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Unit 8 Safe and sound 单词解析二
1.shout(动词/名词)呼喊叫
[用法讲解] shout还可为动词，译为"呼喊声，喊叫声".
Eg: He shouted his name.
他大声喊他的名字。
I heard a loud shout in the distance.
我听到远处传来一声大喊。
[常见搭配] shout for ... 为...喝彩
shout at ... 对着...大喊(带有生气，愤怒等负面情绪)
shout to ... 对...大声说话(没有生气或敌意)
shout out 大声说出
shout down 用喊叫声压倒
shout at the top of one's lungs 竭尽全力呼喊
Eg: The crowd shouted for the winner of the game.
人群为比赛的获胜者欢呼。
Don't shout at me! I can't understand you.
别对我大喊大叫!我听不懂。
He shouted to his friend across the street.
他向街对面的朋友大喊。
She shouted out the answer.
她大声说出了答案。
The crowd shouted down the speaker.
人群用喊叫声压倒了演讲者。
She shouted at the top of her lungs to warn them of the danger.
她竭尽全力呼喊以警告他们危险。
[即学即用]
( )The teacher shouted_____the students for not finishing homework.
A.at B.for C.to D.out
答案：A
2.fear(名词)恐惧，害怕
[用法讲解] fear还可为动词，译为"害怕，担心，忧虑".
Eg: I have a fear of heights.
我害怕高处。
There is a fear of a further increase in prices.
人们担心价格进一步上涨。
He fears the dark.
他害怕黑暗。
[常见搭配] have no fear 不要害怕，别担
for fear of...由于怕...，以防...
in fear of ... 害怕，担心
fear doing sth。害怕做某事
fear for ... 担心，忧虑
Eg: Now I have no fear.
现在我不害怕。
She avoided the topic for fear of offending him.
她避免了这个话题，以免冒犯他。
They worked in fear of being caught.
他们在害怕被抓的状态下工作。
He fears disappointing others.
他害怕让别人失望。
She felt fear for her son's safety.
她为儿子的安全担忧。
[派生词]fearful为形容词，译为"害怕的，担心的";
fearless为形容词，译为"无畏的".
Eg:Parents are ever fearful for their children.
父母总是为子女担忧。
Lu Xun is a fearless fighter.
鲁迅是一名无畏的战士。
[即学即用]
When you are________(fear), you can go a lot faster.
答案：fearless
3.direction(名词)方向
[用法讲解] direction为可数名词，其复数形式为directions.
Eg: The car sped off in the direction of the airport.
汽车朝机场方向疾驰而去。
The company is moving in a new direction.
公司正朝新方向发展。
The project was competed under the direction of an expert.
项目在专家的指导下完成。
[常见搭配] in all directions 四处，到处
under the direction of... 在...的指导下
directions to... 去...的路线
Eg: The railway station pours thousands of people in all directions.
成千上万的人从火车站走向四面八方。
The experiment was conducted under the direction of Professor Smith.
实验是在史密斯教授的指导下进行的。
Could you give me directions to the nearest hospital
你能告诉我去最近医院的路线吗
[派生词]director为名词，译为"导演，主管";
directive为名词，译为"指令，指示".
Eg: The director of the company made an important announcement.
公司主管发表了一项重要公告。
We received a new directive from headquarters.
我们收到了总部的新指令。
[即学即用]
子弹和炮弹到处乱飞。
The bullets and cannon - balls were flying______________.
答案：in all directions
4.brick(名词)砖
[用法讲解] brick为可数名词，其复数形式为bricks;brick还可为动词，译为"用砖砌".
Eg: The wall was built with red bricks.
这面墙是用红砖砌成的。
They are going to brick up the old window.
他们打算用砖把就窗户封起来。
[常见搭配] hit a brick wall 遭遇难以逾越的障碍
like a ton of bricks突如其来地
Eg: Negotiations hit a brick wall.
谈判陷入了僵局。
The news hit her like a ton of bricks.
这个消息对她来说犹如晴天霹雳。
[即学即用]
The wall is S1 made e of t thousands of________(brick).
答案：bricks
5.silent(形容词)安静的
[用法讲解] silent作形容词，还可译为"沉默的，不发音的，无声的".
Eg:The silent forest was filled with mystery.
安静的森林中充满了神秘。
He remained silent about the accident.
他对这次事故保持沉默。
The "b" in "lamb" is silent.
"lamb"中的"b"不发音。
[常见搭配] keep silent 保持沉默
be silent on/ about... 对...保持沉默
Eg: You should keep silent about this secret.
你应该对这个秘密保持沉默。
He was silent on his future plans.
他对自己的未来计划保持沉默。
[派生词] silence为名词，译为"沉默，寂静";
silently为副词，译为"静静地，默默地".
Eg: There was a long silence before he spoke.
他说话之前有一段长时间的沉默。
She left the room silently.
她静静地离开了房间。
[即学即用]
The room was__________(silence) except for the ticking of the clock.
