资源简介

Unit 6 Wisdom counts
沪教牛津版八年级上册
Key question
主题范畴：人与社会
What common features do ancient stories have?
Section 4
Focusing on culture
聚焦文化
Do you know any Chinese ancient stories about wisdom?
Do you know a famous book that tells stories about these characters?
Lead-in
Background information
Notes
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a classical novel written by Luo Guanzhong. The novel starts at the end of the Han dynasty, and it tells the story of the wars between the kingdoms of Cao Wei, Shu Han and Sun Wu.
蜀：关羽、张飞、诸葛亮、赵云等
魏：司马懿、郭嘉、典韦、夏侯惇等
吴：鲁肃、周瑜、陆逊、甘宁等
There are many famous stories in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and some of them are about wisdom. Which ones do you know?
Warm-up
Make a guess: What is the story about?
Arrows borrowed from an enemy
thick fog
arrows
straw men
Zhou Yu
Pre-reading
New words
enemy /'en?mi/
fail /fe?l/
therefore /'?e?f??(r)/
within /w?'??n/
fill /f?l/
towards /t?'w??dz/
attack /?'t?k/
fog /f?ɡ/
n. 敌人
v. 失败；未能（做到）
adv. 因此；所以
prep. 在（某段时间）之内
v. （使）充满;（使）装满
prep. 向；朝；对着
n. 袭击；攻击
n. 雾
嫉妒
装满；充满
New phrases
be jealous of
be full of
Read a story from Romance of the Three Kingdoms and find out the wisdom behind it.
阅读《三国演义》中的一个故事，了解其背后的智慧。
Reading
This is a story about two wise men—Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu. It is one of the most famous stories from Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang and wanted him to fail. Therefore, he asked Zhuge Liang to make 100,000 arrows within ten days. “No problem,” Zhuge Liang said. “I’ll bring you 100,000 arrows in three days.”
Zhou Yu couldn’t believe his ears—it was an impossible task. “Zhuge Liang won’t be able to do this!” he thought.
Zhuge Liang did nothing on the first two days. In the early morning of the third day, he asked his soldiers to fill 20 large boats with straw men. The soldiers then sailed the boats towards the camps of Cao Cao’s army on the other side of the river. The soldiers shouted and beat their drums loudly.
Arrows borrowed from an enemy
When Cao Cao’s soldiers heard the sounds, they thought they were under attack. However, they could not see through the thick fog on the river. Cao Cao ordered his soldiers to shoot arrows towards the sounds of the drums and the shouting. Zhuge Liang’s boats were soon full of arrows.
Zhuge Liang’s soldiers then turned the boats around and shouted, “Thank you for your arrows, Cao Cao.” Zhuge Liang took all these arrows to Zhou Yu. There were more than 100,000 of them.
Story
Arrows borrowed from an enemy

