐代,牡丹作为“国花”在皇家园林中广泛种植,在全国享有很高的知名度。so...that...为固定句型,表示“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句,故填that。]
【典例2】　Although/Though/While　[句意:孙博士说:“虽然我们刚刚从11次植入中获得了一只健康的小猴子,但对于一项新技术的首次试验来说,这是一个不错的结果。”引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然”用连词although、though或 while。首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。]
达标检测
Ⅰ.1.and/while　2.or　3.but　4.how　5.before
6.Although/Though/While　7.that　8.before　9.what
10.when
Ⅱ.1.Before I could say anything　2.Slow and frustrating as his progress was　3.where I had left him
4.even if some students didn’t know what happened
5.As soon as I reached home
Ⅲ.1.When　[考查时间状语从句。句意“当我还是个小女孩的时候,我们家搬到了一座大山脚下的一个小镇。”根据句意可知,此处应填When。]
2.while　[考查时间状语从句。句意“当我在这座雄伟的山上探索绿色的树林时,我差点摔在楼梯上。”根据句意以及空后的进行时可知填while。]
3.though　[考查让步状语从句。句意“我爬啊爬,然而那里什么也没有,只有绿色的灌木丛和这些台阶。”根据句意可知,此处应填though。]
4.But　[考查并列句。前后句为转折关系,故填But。]
5.as/though　[考查让步状语从句。本句为让步状语从句,使用了倒装语序,故填as/though。]
6.that　[考查结果状语从句。本句为so...that...引导的结果状语从句,故填that。]
7.whatever　[考查让步状语从句。本句为让步状语从句,缺少宾语,故填whatever。]
8.before　[考查时间状语从句。It+时间段+before...意为“多长时间就”。故填before。]

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