答案：silent
6.if(连词)是否
[用法讲解]if译为"是否"，用来引导宾语从句，时态随实际情况而定；if为连词，还可译为"如果"，常常用来引导条件状语从句，遵循"主将从现"原则，即主句为将来时，从句为一般现在时。
Eg: I don't know if it will rain tomorrow.
我不知道明天是否下雨。
If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
如果明天下雨，我就呆在家里。
[即学即用]
( )1.If it________tomorrow, we________at home.
A.will rain; rain B.rains;stay
C. rains; will stay D. will rain; will stay
2.Do you know if he________(come) to our party tomorrow
答案：1.C 2.will come
7.nervous(形容词)焦虑的，胆怯的
[用法讲解] nervous在句中常作表语或定语。
Eg: I always feel nervous before an exam.
考试前我总是感到紧张。(作表语)
He is a nervous person and gets worried easily.
他是个容易紧张的人，很容易担心。(作定语)
[常见搭配] be nervous about ... 对...感到紧张
make sb. nervous 使某人紧张
Eg: She is nervous about flying.
她对坐飞机感到紧张。
The loud noise made me nervous.
那巨大的噪音让我紧张。
[派生词] nervously为副词，译为"紧张地".
Eg: He tapped nervously on the table.
他紧张地敲打桌子。
[即学即用]
1.I always feel n_________mood among the investors because of the unstable market.
2.他对工作面试感到紧张。
He was___________the job interview.
答案：1.nervous 2.nervous about
8.beat(动词)(使)规律作响或运动，用劲敲打
[用法讲解] beat作动词，还可译为"(心脏等)跳动，打败，搅拌，吹打，避免"，其过去式为 beat，过去分词为beat;beat还可为名词，译为"节拍，(鼓的)一击，管区".
Eg: Someone was beating at the door.
有人在敲门。
I felt my heart beating faster.
我感觉我的心跳得更快了。
Our team beat theirs in the basketball game.
在篮球比赛中，我们队打败了他们队。
Beat the eggs and sugar together until fluffy.
把鸡蛋和糖搅拌在一起，直到蓬松。
Rain was beating against the windows.
雨打在窗户上。
We need to beat the traffic if we want to arrive on time.
如果我们想按时到达，就得避开交通拥堵。
Dancers moved to the beat of the music.
舞者随着音乐的节拍舞动。
The drummer gave a strong beat.
鼓手重重地敲了一下鼓。
The officer is on his beat.
那位警察正在他的巡逻区执勤。
[常见搭配] beat about/ around the bush 拐弯抹角
beat the clock 赶时间
beat it 滚开，离开
Eg: Stop beating around the bush and tell me the truth.
别拐弯抹角了，告诉我真相。
We have to beat the clock to finish the project.
我们得赶时间完成这个项目。
Beat it! I don't want to see you here.
滚开!我不想在这儿看到你。
[派生词] beating为名词，译为"殴打，敲击声":
beatable为形容词，译为"可打败的".
Eg: He received a severe beating.
他遭到了严重殴打。
Our team is beatable.
我们队是有可能被打败的。
[易混辨析] beat与hit区别：
beat强调有节奏地，连续地击打，常与鼓，心脏等搭配，也可表示在比赛中打败对手；
hit侧重于一次性的，有力的击打，对象可以是各种事物。
Eg: The drummer beats the drum regularly.
鼓手有节奏地敲鼓。
He hit the ball hard.
他用力击球。
[即学即用]
He b_______ the drum loudly to attract attention.
答案：beat
9.say to oneself 暗想，自言自语
Eg: He said to himself, " I must finish this task today no matter how hard it is."
他心里想："不管有多难，我今天都必须完成这项任务。"
[即学即用]
当他看到这道难题时，他心里想："我得仔细想想怎么解决它".
When he saw the difficult problem, he____________," I look beautiful today."
答案：said to himself
10.calm(动词)(使)平静，(使)镇静
[用法讲解]calm在作形容词时，还可以为"无风的，镇静的，沉着的";calm还可为名词，译为"平静，镇静".
Eg: We enjoyed a calm day at the beach.
我们在海滩上度过了一个平静的日子。
We had a pleasant sail because the sea was calm.
我们航行得很愉快，因为海面很平静。
The mother tried to calm her crying baby.
母亲试图让哭闹的婴儿安静下来。
She lost her calm when she heard the bad news.
她听到这个坏消息时失去了镇定。
[常见搭配] in calm 处于平静状态
calm(sb.) down 使(某人)平静下来
stay calm 保持冷静
Eg: After the storm, the lake was in calm.
暴风雨过后，湖面一片平静。
The teacher calmed the excited students down before the exam.
考试前，老师让激动的学生们平静下来。
When faced with difficulties, we should stay calm.
面对困难时，我们应该保持冷静。
[即学即用]
深呼吸，平静下来。
Take a deep breath and____________.
