资源简介

(共28张PPT)
UNIT 1
SCIENCE FICTION
Review Useful Structures
Review the Passive Voice
指出句中的主谓宾语。
We kept food in the fridge.
We must close the windows and the door.
S
V.
O.
S
V.
O.
Food was kept (by us) in the fridge.
The windows and the door must be closed.
在主动语态中强调的是执行动作的人或物，即主语是动作的执行者；而在被动语态中强调的是接受动作的人或物，即主语是动作的承受者。
What is passive voice
1. 当我们不知道动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时。
Every classroom in this school is being equipped with a new TV set.
在这所学校里,每间教室都正在装备一台新的电视机。
Give blood if you can and many lives will be saved.
如果可以的话,请献一点血,很多生命将会因此而获救。
2. 为了强调动作的承受者时。
Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting are being exhibited at the culture show now.
剪纸等天津民间传统艺术品现在正在文化展览中展出。
被动语态的用法
3. 出于策略、委婉、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者时。
You are said to be active recently.
据说你最近很活跃。
It is reported that they will come to our city for a visit.
据报道,他们要来我们城市访问。
4. 公告、通知、新闻报道、报纸标题、科技文章中
Rubbish is strictly prohibited here.
此处严禁倒垃圾。(公告)
5. 动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。
The plan was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English.
各个时态的被动语态构成：
am/is/are+ V-ed
am/is/are+being+V-ed
was/were+ V-ed
was/were+being+V-ed
have/has+been+V-ed
had+been+V-ed
shall/will+be+V-ed
be going to+be+V-ed
must be+V-ed
should have+been+V-ed
1.特殊结构的被动形式
(1) 双宾动词的被动结构
例：He gave her some money.
She was given some money.
Some money was given to her.
带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把“人”提前作主语；将“物”提前则要在“人”的前面加 to 或 for。
带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 一般将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语为主语补足语)。
(2) 带复合宾语的动词的被动结构
例：His father called him Jack.
He was called Jack by his father.
(3)“it + be + 过去分词 + 从句”式的被动结构:
It is known /suggested/believed /reportedacknowledged/
calculated/estimated/required…that
People say that he is an agricultural scientist.
→ It is said that he is an agricultural scientist.
→ He is said to be an agricultural scientist.
We expect that our team will win the game.
→ It is expected that our team will win the game.
→ Our team is expected to win the game.
2.不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。
An accident happened on the road last night and five people were killed.
昨晚这条路上发生了一起意外事故，五个人遇难。
上周那个地区发生了一场大火。
A big fire broke out in the area last week.
常见的有：
happen/take place/occur发生； remain剩下；
break out爆发； last持续；
come up被提出； lose heart失去信心；
run out用完 come out出
3.某些及物动词和动词短语无被动语态
狮子和老虎属于猫科。
Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.
常见的有：
have有； cost花费； lack 缺少；
suit 适合； belong to 属于； suffer from 遭受；date from/back to 追溯到；
consist of 由……组成； take part in参加
4.主动形式表示被动意义的结构
(1)表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词
The sign reads as follows.告示如下。
The shirt doesn’t wash well.这件衬衫不好洗。
Her new book is very interesting and sells well.她的新书很有趣很畅销。
常见的有：，如read，write，sell，wash，clean，cook，draw等，常与well，easily，smoothly等副词连用，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。
Junk food___________( taste) delicious but it doesn’t contain enough nutrition.垃圾食品吃起来美味但营养不足。
Your idea _________(sound) wonderful but it isn’t practical.你的想法听起来很棒但不切实际。
tastes
sounds
(2)系动词如look, seem, appear, feel, taste, smell, sound, remain, stay,
continue, become, grow, get, come, go等后接形容词作表语。
B
No matter what he did to the door，it _______open.
A. didn’t B. wasn’t C. wouldn’t D. hadn’t
不论他怎么对付这个门，它就是打不开。
(3)open，close，lock，move，keep等动词常与won’t，can’t，wouldn’t 连用。
C
The policy is partly ___________(blame)for causing the worst unemployment
in Europe.
(5)在 be to blame 结构中，动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
(4)当 want, need, require, deserve 表示“需要”或“值得”时，在或worth等形容词的后面其宾语可用动词 -ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义。
The carpet really wants_______________________(clean)
The film is well worth____________(see).
cleaning /to be cleaned.
seeing
to blame
(6)在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中
例：The question is difficult to answer.
