资源简介

(共44张PPT)
Compulsory 1
Unit 3　Getting along with others
Ⅰ.话题单词
话题词汇
embarrass v. 使窘迫 ignore v. 不理睬，忽视　 cheat v. 欺骗；作弊
accompany v. 陪同，陪伴 cooperate v. 合作，协作 lonely adj. 孤独的
alone adj. 单独；独自 friendly adj. 友好的 unfriendly adj. 不友好的
colleague n. 同事 fellow n. 同伴，伙伴 companion n. 同伴，伴侣
partner n. 搭档；合伙人 roommate n. 室友，舍友
brotherhood n. 兄弟般的关系 acquaintance n. 熟人，认识的人neighbour/neighbor n. 邻居；邻国 cooperation n. 合作
conflict n. 矛盾；冲突 teamwork n. 协同工作
promise n. & v. 允诺 envy n. & v. 妒忌，羡慕
debate n. & v. 讨论，辩论 chat n. & v. 聊天，闲聊
Ⅱ.话题词块
tell a lie撒谎 keep calm保持冷静 put up with容忍，忍受
be loyal to对……忠诚 quarrel with sb.与某人吵架
break up 绝交；解散；结束 be popular with受……的欢迎　　　　　　　 do sb. a favour帮某人一个忙 help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事
have a lot in common有许多共同点 make friends with sb.和某人交朋友 believe in/trust each other彼此信任 be ready/willing to help others乐于助人
keep/break one's promise/word遵守/违背诺言
have an effect/influence/impact on对……有影响
keep/stay in touch with sb.与某人保持联系
keep a good relationship with sb.与某人保持良好关系
be rude/kind/friendly to sb.对某人无礼/和蔼可亲/友好
exchange ideas/emotions/information交流思想/情感/信息
promote/strengthen/treasure friendship增进/巩固/珍惜友谊
with one's help/encouragement/support在某人的帮助/鼓励/支持下
Ⅲ.话题句式
1. You are so kind and considerate that we hope to be friends with you no matter where you are.
你(们)如此善良、体贴，我们希望无论你(们)身在何处，都能成为你(们)的朋友。
2. I sincerely hope that we may exchange with each other more to develop our friendship.
我真诚地希望我们彼此之间可以多交流，以增进我们的友谊。
3. Never will I forget you and your kindness.
我永远不会忘记你和你的好意。
4. In a word, a friend in need is a friend indeed. May all of us treasure friendship.
总之，患难见真情。愿我们所有人都珍视友谊。
Ⅳ.语法填空
(一)
Friendship on the rocks: please advise!
Amy and Jenny have been close for eight years 1.__________ primary school. Whether they are walking to school, doing homework 2.__________ just hanging out at the weekend, they are hardly out of each other's sight.But things changed last Saturday. Their 3.__________ (origin) plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon.But in the morning, Jenny posted a message on social media 4.__________ (say) she had a cold. Amy told her 5.__________ (have) a rest. However, instead of recovering at home, she was out having fun with someone else. Hearing this, Amy was annoyed. As she was at a 6.__________ (lose) what to do next, she 7.__________ (seek) advice from a forum online. From Cindy's viewpoint, this friendship is worth saving: eight years is a long time! Amy should find 8.______ opportunity to have a full and frank talk with her friend. 9._______ David's opinion, it was wise of Amy to rethink and even let go of the friendship if she 10.______________ (trick).
since
or
original
saying
to have
loss
sought
an
In
had been tricked
(二)
Of Friendship
When we seek 1.__________ (be) alone, we must be careful that we don't escape into our own world. Social life is also of importance to us. 2.__________ (general) speaking, close friendships have three “fruits”. The first fruit is the peace 3.__________ comes from sharing with friends our joy, sadness, success and failure. With true friends, we feel free to share whatever we have experienced 4.__________ full measure. The second one is the better understanding and 5._________________ (judge) that may be achieved by 6._____________ (communicate) with true friends. As a result, we often find 7.__________ easier to deal with a problem with our friends' help. The 8.__________ (three) fruit of friendship is the help a friend may offer in many different 9.__________ (way). Finally, keep it in mind that friends should be carefully chosen and relationships carefully 10.__________ (develop).
