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(共36张PPT)
Grammar and usage
Subject clauses
(主语从句)
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Task1: Read the article on page 20 and fill in the table below
The development of telescopes
Time Name Function
In the early 1600s Galileo’s telescope It is the _______ used telescope to explore the sky.
In _______ _______ Space Telescope It can see _______ than ground-based telescopes, and allows scientists to learn more about the universe.
In _______ _______ Space Telescope It has detected _____________________that are almost the same size as the Earth.
In recent years _______ It is the _______ radio telescope in the world and is able to observations with extraordinary sensitivity.
1990
first
Hubble
further
2009
Kepler
many suitable planets
FAST
largest
carry out
Telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration!
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Task2: Read these underlined sentences
para2
para4
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That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes, and it allows scientists to learn more about the universe.
Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved, but the signs are promising: Kepler has detected many suitable planets that are almost the same size as the Earth.
It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that developing the required technology will help astronomers all over the world make exciting discoveries.
How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our
imagination.
Task2: think about what they have in common
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Subject clause
主语从句
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We can use a noun clause as the subject of a sentence to make the sentence more colourful, and this noun clause is called subject clause.
Subject clause 主语从句
主语从句使用陈述语序！
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Task3: find out subject clauses in the box
1. This is the girl who helped me with my English yesterday.
2. We visited the city where my grandparents lived for 20 years.
3. What he has said in class suprised all his classmates.
4. He told his mother that he had finished his homework.
5. That the earth turns around the sun is a common scientific fact.
6. The question is whether we can get enough support from our teachers.
7. Whether we can finish the task on time depends on our efforts.
8. Although he is young, he knows a lot about computers.
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从属连词 that
例句：
1. That he will succeed is certain.
2. That Mars may become our home in the future does excite many people.
Rule1: 只起连接作用，本身无意义， 充当任何成分，但 能省略。
that
不
不
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从属连词 whether
例句：
1. Whether people should go there remain to be settled.
2. Whether we still attend the lecture has not been decided.
Rule2: whether 表“ ”， 充当任何成分，只起连接作用，但 能省略。
是否
不
不
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填空：用 that、whether
1. _____ the Earth revolves around the Sun is a well-established scientific fact.
2. ___ ___ he will attend the meeting tomorrow is still unknown.
3._____ she had won the competition surprised everyone.
4. ___ ___ the new plan will work out well depends on our joint efforts.
That
That
Whether
Whether
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连接代词 who
例句：
1. Who will be selected as the new student council president remains a hot topic among the seniors.
Rule3: 意为“谁”，在从句中作 、 、 。
主语
who
表语
2. Who you choose will affect the whole team.
3. Who he is doesn’t matter to me.
宾语
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连接代词 whoever
例句：
1. Whoever comes first will get a free book.
Rule6: 指“....的任何人”，在从句中作 、 、 。
*区别于who (指代具体的人），whoever 表泛指。
2. Whoever you invite will be welcome.
whoever
主语
宾语
3. Whoever the winner is will receive a grand prize.
表语
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连接代词 what
例句：
1. What matters most in life is not wealth but happiness.
2. What he said at the meeting yesterday suprisied everyone present.
Rule4 : 意为“....的东西/事情”，在从句中作 、 、 ， ，无范围限定。
3. What the ultimate goal of education is remains a hot topic..
what
4. What book you are going to buy is not important.
主语
宾语
表语
定语
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连接代词 whatever
例句：
1. Whatever happens in the future will not change our dicision to move forward.
2. Whatever you say sounds reasonable.
Rule7: 指“...的任何东西/事物”
在从句中作 、 、 、 ，泛指、无范围限定
3. Whatever his name is doesn’t matter to us.
whatever
4. Whatever plans she made for the holiday sound wonderful.
主语
宾语
表语
定语
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连接代词 which
例句：
1. Which of these three optional courses is most suitable for us depends on our career plan.
Rule5: 指代特定范围内的人或事物，在从句中作 、宾语、表语、定语意为“（在...中）哪一个/哪一些”。
* is most suitable for us depends on our career plan.
Rule5: 若句中无明确范围，需用what。
What
which
主语
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连接代词 whichever
例句：
1. Whichever method you choose from the book must be followed strictly.
Rule8: 指“...（特定范围内）的任何一个/任何一些”，在从句中作主语、宾语，表语, ，需要有明确的范围。
whichever
定语
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1. ______ will be appointed as the new head teacher of our class is still a mystery to all of us.
A. Who B. Whom C. Which D. That
2. ______ we need to improve most in our English learning is our listening comprehension.
A. Which B. What C. That D. Whoever
3. ______ of the two novels you choose to read for the literature class will help you improve your reading skills.
A. What B. Which C. Whichever D. Whatever
4. ______ has a good knowledge of computer science can apply for this technical position.