答案：calm down
11.since(连词)因为，既然
[用法讲解]since为连词，用来引导原因状语从句；since为介词时，译为"自从...以来"，后面可接具体时间点，"一段时间+ago"或从句，常用于现在完成时中。
Eg:Since the weather is terrible, we'll cancel the picnic.
因为天气糟糕，我们取消了野餐。
I have been here since 1989.
自1989年起，我就一直在这里。
I have been here since five months ago.
我在这里已经五个月了。
Great changes have taken place since you left.
你走后，这里发生了巨大的变化。
[常见搭配] It is/ has been +一段时间 +since 从句
ever since 从那时起一直到现在
since then 从那时起
Eg: It has been years since I saw him.
我很多年没见过他了。
He moved to London in 2010 and has worked there ever since.
他2010年搬到伦敦，从那时起一直在那里工作。
Since then, the policy has been revised twice.
此后，该政策已修订两次。
[即学即用]
自那以后，我就一直在观望事情的发展。
_____________, I've been waiting on events.
答案：Since then
12.weak(形容词)虚弱的
[用法讲解] weak作形容词，还可译为"不牢固的，薄弱的，软弱的，淡的，不景气的"等。
Eg: She felt weak after the illness.
病后她感到虚弱。
The bridge is weak and may collapse.
这座桥不牢固，可能会倒塌。
He is weak in math.
他数学很差。
He has a weak will and is easily influenced.
他意志薄弱，容易受影响。
I like weak tea.
我喜欢淡茶。
The economy is weak now.
现在经济不景气。
[常见搭配] be weak in... 在...方面薄弱
be weak at ... 不擅长...
a weak point 弱点，软肋
Eg: I'm weak in sports.
我在体育方面很差。
He is weak at drawing.
他不擅长画画。
Identifying your weak points is the first step to improvement.
找出弱点是改进的第一步。
[派生词] weakness为名词，译为"弱点，缺陷";
weaken为动词，译为"使变弱，削弱".
Eg:Everyone has his own weakness.
每个人都有自己的弱点。
The disease has weakened his body.
疾病削弱了他的身体。
[即学即用]
1.I feel w________after skipping breakfast.
2.他不擅长公开演讲。
He is ____________public speaking.
答案：1.weak 2.weak in
13.voice(名词)嗓音，说话声，唱歌声
[用法讲解] voice指"某人的嗓音或说话的方式"时为可数名词，在泛指"声音或声响"时为不可数名词；voice还可为动词，译为"表达，吐露，发声".
Eg: She has a beautiful voice.
她有一副美妙的嗓音。
He voiced his concerns about the project.
他表达了对这个项目的担忧。
The bird can voice different sounds.
这只鸟能发出不同的声音。
[常见搭配] give voice to ... 表达，说出
with one voice 异口同声地，一致地
raise one's voice提高嗓门，大声说话
Eg: He gave voice to his fears about the future.
他表达了对未来的担忧。
The members of the committee agreed with one voice.
委员会成员一致同意。
She raised her voice to make herself heard in the noisy room.
她在嘈杂的房间里提高嗓门以便让别人听到。
[派生词] voiceless为形容词，译为"无声的，无声调的".
Eg: The voiceless letters in the word are often ignored.
单词不发音的字母常常被忽略。
[易混辨析] sound,voice与noise区别：
sound指自然界中所有的声音
voice指人说话的声音或悦耳的鸟叫
noise指让人不舒服的噪音
Eg: sound of music
音乐之声
That sounds great.
听起来不错。
The girl's voice is sweet。
这个女孩的声音很甜美。
Don't make noise, please。
请不要制造噪音。
[即学即用]
1.在辩论中，他提高嗓门以强调自己的观点。
During the debate, he_________ to emphasize his point.
( )2.My sister has a very beautiful_______.
A.sound B.noise C.voice
答案：1.raised his voice 2.C
14.except(介词)除...之外(=except for)
[用法讲解] except还可为动词，译为"不计，把...除外，反对"等，其后常接doing形式；except还可作连词，译为"只是，除非".
Eg:We work every day except Sunday.
我们除了星期天外每天都工作。
As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.
他年纪越来越大，除了喜欢园艺之外，对一切都失去了兴趣。
You will be punished, I can except no one.
你们都得受罚，任何人不能除外。
I'll take the job except if the pay is too low.
除非工资太低，否则我会接受这一工作。
[常见搭配] except for... 除了
Eg: The room was empty except for a chair.
除了椅子，房间空荡荡的。
[易混辨析] except,except for,besides区别：
except排除同类事物中的个体，强调"不包括";
except for对整体进行部分否定或修正，常用于非同类比较或美中不足的情况；
besides表示附加，译为"除了...之外".
Eg: All came except Tom.
除汤姆外都来了。
The essay is perfect except for typos.
除拼写错误外，文章完美。
Besides math, she studies physics.
除数学外，她还学物理。
[即学即用]
( )Everyone is here_____Xiao Wang and me.