to be
Generally
that/which
in
judgement/judgment
communicating
it
third
ways
developed
单词通关
1. sight n. 视野；视力；看见
教材原句：Whether we're walking to school, doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend, we're hardly out of each other's sight.(P30)不论我们是步行去上学，做作业，还是周末出去玩，我们俩几乎没有离开彼此的视线。
out of one's sight 脱离某人的视线
out of sight 在视野外；看不见
in/within sight 在视野内；可能即将发生，在望
at first sight 乍一看，初看时
at the sight of… 一看见……
catch sight of 看到；瞥见
lose sight of 看不见；忽略，忘记
come into sight 出现
disappear from sight 消失不见
sightseeing n. 观光
eyesight n. 视力
单句语法填空/完成句子
①Suddenly he caught sight ____________ her small black velvet hat in the crowd.
②Cao Shengkang ______________ (失去了他的视力) at the age of eight in a car accident.(2022·全国甲卷)
③Every time I _____________________ (看到我自己) in the mirror, I feel so confident.
④An agreement on many aspects of trade policy ______________ (即将达成).
⑤I think a point that many people ______________ (忽略) is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule.(2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷·浙江)
⑥For a very long moment, this tiny creature looked into my eyes, turning her head from side to side. Then she flew quickly ______________ (看不见了). (2023·全国新课标Ⅰ卷·浙江)
of
lost his eyesight
catch sight of myself
is in/within sight
lose sight of
out of sight
2. judge vt. & vi.评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为 n. 法官；裁判员
教材原句：Don't be so quick to judge your friend.(P31)不要这么快评价你的朋友。
judge…from/by… 从……来判断……
as far as I can judge 据我判断；依我看
judging by/from… 从……来看；根据……来判断(用在句首时作为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响)
judgement/judgment n. 判断力；意见；评价；判决
单句语法填空/完成句子
①They will communicate with the ____________ (judge) only for clear and obvious errors or serious missed incidents.
②____________ (judge) from the book I have read, I think he is a very promising writer.
③Wearing proper clothes is important too, for locals will judge you ___________ what you wear.
④依我看，阅读和写作课程适合你，因为你打算阅读书面文本并分享你的想法。
____________________, the Reading and Writing courses are fit for you, because you intend to read written texts and share your thoughts.(应用文写作之建议信)
judges
Judging
from/by
As far as I can judge
3. apologize vi. 道歉，谢罪
教材原句： Perhaps she knows she's in the wrong and wants to apologize, or maybe she has a simple explanation for her behaviour. (P31)或许她知道自己错了，想道歉，又或许她可以简单地解释自己的行为。
apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉
apology n. 道歉
offer an apology 主动道歉
make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事向某人道歉
owe sb. an apology＝owe an apology to sb. 欠某人一个道歉
a letter of apology 一封道歉信
apologetic adj.道歉的，谢罪的
单句语法填空/一句多译
①We apologize ____________ the delay and regret any inconvenience it may have caused.
②You must apologize ________ her ________ having kept her waiting.
③He offered a sincere __________ (apologize) for his behaviour.
④I flashed him an ____________ (apology) smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. (2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)
⑤我必须为我昨晚的粗鲁行为向他道歉。
I must ________________________ my rudeness last night.(apology)
＝I must ________________________ my rudeness last night.(apologize)
for
to for
apology
apologetic
make an apology to him for
apologize to him for
4. respect vt. 尊重，尊敬 n. 尊重，敬意；重视；方面
教材原句：I must respect and support the choices he makes.(P37)我必须尊重和支持他的选择。
show/have respect for 尊重
win/gain/earn respect (of sb.) 赢得(某人的)尊重
give/pay/send one's respects to sb. 向某人问候
with (all due) respect 恕我直言
with respect to sth. 关于；就……而言
in this/that/all/every respect 在这/那/各个/每个方面
in respect of＝with respect to 关于，就……而言
respectful adj. 恭敬的，有礼貌的
respectfully adv. 恭敬地，毕恭毕敬地
respective adj. 各自的，分别的
respectively adv. 各自地，分别地
respected adj. 受尊重的
respectable adj. 可敬的；品行端正的；可观的，相当大的；体面的
单句语法填空/完成句子
①You must show respect ____________ the feeling of others.
