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(共17张PPT)
Reading and Thinking
语言点
Unit 5 Poems
There are various reasons why people compose poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image in the reader’s mind. Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphors, and arrangement of words, lines, rhymes, and rhythm. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms.
人们作诗有着各种各样的理由。有些诗是为了叙事，或是描述读者脑海中的某个形象，有些诗歌试图传达某些诸如喜悦、悲伤之类的情感。 诗歌的显著特点通常包括：用词简洁；语言描述生动、形象；具备整合的意象；使用明喻和暗喻等文学手法；词、行、押韵、节奏等的编排。诗人用许多不同形式的诗歌来表达他们自己。现在我们来看一些比较简单的（诗歌）形式。
一些...，另一些...
......的原因有很多
1. 作为限定词（Determiner）修饰名词，表示“一些”或“某个”，常用于肯定句中。修饰可数名词（复数）或不可数名词。不强调具体数量，表示不确定的量。
I need some apples. （我需要一些苹果。）
Can I have some water （我可以喝点水吗？）
2. 作为代词（Pronoun）代替名词，表示“一些（人或物）”。
可以单独使用，不需要后面接名词。常用于避免重复。
I have some books. Do you want some （我有一些书。你想要一些吗？）
Some of the students are late.（一些学生迟到了。）
3. 作为副词（Adverb）表示“大约”或“稍微”，通常用于数字或程度前。
表示不确定的数量或程度。
There were some 50 people at the party.（派对上大约有50人。）
She felt some better after taking the medicine.（她吃了药后感觉稍微好了一些。）
some
1. 作为限定词（Determiner）修饰名词，表示“其他的”或“另外的”。修饰可数名词（单数或复数）或不可数名词，表示在已知范围之外的其他人或事物。
Do you have any other questions （你还有其他问题吗？）
She lives on the other side of the street.（她住在街的另一边。）
2. 作为代词（Pronoun）代替名词，表示“其他人”或“其他事物”。
可以单独使用，不需要后面接名词。
常用形式：other（单数）或 others（复数）。
Some people like coffee, while others prefer tea.（一些人喜欢咖啡，而其他人更喜欢茶。）
This book is mine. Where is the other （这本书是我的。另一本在哪里？）
3. 作为形容词（Adjective）修饰名词，表示“不同的”或“另外的”。
通常与 the 连用，表示特指。
The other day, I saw him at the park.（前几天，我在公园看到了他。）
She is smarter than the other students in her class.（她比班上其他学生更聪明。）
other
Other 可以修饰名词或单独使用（单数）。
Where is the other shoe
（另一只鞋在哪里？）
Others 是代词，表示“其他人”或“其他事物”。
Some people like apples, but others prefer bananas.
（一些人喜欢苹果，但其他人更喜欢香蕉。）
other 与others 的区别
Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes. They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs. The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline. Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme, have a strong rhythm, and often repeat the same words. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.
幼儿最早学习的一些英文诗歌是童谣，它们通常是传统的诗歌或民歌。这些童谣的语言简单明了，像诗歌A，但带有故事情节。许多孩子喜欢童谣，因为他们押韵，节奏感强，并且经常重复相同的词汇。童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至（有的）看起来自相矛盾，但是他们容易学，也容易背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。
简明扼要，恰到好处
有意义；讲得通
：主语 + be + adj. + 动词不定式
The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite.
“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”句型
(1) 句型多用于表示主语的性质、特征，形容词也是如此。常见的此类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, dangerous, heavy等。
(2) to do不定式和句子主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系，但不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。若构成不定式的动词为不及物动词，其后要加上相应的介词。
①The picture is pleasant to look at．
②The mountain is challenging to climb .
One of the simplest kinds of poem is the "list poem", which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme. List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. Some rhyme ( like B and C ), while others do not.
最简单的一种诗歌就是“清单诗”，它包含了一系列事物、人物、思想或描写，这些都形成一个特定的主题。清单诗可长可短，可以重复一些短语，较为灵活，这就形成了这种诗的模式和节奏。有些清单诗有韵脚（如B和C），但有一些没有。
one + of + the + adj.最高级 + n. 复数 + 谓单
Some rhyme (like B and C)，while others do not.
有些押韵(像 B 和 C)，而另一些不押韵。
句式分析：这是一个 __ ，此句中的 while 作并列连词，表示前后两者的 ___ ，意为“而；然而”。
eg.He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.
他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。
并列句
对比
“while” conj. 用法小结：
(1)"当.. .的时候"
I met a friend of mine while (I was ) walking on the street.
(2)"尽管，虽然"
While his paintings still had a religious themes ， they showed real people in a real environment .
(3)"而，却"
At school some students are active while some are shy.
(Some students are active at school. By contrast, some are shy.)
Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines. With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words. Look at the example(D).
另外一种（诗歌）业余爱好者容易写的形式简单的诗叫五行诗，是由五行组成的。用五行诗，你可以用少量的词语描绘一幅动人的画面或一种特定的心情。看例子（D）。
由...组成
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables. It has a format of three lines, containing 5,7,and 5 syllables respectively. It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words. The haiku poem (E) on the right is a translation from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.
包含；由...组成
不是...而是...
受…欢迎
俳句诗是一种日本诗歌类型，它由17个音节组成。它的格式是三行，分别包含5、7和5个音节。它不是英文诗歌的传统形式，但是在用英语写作的人们中间，这种诗很流行。它容易写，而且像五行诗一样，可以用很少的词语呈现出清晰的画面，表达出特殊的情感。右边的俳句诗（E）是从日文翻译过来的，他展现了一只优美的蝴蝶生命中的一瞬间。
在右边
English speakers also enjoy poems from China, those from the Tang Dynasty in particular. A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English, such as this one (F).
说英语的人也喜欢中国的诗歌，尤其是唐朝的诗歌。许多唐诗已经被翻译成英文了，比如这一首诗（F）。
尤其；特别 = particularly
把...翻译成...
With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, you may eventually want to write poems of your own. Give it a try!
有了这么多不同的诗歌类型可供选择，你最终也许想自己作诗了。试一试吧！
属于自己的
从...中选择
With so many different forms of poetry _____________(choose) from, you may eventually want to write poems of your own.
1) 斜体部分为“with sth. to do” 结构作原因状语， 相当于原因状语从句，“因为有这么多形式的诗歌可供选择”
= As there are so many different … to choose from，......
________ such a wide range of vehicles _______, it is convenient for people to get around.
A. With, to choose B. As, to choose from
C. With, to choose from D. As there are, chosen from
There were so many good cafes and restaurants ______________. I don’t know which one _________.
C
to choose
to choose from
to choose
①With years (go) by, they have grown into big boys and big girls.
②With all the things (buy), she counted her money again to see if it was enough.
③With several problems , we all felt a sense of relief.
④Tom always sleeps with his eyes _______ (睁开).
going
to buy
solved
open
Some ... Others ...
to the point
make sense
is made up of
consists of
not...but...
be popular with
on the right
in particular
translated into
choose from
of your own
1. 一些...，另一些...
2. 简明扼要，恰到好处
3. 有意义；讲得通
4. 由...组成
5. 包含；由...组成
6. 不是...而是...
7. 受…欢迎
8. 在右边
9. 尤其；特别
10. 把...翻译成...
11. 从...中选择
12. 属于自己的
Thank You !

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