A.except B.besides C.except for D.beside
答案：A
15.smoke(名词)烟
[用法讲解] smoke为不可数名词；smoke还可为动词，译为"吸烟，冒烟".
Eg: There is a lot of smoke coming from the chimney.
从烟囱里冒出很多烟。
He smokes a pack of cigarettes a day.
他一天抽一包香烟。
[常见搭配] no smoke without fire 无风不起浪
a puff of smoke 一缕烟
smoke alarm 烟雾报警器
Eg: There are rumors about him, and no smoke without fire.
有关于他的谣言，无风不起浪嘛。
The train disappeared in a puff of smoke.
火车消失在一缕烟中。
The smoke alarm went off when she burned the toast.
她烤焦面包中烟雾报警器响了。
[派生词] smoky为形容词，译为"烟雾弥漫的，烟熏味的";
smoker为名词，译为"吸烟者".
Eg:The smoky flavor of the barbecue was delicious.
烧烤的烟熏味很美味。
Many public places have banned smokers.
许多公共场所禁止吸烟者进入。
[即学即用]
The s________ from the fire was visible from miles away.
答案：smoke
16.burn(动词)(使)烧毁，烧伤
[用法讲解] burn作动词，还可译为"发热，发光，铭记"，其过去式为burned/burnt，过去分词为burned/burnt;burn还可为名词，译为"烧伤，火".
Eg: The fire burnt brightly.
火熊熊燃烧。
The old house burnt down in the fire.
那座老房子在大火中被烧毁了。
She burned her hand on the hot stove.
她被热炉子烫伤了手。
His eyes burnt with anger.
他因愤怒而双眼冒火。
The experience burned itself into his memory.
这段经历深深地印在了他的记忆里。
He got a burn on his arm.
他的手臂上有一处烧伤。
The fire died down to a few embers and a weak burn.
火势减弱，只剩下几块余烬和微弱的火焰。
[常见搭配] burn the midnight oil 熬夜
burn oneself out 筋疲力尽
burn down 烧毁，烧光
burn up 烧尽，消耗
burn out 耗尽精力
burn off 燃烧掉(脂肪，卡路里)；蒸发(液体)
Eg: He often burns the midnight oil to prepare for exams.
他经常熬夜准备考试。
After working non - stop for weeks, she burned herself out.
连续几周不间断地工作后，她筋疲力尽了。
The old house burned down in the fire.
那座老房子在火灾中被烧毁了。
The fire burned up all the wood.
火把所有的木头都烧尽了。
The light bulb burned out after hours of use.
灯泡用了几小时后烧坏了。
He burns off calories by running every morning.
他每天早上跑步燃烧卡路里。
[即学即用]
( )She's burned______from working too hard.
A.down B.up C.out D. off
答案：C
17.put out 扑灭，熄灭
[用法讲解] put out还可译为"出版发行内容，造成他人困扰"等。
Eg: The firemen quickly put out the fire.
消防员迅速扑灭了火灾。
He put out his hand to shake mine.
他伸出他的手来和我握手。
The company put out a new book last month.
上个月这家公司出版了一本新书。
I'm sorry to put you out, but could you help me with this box
很抱歉打扰你，但你能帮我搬这个箱子吗
[put常见搭配] put down 放下
put on 穿上
put off 推迟
put up 张贴，搭建
put away 放好
Eg: After two rings, I put down the phone.
响了两声后，我放下了电话。
He put on his coat and went to work.
他穿上外套去上班。
We decided to put off the meeting because of the weather.
由于天气原因，我们决定推迟会议。
He put up some posts on the wall.
他把一些海报贴在墙上。
Please put away your toys after playing.
玩完之后请把玩具收好。
[即学即用]
( )It took two hours to _______- the fire.
A.put up B. put out
C.put off D. put away
答案：B
18.heavily(副词)大量地
[用法讲解] heavily为副词时还可译为"沉重 地，猛烈地，悲伤地".
Eg: He relies heavily on his parents for financial support.
他在经济上严重依赖父母。
The box fell heavily to the ground.
箱子重重地掉到了地上。
He sighed heavily, filled with sorrow.
他沉重地叹了口气，满心悲伤。
[派生词] heavy为形容词，译为"重的，沉重的";
heaviness为名词，译为"沉重，繁重".
Eg:This is a heavy box.
这是一个沉重的箱子。
The heaviness of the workload
工作量的繁重.
[即学即用]
She__________(heavy) decorated her room with colorful balloons and streamers for the party.
答案：heavily
19.guess(动词)猜测，估计
[用法讲解] guess还可为可数名词，译为"猜想，推测"，其复数形式为guesses.
Eg:Can you guess the answer
你能猜出答案吗
I guessed her age wrong.
我猜错了她的年龄。
My guess is he'll arrive late.
我猜他会迟到。
[常见搭配] take a guess 猜猜看
Guess what 用于引出令人惊讶或有趣的信息
Eg:Take a guess how much it costs.
猜猜看它要多少钱
Guess what I passed the exam.