②The two groups were similar with respect ____________ income and status.
③They make me feel valued and __________ (respect), no matter my level of artistic ability.(2023·全国新课标Ⅱ卷)
④Put a tie on—_______________________________ (这样你会显得更体面). (应用文写作之建议信)
⑤To be honest, this plan is perfect ____________________ (在每个方面).
for
to
respected
it'll make you look more respectable
in every respect
5. seek (sought, sought) vi. 试图；寻找；争取vt. 寻求；寻找
教材原句：However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world.(P39)然而，当我们试图独处的时候，我们必须小心，不要总是逃避到自己的世界里去。
seek to do sth. 试图做某事(＝try to do sth.)
seek for/after sb./sth. 寻找某人/寻求某物
seek sth. from sb. 向某人寻求某物
seek one's fortune 外出闯荡；寻找发财的机会
seek advice/help from sb. 征求某人的意见/寻求某人的帮助
seek out 挑选出，物色
hide and seek 捉迷藏
seeker n. 寻求者
单句语法填空/完成句子
①It is scientists' duty to seek ____________ the truth.
②Besides, businesses seek ____________ (appeal) to customers' senses.
③I believe we can seek ____________ a suitable person for this position from the candidates.
④You should _______________________ (征求你的律师的意见) on this matter.
⑤Coles came to the Yukon in the 1960s _________________ (寻找发财的机会).
for/after
to appeal
out
seek advice from your lawyer
to seek his fortune
6. benefit n. 优势，益处，成效 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于
教材原句：As we live in social groups, there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy. (P39)由于我们生活在社会群体中，我们可以享受到友谊带来的很多好处。
be of benefit to 对……有益
to one's benefit 对某人有利
for the benefit of sb. 为了某人的利益；为了帮助某人
have the benefit of 有……的优势；得益于
benefit sb. 对某人有益
benefit from/by sth. 从……受益
beneficial adj. 有益的，有用的
be beneficial to 对……有益
单句语法填空/一句多译
①Enough sleep, fresh air and good food are __________ (benefit) to health.
②I have typed out some lecture notes __________ the benefit of those people who were absent last week.
③However, if you're shopping for one, buying extra to benefit __________ price reductions doesn't make sense.(2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷·浙江)
④锻炼对我们的健康非常有益。
_________________________________________ (good adj.)
＝_______________________________________ (beneficial adj.)
＝_______________________________________ (benefit n. )
＝_______________________________________ (benefit vi.)
＝_______________________________________ (benefit vt.)
beneficial
for
from/by
Exercise is very good for our health.
Exercise is more than beneficial to our health.
Working out is of great benefit to our health.
Our health benefits a lot from working out.
Exercise benefits our health very much.
词块积累
1. make it 能够出席；准时到达；获得成功
教材原句：When I called her, she said she might not be able to make it to the cinema. (P30)当我打电话给她时，她说她可能去不了电影院了。
believe it or not 信不信由你 as it is 实际情况是；照原样子
it is up to sb. 由某人决定，取决于某人 take it from sb. 相信某人的话
worth it 有好处，值得做 Don't mention it.别提了。/不用谢。
That's it.搞定。/完全正确。/就是这样。
Take it or leave it. 要么接受，要么放弃。
Take it/things easy. 不要慌。/别担心。/沉住气。
It/That all depends. 那得看情况。
写出下列句中画线部分的含义
①I'm sorry I won't be able to make it to the party on Saturday. ______________
②The flight leaves in twenty minutes—we'll never make it. ______________
③He never really made it as an actor. ______________
能够出席
准时到达
获得成功
2. in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
教材原句：In any case, find an opportunity to have a full and frank talk with her.(P31)无论如何，找个机会和她深入、坦诚地谈一谈。
in case 以防
in case of 如果，假使
in no case 决不 (位于句首时句子要部分倒装)
in some/most cases 在某些情况/大多数情况下
in this/that case 既然这样/那样
as is often the case (with…) (对……而言)这是常有的事情
单句语法填空/完成句子
①____________ is often the case, teenagers are fond of playing online games.