The problem is difficult to work______
在“be + 形容词+ 不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。
常见形容词有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等
out.
The patient got ________(treat) once a week.
那位病人一周接受一次治疗
过马路时要小心，否则你可能会被汽车撞到。
Be careful when you cross the road, or you may get hit by a car.
“get＋过去分词”也可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。
treated
用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1) The West Lake in Hangzhou ___________(visit) by lots of visitors every year.
2) Visitors ____________(request) not to take photos of the works in the museum, but some people won’t listen.
3) The organisation ____________(found) in 1968 and one of its goals is to protect wild animals.
4) In the last experiment, 200 university students ____________(ask) to spend 24 hours without social media.
5) It’s said that a long bridge ___________(build) over the river next year.
is visited
are requested
was founded
were asked
will be built
6) A large number of paintings from Europe _______________(exhibit) for the first time in the National Museum at present.
7) Up to now, a big sum of money _______________ (raise) for those patients.
8) His country _______________(invite) to take part in the event, so he, as well as other athletes, was chosen to get training.
9) A lot of things _____________(do) by people to save the little girl now.
10) The award ______________(give) to the winners of the contest tomorrow morning.
are being exhibited
has been raised
had been invited
are being done
will be given
I __________ (give) a new book by my father on my birthday.
English _________ (find) very useful.
3. The work ______________ (finish)
tomorrow.
4. The flowers ________________ (water) by them now.
5. The railway ______________ (build)
this time last year.
was given
is found
will be finished
are being watered
Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given.
was being built
6. The new way ____ already _________ (build).
7. The new railway _____________ (build) by the end of last year.
8. He told me the sports meeting _____________ (hold) the next month.
9. Rice ________ (grow) in the south of the States.
10. John __________ (elect) president of the class instead of Harry yesterday.
has been built
had been built
would be held
is grown
was elected
实战高考
1. It _________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
(2021.6 全国甲卷 语法填空)
2. It is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _____________ (consider) healthy.
(2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空)
was built
is considered
3. Currently, about 35,000 works ______ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
A. were displaying B. are displaying
C. were being displayed D. are being displayed
(2021.3 天津卷 单选)
4. Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ______________ (construct)”.
(2020 新课标卷Ⅰ 语法填空)
5. And, as more children were born, more food __________ (need).
(2020 浙江卷 语法填空)
is constructed
was needed
Practice
Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. Then try to translate these sentences into Chinese.
1. What is done cannot _________. (undo)
2. Janet __________ chairwoman of the student
union last month. (elect)
3. Two hundred grammes of flour should ________
to the cake mix. (add)
be undone
木已成舟。
was elected
珍妮特上个月当选为学生会主席。
蛋糕料里需要加入两百克面粉。
be added
Practice
4. A 3,000-seat venue __________________ for the circus performance in November. (build)
5. Working efficiency ________________ since this new software was
adopted. (improve)
6. Only one piece of carry-on luggage __________ for each economy class passenger. (allow)
was built/will be built
一个拥有三千座位，供马戏表演使用的场地于十一月建成/将在十一月建成。
has been improved
自从采用了新软件，工作效率就被提升了。
is allowed
经济舱的乘客每人仅允许携带一件随身行李。
Practice
7. It is a great honour for me to _________ to address this international AI conference. (invite)
8. When I entered the room, I found that the salesman’s salary
_________________ at the meeting. (discuss)
9. With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school
student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance
Examination. He is expected to __________ to a top university. (admit)
be invited
我很荣幸能被邀请在AI大会上发言。
was being discussed
我进会议室的时候发现正在讨论销售员的薪水。
be admitted
使用转换为盲文的高考试卷，一位高中的视障学生考取了630分（总分650）。他有望被一所名校录取。
Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.
P5 3
explore translate discover regard represent
set up recruit write get caught up connect
Science fiction ___________ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and ___________________. The Three-Body Problem, _______ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume ____________ into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book __________ many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, AI, and the future of humans.
is regarded
explored/represented
written
was translated
represents
The Three Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao. Ye __________ to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which ______________ to contact alien life forms. In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao _____________ in a popular online game called “Three Body”, in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game - it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence. How are these two people's stories _________ And how will their behaviour change Earth's future and the civilizations of other planets Answers to all these questions are waiting to ____________ when you go on reading.
explore translate discover regard represent
set up recruit write get caught up connect
is recruited
has been set up
gets caught up
connected
be discovered
Thank you !

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