猜猜看 我考试通过了!
[即学即用]
I g_______that he forgot the meeting.
答案：guess
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共60张PPT)
Unit 8 Safe and sound
八年级
译林版2024
上
单词解析二
1.shout(动词/名词)呼喊叫
[用法讲解]shout还可为动词，译为"呼喊声，喊叫声".
Eg: He shouted his name.
他大声喊他的名字。
I heard a loud shout in the distance.
我听到远处传来一声大喊。
[常见搭配]shout for ...为...喝彩
shout at ...对着...大喊(带有生气，愤怒等负面情绪)
shout to ...对...大声说话(没有生气或敌意)
shout out大声说出
shout down用喊叫声压倒
shout at the top of one's lungs竭尽全力呼喊
Eg: The crowd shouted for the winner of the game.
人群为比赛的获胜者欢呼。
Don't shout at me! I can't understand you.
别对我大喊大叫!我听不懂。
He shouted to his friend across the street.
他向街对面的朋友大喊。
She shouted out the answer.
她大声说出了答案。
The crowd shouted down the speaker.
人群用喊叫声压倒了演讲者。
She shouted at the top of her lungs to warn them of the danger.
她竭尽全力呼喊以警告他们危险。
[即学即用]
( )The teacher shouted_____the students for not finishing homework.
A.at B.for C.to D.out
A
2.fear(名词)恐惧，害怕
[用法讲解]fear还可为动词，译为"害怕，担心，忧虑".
Eg: I have a fear of heights.
我害怕高处。
There is a fear of a further increase in prices.
人们担心价格进一步上涨。
He fears the dark.
他害怕黑暗。
[常见搭配]have no fear不要害怕，别担
for fear of...由于怕...，以防...
in fear of ...害怕，担心
fear doing sth。害怕做某事
fear for ...担心，忧虑
Eg: Now I have no fear.
现在我不害怕。
She avoided the topic for fear of offending him.
她避免了这个话题，以免冒犯他。
They worked in fear of being caught.
他们在害怕被抓的状态下工作。
He fears disappointing others.
他害怕让别人失望。
She felt fear for her son's safety.
她为儿子的安全担忧。
[派生词]fearful为形容词，译为"害怕的，担心的";
fearless为形容词，译为"无畏的".
Eg:Parents are ever fearful for their children.
父母总是为子女担忧。
Lu Xun is a fearless fighter.
鲁迅是一名无畏的战士。
[即学即用]
When you are________(fear), you can go a lot faster.
fearless
3.direction(名词)方向
[用法讲解]direction为可数名词，其复数形式为directions.
Eg: The car sped off in the direction of the airport.
汽车朝机场方向疾驰而去。
The company is moving in a new direction.
公司正朝新方向发展。
Theproject was competed under the direction of an expert.
项目在专家的指导下完成。
[常见搭配]in all directions四处，到处
under the direction of...在...的指导下
directions to...去...的路线
Eg: The railway station pours thousands of people in all directions.
成千上万的人从火车站走向四面八方。
The experiment was conducted under the direction of Professor Smith.
实验是在史密斯教授的指导下进行的。
Could you give me directions to the nearest hospital
你能告诉我去最近医院的路线吗
[派生词]director为名词，译为"导演，主管";
directive为名词，译为"指令，指示".
Eg: The director of the company made an important announcement.
公司主管发表了一项重要公告。
We received a newdirectivefrom headquarters.
我们收到了总部的新指令。
[即学即用]
子弹和炮弹到处乱飞。
The bullets and cannon - balls were flying______________.
in all directions
4.brick(名词)砖
[用法讲解]brick为可数名词，其复数形式为bricks;brick还可为动词，译为"用砖砌".
Eg: The wall was built with red bricks.
这面墙是用红砖砌成的。
They are going to brick up the old window.
他们打算用砖把就窗户封起来。
[常见搭配]hit a brick wall遭遇难以逾越的障碍
like a ton of bricks突如其来地
Eg: Negotiations hit a brick wall.
谈判陷入了僵局。
The news hit her like a ton of bricks.
这个消息对她来说犹如晴天霹雳。
[即学即用]
The wall is S1 made e of t thousands of________(brick).
bricks
5.silent(形容词)安静的
[用法讲解]silent作形容词，还可译为"沉默的，不发音的，无声的".
Eg:The silentforest was filled with mystery.
安静的森林中充满了神秘。
He remained silent about the accident.
他对这次事故保持沉默。
The "b" in "lamb" is silent.
"lamb"中的"b"不发音。
[常见搭配] keep silent保持沉默
be silent on/ about...对...保持沉默
Eg: You should keep silent about this secret.
你应该对这个秘密保持沉默。
He was silent on his future plans.
他对自己的未来计划保持沉默。
[派生词] silence为名词，译为"沉默，寂静";
silently为副词，译为"静静地，默默地".
Eg: There was a long silence before he spoke.
他说话之前有一段长时间的沉默。
She left the room silently.