②In case ____________ an accident, one should give the injured person first aid at once.
③In no case _______________________________ (我们不能违背自然法则) or we'll meet endless suffering.
④You may think of giving up studying. ________________ (这样的话), just think it over before making a decision.
⑤______________________________ (你们有没有过这样的情况) someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick
As
of
can we go against the law of nature
In this case
Have you ever had a case where
句式点拨
1. whether…or… 引导的让步状语从句
教材原句：Whether we're walking to school, doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend, we're hardly out of each other's sight. (P30)不论我们是步行去上学，做作业，还是周末出去玩，我们俩几乎没有离开彼此的视线。
①whether…or…引导让步状语从句，表示“不论……还是……”。
②whether…or not… 无论……是否……
③引导让步状语从句的连词(词组)：although、though、as、while、even if、 even though、疑问词＋ever、no matter＋疑问词
单句语法填空/完成句子
①He suggested I think about the difference between endings that satisfied the story even __________ they didn't have a traditionally positive outcome. (2024·全国甲卷)
②Is comprehension the same ____________ a person reads a text onscreen or on paper (2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)
③Whether you're hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, __________ just enjoying the park's amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family.(2023·全国新课标Ⅱ卷)
④It's not a case of ______________________________ (会不会有人注意到).
⑤_____________________________________ (无论他去哪里), he always goes to visit the local beauty spots and places of historical interest.
if/though
whether
or
whether anyone would notice or not
Wherever he goes或No matter where he goes
2. as引导的时间状语从句
教材原句：As we walk the “path of life”, we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts, for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement. (P39)当走在“人生的道路”上时，我们有时希望独自思考，因为静思可以实现自我提升。
[词语辨析]
as表示“当……时；随着”，侧重指从句与主句的动作同时进行，谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词。
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow AI” to Artificial General Intelligence.(2024·全国新课标Ⅱ卷)随着我们很快从AI by Design中学习，人工智能已经是超级智能的，并且将变得更加强大，从当前一代的“窄域人工智能”转向通用人工智能。
when表示“当……时”，所引导的从句中的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词；谓语动词的动作可以与主句谓语动词的动作同时发生，也可以是之前或之后发生。
Jack, how did you get to school when you were in primary school (2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)杰克，你上小学的时候怎么去上学
while表示“当……时；和……同时”，所引导的从句中的谓语动词应为延续性动词，不用短暂性动词，谓语动作发生的时间通常与主句谓语动词动作发生时间相同。
He discovered that he could earn some money while doing something he really enjoyed.他发现，他可以在做一些他真正喜欢的事情的同时赚一些钱。
状语从句中可省略与主句相同的“主语＋be动词”，还可省略“it＋be动词”。
提示
单句语法填空/完成句子
①He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago ______________ he suffered from terrible back pain. (2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)
②______________ I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
③______________ I was a teenager, a neighbourhood friend won a marathon race. (2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)
④______________ time went by, he gradually recovered from the illness.
⑤And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word _____________________________ (当涉及相同的材料时) (2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)
when/as
When/As/While
When/As
As
when covering the same material
素养挑战
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable ”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
“Quite a lot，” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
1. What do we know about the records of species collected now
A. They are becoming outdated.
B. They are mostly in electronic form.
C. They are limited in number.
D. They are used for public exhibition.
2. What does Daru's study focus on
A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens.
C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications.
3. What has led to the biases according to the study
A. Mistakes in data analysis.
B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling.
D. Unreliable data collection devices.
4. What is Daru's suggestion for biodiversity apps
A. Review data from certain areas.
B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users.