Beginning
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Middle

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End
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Time order
Setting the scene
Characters:
Place:
Time:
Background:
Read the story and complete the story map.
Zhou Yu asked Zhuge Liang to make 100,000 arrows within ten days. Zhuge Liang promised to finish the task within 3 days.
On the third day, Zhuge Liang ordered his soldiers to fill 20 boats with straw men and sailed them towards Cao Cao’s camp. Cao Cao thought they were under attack and ordered his soldiers to shoot arrows at the boats.
Zhuge Liang took all these arrows to Zhou Yu. There were more than 100,000 of them.
Zhou Yu, Zhuge Liang and Cao Cao
By the Yangtze River, near Chibi
During the Battle of Chibi
Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang and hoped to see him fail.
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Beginning
Middle
End
Put the following events into the right boxes (beginning / middle / end).
Zhuge Liang’s soldiers sailed the boats towards Cao Cao’s camp.
Cao Cao’s soldiers thought they were under attack.
Zhuge Liang’s soldiers shouted and beat their drums loudly.
Zhuge Liang asked his soldiers to fill 20 large boats with many straw men.
Cao Cao’s soldiers shot arrows towards the boats.
Zhuge Liang took all the arrows to Zhou Yu.
Zhou Yu asked Zhuge Liang to make 100,000 arrows within ten days.
g
d a c b e
f
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a classical novel written by Luo Guanzhong. The novel starts at the end of the Han dynasty, and it tells the story of the wars between the kingdoms of Caowei, Shu Han and Sun Wu.
Notes
2 One of Cao Cao’s soldiers told the story to his family. Complete
his story below with the information from the story on page 94.
In the early morning that day, most of us were sleeping in our camps. Suddenly, we heard some loud noises from the river. We quickly got up and went to look. ...
In the early morning that day, most of us were sleeping in our camps. Suddenly, we heard some loud noises from the river. We quickly got up and went to look.
The river was covered in thick fog, so we couldn’t see anything. We only heard the sounds of drums and shouts. They were getting closer. It seemed like a lot of enemy ships were coming our way.
“The enemy is attacking!” our commander yelled. We began shooting arrows towards the enemy boats.
“Keep shooting!” he ordered. My hands shook — how many enemies were there?
Finally, the fog lifted. The enemy boats were empty! There were only straw men on board.
Then we heard someone shouting from the other side of the river, “Thank you for your arrows, Cao Cao.”
We were both angry and surprised, but there was nothing we could do. We just stood there, looking at the empty river.
3 Find the words in the story and match them with their meanings.
(1) enemy (title)
(2) fail (line 3)
(3) therefore (line 3)
(4) attack (line 15)
(5) fog (line 15)
a thick clouds at groud level
b for that reason
c a person or army someone is
fighting against
d to not succeed in achieving
something
e an act of trying to hunt or kill
somebody
Do you know any other stories from Romance of the Three Kingdoms? Choose one and share it with your classmates.
Which character from Romance of the Three Kingdoms do you like best? Why?
The Battle of Chibi
赤壁之战
The empty fort strategy
空城计
The War of Words
舌战群儒
The Chain of Tricks
王允连环计
Post-reading
Your ideas
To learn more about famous stories from the ancient world, you can read stories from China’s Four Great Classical Novels: Water Margin, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West, and The Dream of the Red Chamber.
Exploring more
Phrases
Find out the phrases from P94.
1. 嫉妒 ____________________
2. 装满；充满 ____________________
3. 一项不可能完成的任务 ____________________
4. 在清晨 ____________________
5. 用……装满/填充 ____________________
6. 在……的另一边 ____________________
7. 受到攻击 __________________
8. 把……转过来 __________________
be jealous of
be full of
an impossible task
in the early morning
fill ... with ...
on the other side of
be under attack
turn … around
Language points
这个图书馆是我们学校最安静的地方之一。
This library is _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ in our
school.
1. It is one of the most famous stories from Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
句意：它是《三国演义》中最著名的故事之一。
即学即练
“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”是英语中最高级的固定搭配，表示“……是……中最……之一”。当它与谓语动词连用时，谓语动词应采用单数形式。
one of the quietest places
2. …, he asked his soldiers to fill 20 large boats with straws men.
句意：……，他让士兵们在20条大船上装满了稻草人。
★ “ask sb. to do sth.”意为“要求某人做某事”。
★ “fill ... with ...”意为“用……装满……”。
即学即练
1. 他们已经多次邀请我加入他们的团队了。
They have _____ me _____ _____ their team many times.
2. 在我们开始长途驾驶前，给车加满油。
_____ the car _____ gas before we start our long drive.
asked to join
Fill with
Practice makes perfect!
I. 根据首字母提示写单词，完成句子。
1. The city came under a______ from enemy forces last night.
2. This book is too difficult for me. T________, I will choose
an easier one.
3. Because of the heavy f_____. I can’t see the road clearly.
4. The boat is sailing t________ the island.
5. He f_____ the history exam because he didn’t study.
6. Too much smartphone time is the e_____ of good sleep.
ttack
herefore
og
owards
ailed
nemy
II.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
7. 司机把车调了个头，原路返回。
The driver _______ the car _______ and went back the way he came.
8. 这个小男孩很嫉妒新出生的宝宝，因为他得到了所有的关注。
The little boy _______ _______ _______ the new baby because he got all the attention.
9. 我们需要一大早起床去赶火车。
We need to get up _______ _______ _______ _______ to catch the train.
turned around
was jealous of
in the early morning
10. 听到这个消息后，他充满了愤怒。
He ______ ______ _____ anger after hearing the news.
11. 我们的电脑系统正遭到黑客的攻击。
Our computer system is ______ ______ from hackers.
12. 我妈妈让我在野餐前把瓶子装满热水。
My mother ______ me ______ ______ the bottle ______ hot water before the picnic.
13. 给我的猫洗澡是不可能的任务。她一看到水就跑掉！
Giving my cat a bath is ______ ______ _____. She runs away as soon as she sees water!
was full of
under attack
asked to fill with
an impossible task
Cross-curricular connection History
跨学科链接 历史
How can we know whether an ancient story is true or not? With the help of different types of sources, historians do detective work to discover the truth.
我们如何判断一个古代故事的真假呢？在不同类型资料的帮助下，历史学家们像侦探一样去探寻真相。
Cross-curricular connection History
1 Read the article and find out how historians study different types of evidence.
Studying evidence from the past
When historians study ancient times, they work
with archaeologists to uncover clues from the past.
Archaeological evidence helps historians imagine
what life was like in earlier eras. By comparing
this evidence with old stories, they figure out
which parts might be true. Tools, coins, clothes,
and other artefacts found at ancient sites offer
insights into how people lived back then.
Exploring history: piecing the puzzle together
Studying written sources
The biggest part of a historian’s work is studying documents from the past. Documents can tell us what people did, said and thought at the time. Examples include:
? Official government documents
? Personal documents, such as diaries, letters, notebooks and photos
Old documents do not always provide correct information, so historians need to compare different documents to find out what really happened.
Using new technology
Carbon-dating Carbon-dating is a way of confirming the age of things like paper, wood, etc. Historians can use it to check whether a document is real or not.
DNA evidence In 2012, historians and archaeologists worked together to find the grave of Richard III of England. They used DNA from the king’s relatives to confirm the discovery. DNA can help historians learn more about the family trees of historical figures.
carbon-dating: 碳定年法；碳年代测定法。它是一种通过测量含碳物质中放射性碳-14的衰变程度来确定其年代的科学方法，常被用于考古学和地质学等领域以推断古代遗物或地质样本的年龄。
DNA: 脱氧核糖核酸。它是一种存在于细胞核中的双螺旋结构的生物大分子，承载着生物体的遗传信息，决定了生物体的发育、功能和特征。
Background information
— How many different types of
evidence are mentioned in this
article?
— How do historians and
archaeologists work together?
— Why do historians need to
compare different documents?
— How does carbon-dating help
historians?
Discuss
Which way of studying history do you think is the most important? Why?
What other methods do historians use to learn about the past?
Do you think historians do important work? Why or why not?
What qualities should a good historian have?
Other methods that historians use to learn about history:
Analysing oral traditions
Myths and legends
Oral histories
Researching art and architecture
Paintings and sculptures
Architectural works
Making comparisons
Comparing different cultures / places in the same time period, or comparing the same culture / place in different time periods
Project 项目
Acting out a famous ancient story
In this project, you will work in groups to introduce an ancient story about wisdom and act out one of the scenes from it.
Step 1 In groups, brainstorm different ancient stories and
choose one. Do some research and then make an
outline of the story together.
Step 2 Write a brief introduction to the story together.
Step 3 Choose one scene. Then write a script.