她静静地离开了房间。
[即学即用]
The room was__________(silence) exceptfor the ticking of the clock.
silent
6.if(连词)是否
[用法讲解]if译为"是否"，用来引导宾语从句，时态随实际情况而定；if为连词，还可译为"如果"，常常用来引导条件状语从句，遵循"主将从现"原则，即主句为将来时，从句为一般现在时。
Eg: I don't know if it will rain tomorrow.
我不知道明天是否下雨。
If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
如果明天下雨，我就呆在家里。
[即学即用]
( )1.If it________tomorrow, we________at home.
A.will rain; rain B.rains;stay
C. rains; will stay D. will rain; will stay
2.Do you know if he________(come) to our party tomorrow
C
will come
7.nervous(形容词)焦虑的，胆怯的
[用法讲解]nervous在句中常作表语或定语。
Eg: I always feel nervous before an exam.
考试前我总是感到紧张。(作表语)
He is a nervous person and gets worried easily.
他是个容易紧张的人，很容易担心。(作定语)
[常见搭配]be nervous about ...对...感到紧张
make sb. nervous使某人紧张
Eg: She is nervous about flying.
她对坐飞机感到紧张。
The loud noise made me nervous.
那巨大的噪音让我紧张。
[派生词]nervously为副词，译为"紧张地".
Eg: He tapped nervously on the table.
他紧张地敲打桌子。
[即学即用]
1.I always feel n_________mood among the investors because of the unstable market.
2.他对工作面试感到紧张。
He was___________the job interview.
ervous
nervous about
8.beat(动词)(使)规律作响或运动，用劲敲打
[用法讲解] beat作动词，还可译为"(心脏等)跳动，打败，搅拌，吹打，避免"，其过去式为 beat，过去分词为beat;beat还可为名词，译为"节拍，(鼓的)一击，管区".
Eg: Someone was beating at the door.
有人在敲门。
I felt my heart beating faster.
我感觉我的心跳得更快了。
Our team beat theirs in the basketball game.
在篮球比赛中，我们队打败了他们队。
Beat the eggs and sugar together until fluffy.
把鸡蛋和糖搅拌在一起，直到蓬松。
Rain was beating against the windows.
雨打在窗户上。
We need to beat the traffic if we want to arrive on time.
如果我们想按时到达，就得避开交通拥堵。
Dancers moved to the beat of the music.
舞者随着音乐的节拍舞动。
The drummer gave a strong beat.
鼓手重重地敲了一下鼓。
The officer is on his beat.
那位警察正在他的巡逻区执勤。
[常见搭配]beat about/ around the bush拐弯抹角
beat the clock赶时间
beat it滚开，离开
Eg: Stop beating around the bush and tell me the truth.
别拐弯抹角了，告诉我真相。
We have to beat the clock to finish the project.
我们得赶时间完成这个项目。
Beat it! I don't want to see you here.
滚开!我不想在这儿看到你。
[派生词] beating为名词，译为"殴打，敲击声":
beatable为形容词，译为"可打败的".
Eg: He received a severe beating.
他遭到了严重殴打。
Our team is beatable.
我们队是有可能被打败的。
[易混辨析] beat与hit区别：
beat强调有节奏地，连续地击打，常与鼓，心脏等搭配，也可表示在比赛中打败对手；
hit侧重于一次性的，有力的击打，对象可以是各种事物。
Eg: The drummer beats the drum regularly.
鼓手有节奏地敲鼓。
He hit the ball hard.
他用力击球。
[即学即用]
He b_______ the drum loudly to attract attention.
eat
9.say to oneself 暗想，自言自语
Eg: He said to himself, " I must finish this task today no matter how hard it is."
他心里想："不管有多难，我今天都必须完成这项任务。"
[即学即用]
当他看到这道难题时，他心里想："我得仔细想想怎么解决它".
When he saw the difficult problem, he____________," I look beautifultoday."
said to himself
10.calm(动词)(使)平静，(使)镇静
[用法讲解]calm在作形容词时，还可以为"无风的，镇静的，沉着的";calm还可为名词，译为"平静，镇静".
Eg: We enjoyed a calm day at the beach.
我们在海滩上度过了一个平静的日子。
We had a pleasant sail because the sea was calm.
我们航行得很愉快，因为海面很平静。
The mother tried to calm her crying baby.
母亲试图让哭闹的婴儿安静下来。
She lost her calm when she heard the bad news.
她听到这个坏消息时失去了镇定。
[常见搭配]in calm处于平静状态
calm(sb.) down使(某人)平静下来
stay calm保持冷静
Eg: After the storm, the lake was in calm.
暴风雨过后，湖面一片平静。
Theteacher calmed the excited students down before the exam.
考试前，老师让激动的学生们平静下来。
When faced with difficulties, we should stay calm.
