Unit 4 Helping out Starting out & Understanding ideas 知识点课件 -2026年春外研版英语八年级下册

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Unit 4 Helping out Starting out & Understanding ideas 知识点课件 -2026年春外研版英语八年级下册

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(共45张PPT)
Man’s life is limited, but there is no limit to serving
the people. 人的生命是有限的,但为人民服务是无限的。
(教材P51)
the limits of... ……的极限
There is no limit to... ……没有限制。
limit n.限度;限制
I was almost at the limits of my patience. 我的耐心几
乎到了极限。
There’s no limit to what you can do if you try. 如果你
努力的话,成就无可限量。
(1)limit[动词]限制,限定
His anxiety limits his ability to speak English. 他紧张
的情绪让他不能很好地讲英语。
(2)limited[形容词]有限的
I have a limited knowledge of French. 我的法语知识
有限。
1 “Excuse me, may I have a purple crayon, please ”
five-year-old Leah asked a nurse. “打扰一下,请给我一
支紫色蜡笔好吗?”五岁的利娅问护士。(教材P52)
excuse sth./sb.原谅某事/某人
excuse sb. for (doing) sth. 原谅某人做某事
Please excuse the mess. 这里凌乱不堪,请见谅。
I hope you can excuse me for being so late. 我来得这
么晚,希望你能原谅。
excuse / k skju:z/ v.原谅
[名词]借口;理由 常与介词for连用。
What’s your excuse for being late this time 你这次迟
到的理由是什么?
excuse me与sorry
excuse me 一般用于礼貌地引起他人注意,尤其是发
问时。
sorry 一般用于犯错后或不能满足对方要求时表
示歉意。
excuse me劳驾
—Excuse me, but we should wait in line to get on
the subway. 打扰一下,我们应该排队进地铁。
—I’m sorry. 对不起。
此处five-year-old为复合形容词。其结
构为“基数词-名词(单数)-形容词”,
词与词之间用连字符“-”连接,通常用
在名词前作定语。
It’s a two-metre-wide river. 这是一条两米宽的河。
We’ll have a seven-day holiday. 我们将有一个七天的
假期。
复合形容词
2 I’m afraid you’ll have to draw a grey butterfly.
恐怕你得画一只灰色的蝴蝶了。(教材P52)
该句型常用于口语表达,通常用于礼貌地说出令人不
快、失望或感到遗憾的事。
I’m afraid I can’t go with you this afternoon. 恐怕今
天下午我不能和你一起去了。#1.1
I’m afraid+(that)从句 恐怕……
I’m afraid so/not. 意为“恐怕是的/不行。”,常用于
日常交际。
—Is it going to rain tomorrow 明天会下雨吗?
—I’m afraid so. We’d better cancel the picnic. 恐怕会
的。我们最好取消野餐。#2.1
3 Then they must be thrown away. 之后就必须扔掉。
(教材P52)
为“动词+副词”型短语,人称代词作其宾语时,要放在
throw和away之间。#1
throw away 扔掉;丢弃
Don’t leave your toys on the table, or I will throw
them away. 不要把你的玩具放在桌子上,否则我会把
它们扔掉。
On the first day of the Spring Festival, people are
not allowed to throw away rubbish (=throw rubbish
away) or clean the rooms. 春节第一天,人们不能扔垃
圾或打扫房间。
典例 完成句子,每空一词。
在扔掉废物前进行分类是必要的。
It’s necessary to divide the waste into different kinds
before we ______ it ______.
throw
away
4 It just couldn’t afford new crayons for every child.
要为每个孩子购买新的蜡笔,医院实在负担不起。
(教材P52)
afford / f :d/ v.买得起,付得起
[动词]通常与can、could或be able to连用,多用于
否定句或疑问句中,不用于被动语态。
afford sth. 买得起某物
afford to do sth.负担得起做某事
If we wish to own a new bicycle but can’t afford it,
we can save our pocket money. 如果我们想要一辆新
自行车却买不起,我们可以攒零花钱。
I hope I can afford to buy a big house one day. 我希
望有一天能买得起一所大房子。
典例 根据句意及所给英文解释,写出句中所缺单词
(限填一词)。
The charity is trying to help those who can’t _______
(have enough money to pay for something) medical
treatment.
afford
[解析] 句意:该慈善机构正尽力帮助那些无法支付医疗
(费用)的人。根据英文提示“有足够的钱买某物”可知应
用afford“买得起”,空前是can’t,故填动词原形afford。
5 But colouring has helped her get through it. 但是涂
色帮她熬过了这段痛苦的时期。(教材P52)
get (sb.) through sth. (帮助某人)渡过
(难关),(使某人)熬过(困难时期)
Come on! You’ll discover a new side of yourself
when you get through all the difficulties. 加油!
当你克服所有困难时,你会发现自己全新的一面。
It was their love that got me through the difficult
time. 是他们的爱帮我熬过了那段困难时期。#2
get through通过(考试等);(用电话)接通
I finally managed to get through my driving test.
我终于通过了驾照考试。
I tried calling you several times but I couldn’t get
through. 我试着给你打了几次电话,但都没打通。#3.2
6 Leah didn’t want other young patients to feel her
disappointment. 利娅不想让其他小患者也体会到她的失
望。(教材P52)
disappointment / d s p ntm nt/ n.失望,扫兴,
沮丧
由“disappoint(v.使失望)+ -ment(名词后缀)”构成。