D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏差，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。
1. B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records.”可知，现在大多数生物多样性的记录都是以照片、视频和其他电子形式存在的。
2. C　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“These observations now outnumber…Are they usable ”和第三段可知，Daru 的研究重点是这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性。所以他的研究聚焦的是“观察数据”。
3. C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“…like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist…right next to it”和第五段可知，收集生物采样数据的人，对于采样区域、采样时段以及采样物种的选择有一定的主观性，这些不当的采样方式会导致收集到的数据产生偏差。
4. D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Daru认为生物多样性应用程序可以根据研究结果引导采样人员关注样本采集不足的地区和物种，鼓励他们让专家确认上传样本图片中的物种名称。因此，Daru建议生物多样性应用程序给采样人员提供一些指导意见。
“说明文”答题技能 第一步 细读文章重点：关注文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句。
第二步 明确说明对象：通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的逻辑联系，加深对说明对象的理解。
第三步 弄清说明顺序：在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行有条不紊的解说。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。
“说明文”答题技能 第四步 把握作者态度：说明文的首段一般借用生活中的某个场景事件引入说明的事物。一般穿插人们对被说明事物的看法和观点，要仔细体会观点的倾向性和情感色彩，来对比作者的态度和写作情感。
第五步 吃透长难句子：学会运用括号法分析长难句，把影响理解的各种从句、非谓语动词短语以及复杂介词短语括起来，从而达到“去枝叶，留主干”的目的，进而准确理解句子含义。
第六步 学会适当放弃：在阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，在阅读时可一扫而过。
“说明文”答题技能
名师点睛：说明文包括话题较陌生、专业术语多、长难句子多、词汇有新义等特点，所以做题时我们应采用以下策略：
把握介绍或阐述的主体：通过文章第一段迅速找出说明文介绍或阐述的事物。一般情况下，作者会在文章开篇就把要介绍的事物或需表达的观点铺平直叙出来。
关注每一段的段首句：运用“题文同序法”找出反映语境褒贬性及态度变化的标志性词汇或句子，剖析句子，掌握句意，进一步做出判断。
关注每一段的段尾句：牢记褒贬及中性意义的词汇，积累英美国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识。
关注文章中出现的问题：说明文的本质是对一个事物进行阐述。阅读说明文体裁的文章时应首先抓住下面的重要信息：
A.说明的对象
B.说明对象的特征
C.说明的方法(例证法；定义法；分类法；因果关系法；比较对照法；过程分析法)
Ⅱ.应用文赏析
(2025·湖南长沙)
假定你是李华，你打算下周日参加学校对面的社区组织的义务劳动。请你给你校的加拿大交换生John写一封邮件，告知他此事，内容包括：
1. 时间和地点；
2. 具体安排；
3. 发出邀请。
【精选佳作】根据中文补全语篇：
Dear John，
I am excited to inform you about an upcoming community volunteer event that I will be participating in. It is my pleasure and privilege to invite you to join me.
Next Sunday at 9: 00 am, ①_____________________________________ _____________________________________________________ (我们将在学校对面的社区门口集合，参加各种有意义的活动). The tasks for the day include cleaning up the neighborhood to make it more beautiful, planting trees, and working on a community garden project to promote sustainable living practices.
Your participation will be greatly appreciated, and ②___________________ __________________________________________ (这是一个共同回馈社区的绝佳机会). Please let me know if you can join, and I can provide more details if needed. Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
we will gather at the gate of the community
across from our school to engage in various meaningful activities
it's a wonderful
opportunity to give back to the community together
【句式点拨】
It is my pleasure and privilege to invite you to join me.
翻译：③__________________________________________________________
分析：句中It为④_________；真正的主语是⑤_____________________。
第一段：交代写信的目的，表达⑥________　　　　
第二段：交代义务劳动的,具体⑦________　　　　
a.时间和地点
b.具体安排
第三段：再次发出邀请
我很高兴也很荣幸邀请你加入我。
形式主语
to invite you to join me
期望
事项
【结构解析】

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