面对困难时，我们应该保持冷静。
[即学即用]
深呼吸，平静下来。
Take a deep breath and____________.
calm down
11.since(连词)因为，既然
[用法讲解]since为连词，用来引导原因状语从句；since为介词时，译为"自从...以来"，后面可接具体时间点，"一段时间+ago"或从句，常用于现在完成时中。
Eg:Since the weather is terrible, we'll cancel the picnic.
因为天气糟糕，我们取消了野餐。
I have been here since 1989.
自1989年起，我就一直在这里。
I have been here since five months ago.
我在这里已经五个月了。
Great changes have taken place since you left.
你走后，这里发生了巨大的变化。
[常见搭配]It is/ has been +一段时间 +since从句
ever since从那时起一直到现在
since then从那时起
Eg: It has been years since I saw him.
我很多年没见过他了。
He moved to London in 2010 and has worked there ever since.
他2010年搬到伦敦，从那时起一直在那里工作。
Since then, the policy has been revised twice.
此后，该政策已修订两次。
[即学即用]
自那以后，我就一直在观望事情的发展。
_____________, I've been waiting on events.
Since then
12.weak(形容词)虚弱的
[用法讲解]weak作形容词，还可译为"不牢固的，薄弱的，软弱的，淡的，不景气的"等。
Eg: She felt weak after the illness.
病后她感到虚弱。
The bridge is weak and may collapse.
这座桥不牢固，可能会倒塌。
He is weak in math.
他数学很差。
He has a weak will and is easily influenced.
他意志薄弱，容易受影响。
I like weak tea.
我喜欢淡茶。
The economy is weak now.
现在经济不景气。
[常见搭配]be weak in...在...方面薄弱
be weak at ...不擅长...
a weak point弱点，软肋
Eg: I'm weak in sports.
我在体育方面很差。
He is weak at drawing.
他不擅长画画。
Identifying your weak points is the first step to improvement.
找出弱点是改进的第一步。
[派生词]weakness为名词，译为"弱点，缺陷";
weaken为动词，译为"使变弱，削弱".
Eg:Everyone has his own weakness.
每个人都有自己的弱点。
The disease has weakened his body.
疾病削弱了他的身体。
[即学即用]
1.I feel w________after skipping breakfast.
2.他不擅长公开演讲。
He is ____________public speaking.
eak
weak in
13.voice(名词)嗓音，说话声，唱歌声
[用法讲解] voice指"某人的嗓音或说话的方式"时为可数名词，在泛指"声音或声响"时为不可数名词；voice还可为动词，译为"表达，吐露，发声".
Eg: She has a beautiful voice.
她有一副美妙的嗓音。
He voiced his concerns about the project.
他表达了对这个项目的担忧。
The bird can voice different sounds.
这只鸟能发出不同的声音。
[常见搭配]give voice to ...表达，说出
with one voice异口同声地，一致地
raise one's voice提高嗓门，大声说话
Eg: He gave voice to his fears about the future.
他表达了对未来的担忧。
The members of the committee agreed with one voice.
委员会成员一致同意。
She raised her voice to make herself heard in the noisy room.
她在嘈杂的房间里提高嗓门以便让别人听到。
[派生词]voiceless为形容词，译为"无声的，无声调的".
Eg: The voiceless letters in the word are often ignored.
单词不发音的字母常常被忽略。
[易混辨析] sound,voice与noise区别：
sound指自然界中所有的声音
voice指人说话的声音或悦耳的鸟叫
noise指让人不舒服的噪音
Eg: sound of music
音乐之声
That sounds great.
听起来不错。
The girl's voice is sweet。
这个女孩的声音很甜美。
Don't make noise, please。
请不要制造噪音。
[即学即用]
1.在辩论中，他提高嗓门以强调自己的观点。
During the debate, he_________ to emphasize his point.
( )2.My sister has a very beautiful_______.
A.sound B.noise C.voice
raised his voice
C
14.except(介词)除...之外(=except for)
[用法讲解] except还可为动词，译为"不计，把...除外，反对"等，其后常接doing形式；except还可作连词，译为"只是，除非".
Eg:We work every day except Sunday.
我们除了星期天外每天都工作。
As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.
他年纪越来越大，除了喜欢园艺之外，对一切都失去了兴趣。
You will be punished, I can except no one.
你们都得受罚，任何人不能除外。
I'll take the job except if the pay is too low.
除非工资太低，否则我会接受这一工作。
[常见搭配]except for... 除了
Eg: The room was empty except for a chair.
除了椅子，房间空荡荡的。
[易混辨析]except,except for,besides区别：
except排除同类事物中的个体，强调"不包括";
except for对整体进行部分否定或修正，常用于非同类比较或美中不足的情况；
besides表示附加，译为"除了...之外".
Eg: All came except Tom.
除汤姆外都来了。
The essay is perfect except for typos.
除拼写错误外，文章完美。
Besides math, she studies physics.
除数学外，她还学物理。
[即学即用]
( )Everyone is here_____Xiao Wang and me.