to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
He could see the disappointment in her eyes. 他看得出
她眼中的失望。
To our great disappointment, it rained every day of
the trip. 这次旅行天天下雨,让我们大失所望。#1.1.2
disappoint作动词,相当于let...down或
make...disappointed。
I hate to disappoint you ( = let you down/make you
disappointed ) , but I’m really not interested. 我不想使
你扫兴,但我确实不感兴趣。#1.2.1
7 It can be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments.
等待X光检查和治疗会很无聊。(教材P53)
treatment / tri:tm nt/ n.治疗,诊治;疗法
由“treat(v.治疗,医治)+-ment(名词后缀)”构成。
When people feel ill, some choose to go to TCM
hospitals and clinics for treatment. 当人们感到不适时,
有些人会选择去中医院和中医诊所接受治疗。
The best treatment for a cold is to rest and drink lots
of water. 治疗感冒的最佳方法是休息和多喝水。#1.2
[名词]对待;待遇
We don’t want any special treatment. 我们不想要任何
特殊待遇。#2.1
8 Because of her illness, she couldn’t do chores for
money, either. 由于生病,她也不能通过做家务来赚钱。
(教材P53)
illness / ln s/ n.病,疾病
[名词]由“ill (adj.有病的)+-ness(名词后缀)”构
成。其发音以元音音素开头,其前的不定冠词应用an。
With my parents’ care, I was well again after a
serious illness. 在父母的照料下,重病之后我又恢复了
健康。
She is blind because of an illness. 她因为一场疾病而
失明了。#1.2
-ness是常见的名词后缀,表示“……的性质
(或状态、特点)”,常加在形容词后。#1.3
kind(友好的)+ -ness→kindness(仁慈;善良)
happy(幸福的)+ -ness→happiness(幸福)
dark(黑暗的)+ -ness→darkness(黑暗)
9 Word spread fast, and Leah’s story went public.
消息传得很快,利娅的故事很快为大家所知。(教材P53)
public / p bl k/ adj.公众的,大众的
通常用于名词前作定语。
go public公开,公之于众
Public safety must come first. 公共安全必须放在首位。
When the news about the school trip went public,
everyone got excited. 当学校旅行的消息公开时,所有
人都很兴奋。#1.1.2
[名词]公众,民众 常与定冠词the连用。
in public公开地,当众
The movie Ne Zha 2 has been popular with the
public since it came out. 电影《哪吒2》自上映以来
一直深受大众欢迎。
Don’t be shy when you speak English in public. 在公
共场合说英语时不要害羞。
10 So far, she has collected 2,675 boxes. 到目前为止,
她已经收集了2 675盒蜡笔。(教材P53)
常与现在完成时连用,同义短语为up to now/until
now。
So far, our country has made great efforts in the
environmental protection of river. 到目前为止,我国在
河流环境保护方面做出了很大的努力。
so far到目前为止,迄今为止
As a traditional Chinese martial art, Taijiquan has
spread to more than 150 countries all over the world
so far. 太极拳作为中国传统武术,迄今已传播到世界
150多个国家。
典例 用所给词的适当形式填空。
Most people agree that smart technology ____________
(become) a big part of society so far.
has become
[解析] 句意:大多数人都认为,到目前为止,智能技术
已经成为社会的重要组成部分。根据“so far”可知句子应
用现在完成时,故填has become。
11 Solutions 解决方法(教材P54)
solution /s lu: n/ n.解决,解决方法
[可数名词]
a/the solution to ... ……的解决方法
find/come up with a solution 找到/想出解决方法
The real solution to the waste problem is to produce
less waste. 解决垃圾问题的真正办法是减少垃圾的产生。
We are working together to find the best solution we
can. 我们正在共同努力,尽可能找到最好的解决方法。
solve[动词]解决(问题)
After we solve problems one after another, we can
make more progress and become stronger. 我们逐一
解决问题后,就能取得更大的进步,变得更强大。
12 Here is a bottle of water for you. 给你一瓶水。
(教材P55)
bottle / b tl/ n.瓶子; 一瓶的量
(1)[名词]一瓶的量
a bottle of... 一瓶……
I need a bottle of milk. 我需要一瓶牛奶。
(2)[名词]瓶子
Around the world, nearly a million plastic bottles are
thrown away every minute. 全世界每分钟有近一百万只
塑料瓶被丢弃。
与“a+名词+of”相关的表示数量的短语:
a pair of 一双 a bowl of 一碗
a set of 一套 a piece of 一片/张/块
a pack of 一包 a cup of 一杯
a drop of 一滴 a slice of 一片
13 She has the flu and has to stay at home. 她得了流
感,必须待在家里。(教材P55)
“have a/an +表示疾病的名词”意为“得了……病”,
have在此意为“患上”,但在短语have the flu中,冠词
要用the。
I feel sore all over—I think I have the flu. 我全身都
很痛——我想我得了流感。#1.1
have the flu患流感
have a cold 患感冒 have a fever 发烧
have a headache 头痛 have a cough 咳嗽
have a sore throat 嗓子痛
have a toothache/stomachache 牙痛/胃痛#1.2.4
类似的短语还有:

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