A. Who B. Whom C. Whoever D. Whichever
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连接副词 when
例句：
1. When the new subway line will be put into operation is still unknown to the public.
Rule9: 意为“ ”，在从句中作 状语
*区别于时间状语从句，引导主语从句时，不能省略，需要放在句首
when
什么时候
时间
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连接副词 whenever
例句：
1. Whenever we can find time to practice oral English is the key to improving our language skills.
Rule13 : 译为“...的任何时候”，在从句中作 ，语气比when更强烈。
whenever
时间状语
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连接副词 where
例句：
1. Where we will hold the annual school sports meeting has not been decided yet.
Rule10: 意为“在/到哪里”，在从句中作 状语
where
地点
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连接副词 wherever
例句：
1. Wherever we can access reliable learning resources will greatly affect our study efficiency.
Rule14: 意为“ ”，在从句中作 状语，语气比where强烈。
wherever
...的任何地方
地点
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连接副词 how
例句：
1. How important it is to master English grammar is often ignored by some students.
Rule11: 意为“多么，怎么样”，在句子中作 。
2. How we can balance our study and extracurricular activities is a common problem for senior students.
how
方式状语
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连接副词 however
例句：
1. However we can simplify the complex experiment procedure is what our teacher expects us to figure out.
Rule15: 意为 “....的任何方式”，在句子中作 。
however
方式状语
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连接副词 why
例句：
1. Why she made such a decision remains a puzzle to us all.
Rule12: 意为“ ”，在从句中作 状语
why
为什么
原因
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1. ______ we will hold the international conference next year has not been announced by the government yet.
A. When B. Where C. Why D. How
2. ______ the ancient civilization disappeared suddenly is still a mystery that archaeologists are trying to solve.
A. When B. Where C. Why D. How
3. ______ the new policy was introduced so hurriedly has aroused widespread public concern and debate.
A. When B. Where C. Why D. How
4. ______ we meet again will be a joyful occasion that we all look forward to.
A. Whenever B. Wherever C. However D. Whatever
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类别 例词 说明
从属连词 that, whether 两者在从句中均不作成分，只起连接作用；that无实义，whether表示“是否”。
连接代词 who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
连接副词 when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语等成分。
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it 作形式主语
句型1： It + be + 形容词 + that从句
It is clear that the girl told a lie.
It + be + necessary/ important/ crucial/ vital/ advisable/ urgent +that从句
当形容词表达“必要性、重要性、紧迫性”以及“建议，命令”等含义，从句的谓语动词使用虚拟语气（should)+ V原
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it 作形式主语
句型2： It +be + 名词(短语) + that从句
It is a pity that your parents didn’t allow you to go shopping.
It + be + ... suggestion/ proposal/ advice/demand/ order/ requirement/request +that从句
当主句的名词是“建议、要求、命令、主张”时，从句使用虚拟语气（should)+ V原
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it 作形式主语
句型3： It +be + 过去分词+ that从句
It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out.
It + be + suggested / proposed/ required/ requested/ demanded/ ordered/ insisted+ that
当主句的过去分词是“建议、要求、命令、主张”时，从句使用虚拟语气（should)+ V原
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it 作形式主语
句型4： It +特殊动词(seems/appears/happens/matters/occurred to/turned out/ came out )+ that从句
It seems that they have made the same mistake.
It came out that some government officials received money from the company.
It turned out that his brother died of a heart attack.
It occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend.
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1. Given the recent security holes, it is essential that every employee ______ a new, complex password immediately.
A.creates B.create C.will create D.is creating
2. Looking at the empty stadium now, it seems strange that such a famous match ______ here ten years ago.
A.was held B.be held C.would be held D.had been held
3. In the official guidelines, it is recommended that the medicine ______ with a full glass of water for best results.
A.is taken B.takes C.be taken D.will be taken
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主谓一致
1. 从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。
That he is late again (suprise) no one.
Whether they agree or not (do not)matter.
surprises
doesn’t
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主谓一致
2. what 引导的主语从句，谓语动词的数取决于what在从句中所指代的内容。
若what在从句中作主语，且指代单数意义，则主句谓语用单数。
若what 在从句中作主语，且指代复数意义，则主句谓语用复数。
What we need (be) more time.
What I want (be) details.
What she says and does (be) inspiring.
What she says and does (be) in complete contradiction.
is
are
is
are
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主谓一致
3. 当两个主语从句由and连接时，若表示两件事情，谓语常用复数。
What caused the accident and who was responsible for it (be) known.
are
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Task4: Fill in the blanks with proper linking words to form subject clauses.
1. learning a foreign language can develop students’ thinking ability is well accepted.
2. makes Tom so extraordinary is his rich imagination and his ability to express himself.
3. It is common knowledge the Earth is now the only planet in the solar system suitable to live on.
4. Did it ever occur to you she was telling a white lie
5. we feel about ourselves is sometimes affected by other people’s opinions.
That
What
that
that
How
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Task4: Fill in the blanks with proper linking words to form subject clauses.
6. there is life on other planets remains to be seen.
7. we should put the album is a problem.
8. It has not been decided yet we shall go on a trip to Japan.
9. the man broke into the car is not known, because he didn’t take any of the valuables inside.
10.We need to bear in mind that holds fast to dreams is more likely to succeed.
Whether
Where
whether
/ when
Why
whoever
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Task5: finish the article about the development of space exploration, using subject clauses.
(显然，在未来太空探索的发展过程中将会发生许多令人兴奋的事情。) I think manned space missions to Mars will happen in my lifetime and a permanent base on Mars will also be established. Hopefully, new energy sources will be developed, which will make space flight cheaper and faster. But (多久和多快）we advance in developing the required technology to do so depends on the collaboration between the many countries around the world. (有可能这项技术会是可用的在2040年前) and I am looking forward to that.
It is clear that many exciting things will happen in the development of space exploration in the future
It is possible that the technology will be available before 2040
how soon and how far

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