A.except B.besides C.except for D.beside
A
15.smoke(名词)烟
[用法讲解]smoke为不可数名词；smoke还可为动词，译为"吸烟，冒烟".
Eg: There is a lot of smoke coming from the chimney.
从烟囱里冒出很多烟。
He smokes a pack of cigarettes a day.
他一天抽一包香烟。
[常见搭配]no smoke without fire无风不起浪
a puff of smoke一缕烟
smoke alarm烟雾报警器
Eg: There are rumors about him, and no smoke without fire.
有关于他的谣言，无风不起浪嘛。
The train disappeared in a puff of smoke.
火车消失在一缕烟中。
The smoke alarm went off when she burned the toast.
她烤焦面包中烟雾报警器响了。
[派生词]smoky为形容词，译为"烟雾弥漫的，烟熏味的";
smoker为名词，译为"吸烟者".
Eg:The smoky flavor of the barbecue was delicious.
烧烤的烟熏味很美味。
Many public places have banned smokers.
许多公共场所禁止吸烟者进入。
[即学即用]
The s________ from the fire was visible from miles away.
moke
16.burn(动词)(使)烧毁，烧伤
[用法讲解] burn作动词，还可译为"发热，发光，铭记"，其过去式为burned/burnt，过去分词为burned/burnt;burn还可为名词，译为"烧伤，火".
Eg: The fire burnt brightly.
火熊熊燃烧。
The old house burnt down in the fire.
那座老房子在大火中被烧毁了。
She burned her hand on the hot stove.
她被热炉子烫伤了手。
His eyes burnt with anger.
他因愤怒而双眼冒火。
The experience burneditself into his memory.
这段经历深深地印在了他的记忆里。
He got a burn on his arm.
他的手臂上有一处烧伤。
The fire died down to a few embers and a weak burn.
火势减弱，只剩下几块余烬和微弱的火焰。
[常见搭配] burn the midnight oil熬夜
burn oneself out筋疲力尽
burn down烧毁，烧光
burn up烧尽，消耗
burn out耗尽精力
burn off燃烧掉(脂肪，卡路里)；蒸发(液体)
Eg: He often burns the midnight oil to prepare for exams.
他经常熬夜准备考试。
After working non - stop for weeks, she burned herself out.
连续几周不间断地工作后，她筋疲力尽了。
The old house burned down in the fire.
那座老房子在火灾中被烧毁了。
The fire burned up all the wood.
火把所有的木头都烧尽了。
The light bulb burned out after hours of use.
灯泡用了几小时后烧坏了。
He burns off calories by running every morning.
他每天早上跑步燃烧卡路里。
[即学即用]
( )She's burned______from working too hard.
A.down B.up C.out D. off
C
17.put out 扑灭，熄灭
[用法讲解] put out还可译为"出版发行内容，造成他人困扰"等。
Eg: The firemen quickly put out the fire.
消防员迅速扑灭了火灾。
He put out his hand to shake mine.
他伸出他的手来和我握手。
The company put out a new book last month.
上个月这家公司出版了一本新书。
I'm sorry to put you out, but could you help me with this box
很抱歉打扰你，但你能帮我搬这个箱子吗
[put常见搭配]put down放下
put on穿上
put off推迟
put up张贴，搭建
put away放好
Eg: After two rings, I put down the phone.
响了两声后，我放下了电话。
He put on his coat and went to work.
他穿上外套去上班。
We decided to put off the meeting because of the weather.
由于天气原因，我们决定推迟会议。
He put up some posts on the wall.
他把一些海报贴在墙上。
Please put away your toys after playing.
玩完之后请把玩具收好。
[即学即用]
( )It took two hours to _______- the fire.
A.put up B. put out
C.put off D. put away
B
18.heavily(副词)大量地
[用法讲解]heavily为副词时还可译为"沉重地，猛烈地，悲伤地".
Eg: He relies heavily on his parents for financial support.
他在经济上严重依赖父母。
The box fell heavily to the ground.
箱子重重地掉到了地上。
He sighed heavily, filled with sorrow.
他沉重地叹了口气，满心悲伤。
[派生词] heavy为形容词，译为"重的，沉重的";
heaviness为名词，译为"沉重，繁重".
Eg:This is a heavy box.
这是一个沉重的箱子。
The heaviness of the workload
工作量的繁重.
[即学即用]
She__________(heavy) decorated her room with colorful balloons and streamers for the party.
heavily
19.guess(动词)猜测，估计
[用法讲解] guess还可为可数名词，译为"猜想，推测"，其复数形式为guesses.
Eg:Can you guess the answer
你能猜出答案吗
I guessed her age wrong.
我猜错了她的年龄。
My guess is he'll arrive late.
我猜他会迟到。
[常见搭配]take a guess猜猜看
Guess what 用于引出令人惊讶或有趣的信息
Eg:Take a guess how much it costs.
猜猜看它要多少钱
Guess what I passed the exam.
猜猜看 我考试通过了!
[即学即用]
I g_______that he forgot the meeting.
uess
Thanks!
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