When writing a script, remember to include stage directions, physical actions and dialogue.
You may add details to characters’ words, actions and feelings by using descriptive words and figurative language.
Tip
Step 4 Share your story with the class. Briefly introduce
the story and then act out the scene you picked.
Wits corner 智慧角
Wit and wisdom are born with a man.
— John Selden
机智与智慧是与生俱来的。
——约翰·塞尔登
（英国法学家、历史学家和政治家）
More wits
1. Wise men speak because they have something to say; fools because they have to say something.
智者说话，是因为他们有话要说；愚者说话，是因为他们想说点什么。
2. Wisdom is not the product of schooling but of the lifelong attempt to acquire it.
智慧并非学校教育的产物，而是终身求索的结果。
3. The fool doth think he is wise, but the wise man knows himself to be a fool.
愚者自以为聪明，智者则有自知之明。
4. Great wisdom appears foolish; great skill appears clumsy.
大智若愚，大巧若拙。
In this class, we have learned
new words and expressions in the text.
the detailed information and the structure of the text.
some important language points in the text.
Summary
Self-assessment
How well do you know about this lesson? Tick the boxes.
I understand the new expressions in the article. 口 口 口
I understand the detailed information about the article.口 口 口
I know how to retell the article with key words. 口 口 口
I think I can use all language points correctly. 口 口 口

“双减”背景下，作业如何合理分层
?可参考作业布置如下：
Samples:
Homework
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}书面作业（可选）
创新探究性作业（可选）
1.复习短语和语言点。
1. 选择《三国演义》中的其他智慧故事，并口头与同学分享故事内容。
2. 选择你最喜爱的三国人物，完成人物信息卡。
2.完成《双语报》Section 4 部分练习。

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